苏教版七年级数学上册期末考试试题(含答案)由刀豆文库小编整理,希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便,猜你可能喜欢“高等数学上册期末考试”。
七年级上数学期末试卷
一、选择题(共15个小题,每小题2分,共30分)1.如果向东走80m记为80m,那么向西走60m记为()A.60m B.|60|m C.(60)m D.60m
2.某市2010年元旦的最高气温为2‵,最低气温为-8‵,那么这天的最高气温比最低气温高()A.-10‵ B.-6‵ C.6‵ D.10‵ 3.-6的绝对值等于()A.6 B.C.16 D.6
4.未来三年,国家将投入8500亿元用于缓解群众“看病难,看病贵”问题.将8500亿元用科学记数法表示为()A.0.85104亿元 B.8.5103亿元 C.8.5104亿元 D.85102亿元 5.当x2时,代数式x1的值是()A.1 B.3 C.1 D.3 6.下列计算正确的是()A.3ab3ab B.3aa2 C.2a23a25a5 D.a2b2a2ba2b
7.将线段AB延长至C,再将线段AB反向延长至D,则图中共有线段()A.8条 B.7条 C.6条 D.5条 8.下列语句正确的是()A.在所有联结两点的线中,直线最短 B.线段A曰是点A与点B的距离 C.三条直线两两相交,必定有三个交点
D.在同一平面内,两条不重合的直线,不平行必相交
9.已知线段AB和点P,如果PAPBAB,那么()A.点P为AB中点 B.点P在线段AB上
C.点P在线段ABAB外 D.点P在线段AB的延长线上 10.一个多项式减去x2y等于x2y,则这个多项式是 2222 A.2x2y2 B.x22y2 C.2x2y2 D.x22y2 11.若xy,则下列式子错误的是
A.x3y3 B.3x3y C.x3y2 D.
x3y3
12.下列哪个不等式组的解集在数轴上的表示如图所示 A.x2x1x2x1 B.x2x1
C. D.x2x1
13.如图,已知直线AB、CD相交于点O,OE平分∠COB,若∠EOB=55 A.35 B.55 C.70 D.110 14.把方程A.B.C.D.0.10.2x0.3110.7x0.4的分母化为整数的方程是()0.10.2x312x312x312x30.7x114710x47x4
10710x4x95x115.不等式组的解集是x2,则m的取值范围是
xm1A.m1 B.m1 C.m2 D.m2
二、填空题(共10个小题,每小题2分,共20分)16.比较大小:6_________8(填“”)17.计算:|3|2_________ 18.如果a与5互为相反数,那么a=_________ 19.甲数x的23与乙数y的14差可以表示为_________ 20.定义a‴b=a2b,则(1‴2)‴3=_________ 21.如图,要使输出值Y大于100,则输入的最小正整数x是___________
22.如图,将一副三角板叠放在一起,使直角顶点重合于0点,则∠AOC+∠DOB=___________ 度.
23.如图,∠AOB中,OD是∠BOC的平分线,OE是∠AOC的平分线,若∠AOB=140,则∠EOD=___________度.
n24.已知|3m12|10,则2mn___________.
2225.观察下面的一列单项式:2x,4x,8x,16x,„根据你发现的规律,第7个单项式为___________;第n个单项式为___________.
三、计算或化简(共4个小题,每小题4分,共16分)26.计算:12411 2372323 27.计算:(6.5)(2)2(5)5
28.计算:1820`32``3015`22``
29.化简:(5a22a1)4(38a2a2)
四、解方程(共2个小题,每小题5分。共10分)30.解方程:16x3.5x6.5x7
31.解方程:20X-15X=40
五、列方程解应用题(共2个小题,每小题8分,共16分)32.张欣和李明相约到图书城去买书.请你根据他们的对话内容,求出李明上次所买书籍的原价.
33.粗蜡烛和细蜡烛的长短一样,粗蜡烛可以点5小时,细蜡烛可以点4小时,如果同时点燃这两支蜡烛,过了一段时间后,剩余的粗蜡烛长度是细蜡烛长度的2倍,问这两支蜡烛已点燃了多少时间?
七、选做题(本大题共2个小题,第35题2分,第36题3分,共5分,得分记入总分,但总分不得超过100分)35.已知:关于x的方程的值.
36.已知:线段AB=5cm,延长AB到c,使AC=7cm,在AB的反向延长线上取点D,使BD= 4BC,设线段CD的中点为E,问线段AE是线段CD的几分之一?
ax2bx33的解是x2,其中a0且b0,求代数式
abba
参考答案及评分标准
一、选择题(共15个小题,每小题2分,共30分)1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.A
二、填空题(共10个小题,每小题2分,共20分)16.> 17.1 18.-5 19.25.128x;(-1)7n+
123x14y 20.-2 21.21 22.180 23.70 24.10
·2·x nn
三、计算或化简(共4个小题,每小题4分,共16分)26.计算:12411.23723解:原式=11214
22337
=-1+
4=3.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4分
727.计算:(-6.5)+(-2)÷2÷(-5).
5解:原式=-6.5+(-2)×5×1
25
=-6.5+(-1)
=-7.5.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4分 28.计算:18°20′32″+30°15′22″.
解:原式=48°35′54″.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4分 29.化简:(5a2+2a-1)-4(3-8a+2a2).
解:原式=5a2+2a-1-12+32a-8a2
2=-3a+34a-13.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4分
四、解方程或不等式(共2个小题,每小题5分,共10分)
30.解方程:16x-3.5x-6.5x=7.
解:
6x=7,x=7„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5分
631.解不等式:x1>5-x,并把解集表示在数轴上.
3解:x-1>15-3x, 4x>16,x>4.
„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3分
在数轴上表示其解集:
„„„„„„„„„„„„„5分
五、列方程解应用题(共2个小题,每小题8分,共16分)32.解:设李明上次所买书籍的原价为x元,根据题意列方程得: x-(0.8x+20)=12.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5分 解方程得:x=160.
答:李明上次所买书籍的原价为160元.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8分 33.解:设这两支蜡烛已点燃了x小时,根据题意列方程得:
1x.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„52154x分
解方程得:x=10
3答:这两支蜡烛已点燃了10小时.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8分
3六、解答题(共1个小题,共8分)34.解:由有理数的除法法则“两数相除,异号得负”,有
(1)5x10,或(2)5x10,„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2分
2x30.2x30.解不等式组(1),得:1x3,52解不等式组(2),无解.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6分 故分式不等式5x1<0的解集为1x3„„„„„„„„„„„„„8分
3x3
52七、选做题(本大题共2个小题,第35题2分,第36题3分,共5分,得分记入总分,但总分不得超过100分)35.解:∵关于x的方程与axbx3的解是x=2,23∴a222b33, ∴3a=4b.
∵a≠0且b≠0,∴ab4b3ab437,,3a4ba3412.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2分
36.解:
∵BC=AC-AB,AC=7,AB=5,∴BC=2.
∴BD=4BC=8,AD=BD-AB=3. ∵CD=BD+BC. ∴CD=10(cm). ∴E为CD的中点,∴DE=12CD=5.
∴AE=DE-AD=2(cm). ∴AE是CD的15.„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3分