高一英语知识点总结(上册)教学知识点归纳总结由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高一英语知识点总结全”。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
高一英语知识点总结（上册）教学知识点归纳总结
重点词组：
1.fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：
He’s fond of swimming.他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables.你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?
He is fond of his research work.他喜爱他的研究工作。
2.hunt for = look for寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。
hunt for a job 找工作
3.in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.如:
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4.care about
1)喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
2）关心 = care for
She thinks only of herself.She doesn’t care about other people.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。
3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5.such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
6.drop *
a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束
（1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8、stay up 不睡；熬夜
（1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
（2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9、come about 引起；发生；产生
（1）How did the accident come about?
这场事故是怎么发生的？
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
（2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10、except for 除……之外
（1）except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。
②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。
②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
（3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
He answered all the questions except for the last one.（4）另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。如：
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
11、end up with 以……告终；以……结束
（1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12、more or le 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上
（1）I've more or le succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
（2）Our living condition has more or le improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13、bring in 引进；引来；吸收
（1）We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。
（2）He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。
14、get away（from）逃离
（1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
15、watch out（for）注意；留心
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
（1）Watch out!There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。
（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。
16、see sb.off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
17、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
18、as well as *
(sth)而且
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
19、take place 发生 take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of *
/ sth代替、取代
The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years.20、on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。Catch fire有动态的含意。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Set… on fire / set fire to …用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。例如：
Look, the theatre is on fire!Let’s go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。
21、on holiday 在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”
Tom and I are going to have a holiday.我和汤姆准备去度假。
I've already had my holidays this year.我今年已经度过假了。
22、travel agency
A busine that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodations
for travelers.旅行社一种为旅行者提供细致的运输、旅行和住宿方面服务的行业
Also called: travel bureau
23、take off 1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
2）（飞机）起飞
The plane took off on time.It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
3）匆匆离开
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
车，匆匆离开去公园。
24.go wrong v.走错路, 误入岐途,(机器等)发生故障
25.in all adv.总共
26.stay away v.外出
27.look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。
相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料； look forward to期待；look into调查；
look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。
28、run after追逐，追求
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。
29、on the air广播
We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。
30、think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
31.leave out 1)漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.2)删掉, 没用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。
32.stare at（由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）凝视，盯着看
Don’t stare at foreigners.It’s impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。
比较：glare at（to stare angrily at）怒视着
这两个小男孩互相怒视着，随时准备开战。
33.make jokes about 就……说笑
They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。
have a joke with … about …跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。
He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。
play a joke on…开某人的玩笑
We played jokes on each other.我们互相开玩笑。
v.joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英.45.take over 接管；接替；继承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over(his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接
管（他的工作）。
46.break down
1)破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。
2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3)失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
4)精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
5)起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
47、get on one’s feet
1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了;(使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
48、go through
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
1)经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2)完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。
45.take over 接管；接替；继承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over(his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接
管（他的工作）。
46.break down
1)破坏；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The peace talks are said to have broken down.(喻)据说和谈破裂了。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
3)失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
4)精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。
5)起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物转化。
47、get on one’s feet
1）站起来;站起来发言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 经济上独立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了;(使)恢复, 复苏(指企业)
48、go through
1)经历；经受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
2)完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
3）通过；批准 The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。
Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。
4）全面检查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台的行李。
重点句型
1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如 He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
A: I went to the park yesterday．
B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)
2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。
例如 A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。
B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports．
B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．
B：So it will．(＝Yes，it will．)
3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.)语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing.So it is with my sister.5、There you are.行了，好。
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如：
There you are!Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。例如：
There you are!I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。
6、have some difficulty(in)doing sth.干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.①Do you have any difficulty(in)understanding English?
你理解英语口语有困难吗？
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
7、have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”
①He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握；may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：1）跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测；
2）跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测；3）跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如：
Helen is Lucy’s good friend.She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room.They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议
室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago.He can’t have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见
过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。
fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight.今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj.“可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲 的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明：
1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of *
/ sth 2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sth He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3)担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into the
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
river.4)给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …, 如:
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for you.I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。
12、I wish you all the best.我祝你万事如意.用wish来表示祝愿的结构是wish *
sth, 此外我们还可以用may来表示祝愿: May *
do sth如:
May you succeed.13、Where there is a river, there is a city.有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于介词in/ at/ to + the place + where从句9定语从句），意思是“在……地方”。例如：
Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪；事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在气候温暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Ruia.圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致，他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united为前置定语，在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句：
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes
of Ruia.当主语比较短时，这类短语常常放在句首。
15.Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语，在使用时要用复数形式。其他几个通常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有：
manners（礼貌）：He is a little boy with good manners.这个小男孩很有礼貌。
regards(问候)：Please send my regards to your parents.请代我问候你父母。
16.Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.没四年，世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。
“every + 基数词 + 时间/ 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间/ 距离”。如：
every five days（每五天）, every three hours（每三小时）, every ten metres（每十公尺）
类似表达形式还有：every fifth day, every third hour
“每隔一天”的表达形式有：every second day, every two days, every other day.17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, and
to send e-mail or surf the Internet.现代的手机不仅仅是电话机—它们也当坐照相机和收音机使用，还可以发送电子邮件和上网。
use A as B 把A用作B。例如：
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代，人们把石头用作耕作的
工具。
use sth to do sth用某物来做某事。例如：
In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代，人们用石头来捕杀动物获取食物。
18、The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no
matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持联系。
1)seem 似乎，好像，其用法及搭配有：
seem + adj., 如：
This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.这个问题看似复杂，其实很简单。
seem to do I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪儿见过他。
It seems that…，It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。
It seems as if…，It seems as if it’s going to rain.看来快要下雨了。
2)no matter无论，不管，后面常跟疑问词引导的从句，其意相当于疑问
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
词后加ever。如 no matter what=whatever;no matter where=wherever;no matter how=however;no matter when=whenever例如：
No matter when(Whenever)I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat.不管我什么时候遇见他，他总是戴着那顶旧礼帽。
No matter how(However)expensive the cellphone is, I’ll buy it because I need one badly.无论这手机有多贵，我都要买。因为我急需有个手机。
重点语法
重点语法：
直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
eg: “I broke your CD player.”(一般过去时改成过去完成时)He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”
(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”
(一般将来时改成过去将来时)
Mum said she would go to see a friend.过去完成时保留原有的时态
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”
He said they hadn’t finished their homework.注意 直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。
2． 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：
Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”
Mary said her brother was and engineer.3． 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He said, “Can you run, Mike?”
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等)*
(not)to do sth.”句型。如：
“Pa me the water, please.”said he.He asked him to pa her the water.5.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：
She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.现在进行时表将来的动作
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
（1）用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。
（2）现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
He is reading a novel.他在看小说。
The train is arriving soon.火车就要进站了。
（3）用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
（4）现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你们打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
用现在进行时表示将来
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
意为：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always，不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
---He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.since的四种用法
1)since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.2)since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago.3)since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4)It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.延续动词与瞬间动词
1)用于完成时的区别
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)
I've known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2)用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet
答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
用一般过去时代替完成时
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.)两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.不用进行时的动词
1)事实状态的动词
have, belong, poe, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue
I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2)心理状态的动词
Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate
I need your help.He loves her very much.)瞬间动词
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4)系动词
seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.虚拟语气
1）概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2）在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错)If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对)If you leave now, you will never regret it.2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should(would)+动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would)have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and mied many claes, he would have made greater progre.含义： He was ill and mied many leons, so he did not make greater progre.c.表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today(现在).虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.Were I D.Was I
即
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1）It is demanded / neceary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is(2)important that…+(should)do
(3)a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； +(should)do
(2)important, neceary, natural, strange a pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is suggested that we(should)hold a meeting next week.It is neceary that he(should)come to our meeting tomorrow.2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +(should)do
I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.31
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
He insisted that he(should)be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:
（错）You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错)I insisted that you(should)be wrong.(对)I insisted that you were wrong.3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.比较if only与only if
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pa me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.34
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
（对）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.36
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her bo, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
例1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
基础知识
1.单词和词组
have sports shooting horse-riding in modern times take part in gold hand in sailing exciting compete unusual prize
wrestling
Olympic Games athlete AD BC Greece
competitor competition Barcelona motto
swift medal Carl Lewis
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
Ball 2.日常交际用语：
Which do you prefer....or...? I prefer...to...3.语法：
学习由who/that/which(介词+which)/whom(介词+whom)引导的定语从句。
知识点精析与应用
1.单词和词组
(1)compete:v.—take part in a race,contest,examination,etc.(参加赛跑、比赛、考试等)竞争、比赛
e.g.①Some of the games in which the young men competed are running, jumping and wrestling.（青年男子参加的竞赛项目有赛跑、跳高和摔跤。）
②The two football teams are competing for the European Championship.（这两个足球队正争夺欧洲冠军。）
③The two girls competed with each other for the highest mark.（这两个女孩为取得最高分互相竞争。）
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
(2)prize:n—sth.(to be)awarded to one who succeeds in a competition;
sth.struggled for;worth struggling for;
奖品、奖金（比喻）奋斗争取的东西或值得奋斗争取的东西
e.g.①To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country.（承办一次奥林匹克运动会，对一个国家来说就是一份丰厚的奖品。）
②My sister won first prize for her singing.（我姐姐赢得唱歌一等奖。）
③In 1921 Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics.（在1921年，阿尔伯特＊爱因斯坦获诺贝尔物理奖。）
note: prize与reward区别
1)prize作名词用意为奖，因比赛或因某事受到赞扬而给予的奖励。
2)reward因为工作或服务受到的报答，或协助警方寻找或归还失物被给与的酬金。
e.g.A large reward is offered for the return of the ring.（找到戒指可得一大笔酬金。）
(3)in modern times—“times”means period of time,more or le definite.(often pl.)时代，时期(常复数)。此短语意为“在现代”
e.g.The first Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896.（现代首届奥林匹克运动会1896年举行。）
other example: in ancient times在古代
(4)take part in:have a share(in)
e.g.①Women were not allowed to take part in the games.妇女不允许
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
参加这些项目。
②Are you going to take part in the discuion?你准备参加讨论吗?
notes:1)take part in作“参与，参加”讲。part前无形容词时则不加冠词。若有，则需要加冠词a(an)。
e.g.①All of us took part in the sports meet last year.去年我们大家都参加运动会了。
②He takes an active part in many school activities.（他积极参加学校的许多活动。）
2)take part in,join及attend区别，汉语都可译成“参加”，但意思不同。
①join是指以平等地位“加入”到某一组织团体或人群中，并成为其中一员。
join sb.sth.—become a member of…
e.g.She joined the Young Pioneers.（她加入了少先队。）
②take part in是指参加到某一活动中去(如群众性活动、会议等)。
e.g.We should take part in the political activities.（我们应该参加政治活动。）
③attend是指参加、出席会议、聚会、讲座等。
e.g.attend a meeting,attend the concert,attend the lecture
参加会议也可说take part in the meeting
3)join in又可等于take part in
e.g.Will you join in the discuion?（你愿意参加讨论会吗?）
2.知识点测试
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
()(1)“Do you know what was wrong with her?”“_______tell you.”
A.I‘d not rather
B.I wouldn’t rather
C.I‘d rather not to D.I’d rather not()(2)Is this factory _______you visited last Saturday?
A.the one B.that C.where D.in which
()(3)We don‘t have physics on Tuesday,Thursday and Saturday.We have it _______.A.every other day
B.every three days
C.every day
D.every other days
()(4)_______number of books in our library is going up.A.Large B.The C.A D.A large()(5)It’s spring now and the weather is getting _______.A.warmer and warmer
B.warmest and warmest
C.warmer and warm
D.the warmer and warmer()(6)While we were walking along the river,we heard someone_______for help.A.shouting B.shout C.shouted D.having shouted
()(7)That day Tom hit Bob_______head.A.in the B.on the C.in Bob‘s D.on his
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
()(8)Mary’s been done a great wrong,_______her brother.A.so does B.also did C.so has D.so is()(9)Has all_______can be done_______?
A.what,done B.that,been done C.which,be done D.what,be done()(10)They decided_______their strike.A.to continue B.to go on C.to go with D.going on
()(11)He________the work of the Trade Union.A.joined B.takes a part in C.took an active part in D.joined to
()(12)He paid much money________the bank every month.A.to B.for C.in D.by
()(14)I ________50 yuan________this coat.A.cost,on B.spent,on C.spent,of D.paid,on
()(15)They________to carry out the______which had been made ten days before.A.decide,decision
B.decided,decision
C.decided,decisive
D.decided,decided
()(16)I shall________to help you in every way.A.do the best B.try the best C.do my best D.try a best
()(17)She didn‘t understand________.A.times of spirits
B.the time
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
C.the spirits of the time
D.the spirit of times()(18)He talled about New York ________he________there.A.as although,were
B.as though,had been
C.even though,were
D.even as,had been()(19)Praise makes good men________and________men worse.A.better,bad B.well,bad C.better,badly D.the best,the worst
()(20)They prefered________with them.A.she to go B.her not to go C.her going D.she not going
3.语法
(The Attribution clause)定语从句(Ⅱ)关系代语的用法。
关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中相关动词的后面。
e.g.①This is the room in which we lived last year.（=This is the room which we lived in last year.）
②Who’s the comrade whom you just shooked hands with?（=Who‘s the comrade with whom you just shook hands?）
note:(1)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
e.g.Is this the book which she was looking for?
(2)关系代词that在定词从句中作介词的宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中相关动词的后面。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
e.g.①The man that you were talking about has come to our school.②The room that she lives in is a large one.(3)当介词位于从句中相关动词的后面时，关系代词that,whom,which在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。
e.g.This is the room we lived in last year.4.定语从句练习。
()(1)Can you lend me the novel________the other day?
A.that you talked
B.you talked about it
C.which you talked with
D.you talked about
()(2)Please pa me the dictionary________cover is black.A.which B.which of C.its D.whose
()(3)The doctor ________stepped in.A.Della was waiting for him
B.whom Della was waiting
C.Della was waiting for
D.who Della was waiting
()(4)The two things___Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms.A.about which
B.which
C.with which D.on which
()(5)In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person__she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom
()(6)The room________there is a machine is work-shop(车间)。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
A.in which B.that C.which D.in that()(7)This is the person________you are looking________.A.which,for B.for,whom C./,for D.for,which()(8)All________has to be done is to practise every day.A.who B.that C.which D.what
()(9)The first leon________I learned will never be forgotten.A.that B.about that C.which D.what
()(10)I was the only one of the people in my office________invited.A.which was B.who were C.that were D.that was
答案
(1)-(5)DAABA(16)-(20)CDBAB
高一英语复习
一）、基本句型
(6)-(10)ABCBA
(11)-(15)CCCBB
1: S + V---主语是动作的发出者
2：S+V+O---宾语谓语发现问题的承受者
3：S+V+C-表语是对主语的补充说明
4：S+V+O+C-宾补是对宾语的补充说明
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
5：S+V+O+O-谓语动作有直接和间接（即人和物）两个宾语。
例句：
Mr.Green died(in the afternoon).I love you(very much).He became a lawyer(at last).I want you to study English harder(in high school).Lucy gave me a present(last year in the street).句子的基本特征：主
谓(动词)
上述五种基本句型都可加上状语：时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语、条件状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语等、程度状语。
二）、主语的归纳
1、位于谓语动词的前面
2、由名词（n）、名词词组、代词的主格或相当于名词的短语和句子充当。
名词：可数名词（1）单数：名词的原形
（2）复数：规则变化和不规则变化
名词词组：以名词为中心的词组，带有前置修饰语或后置修饰语
Eg.a big river;a map of China;a beautiful bird in the tree
三）、谓语（由动词来充当）
1.情态动词不可单独作谓语，助动词也不可单独作谓语
2.非谓语形式不可作谓语（不定式：to+动原；动词的-ing形式；过去分词）
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
3.谓语有时态和数的变化
时态： 一、一般现在时：谓语用动词的第三人称单数（-s，-es）或动词原形
表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态（能力、特征、性质、职务、身份、籍贯等）。常与always, usually, often ,sometimes ,every day等时间状语连用。如：
It often rains here.We are in Grade One.表示永恒的真理。
The sun rises in the east.When is the moon round?
表示按预告计划或安排的发生的动作。主要用于come , go, leave, start, begin, return等瞬间动词。句中常用表示将来 的时间状语。
School begins in September.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作。
Even if it rains, I will go tomorrow.二、一般过去时：谓语动词用过去式，即-ed或不规则变化
表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。与过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday, last week, in 1980, in the old days, the other day, just now.等。如
I called on my teacher last week.48
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
表示服从过去接连发生的一系列动作。
The boy opened his eyes for a moment , looked at his father, and then died.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示过去将来发生的动作。
He said he wouldn’t go with us if it rained.表示从过去某一时间考虑，已经预告计划或安排的发生的动作。
He told us that school started on the following morning.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast.三、一般将来时：（will +动原）
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与将来时连用的霎时间状语有tomorrow, next time, in three days等。如
I’ll go and see her on Friday.表示将来经常发生的动作动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.注意：其他一些表示将来时的方式。
①“be going to+动原”常用来表示已决定或安排要做的事，于表示必然或很可能发生的事。
It’s going to rain.此用法与瞬间动词进行时表示将来时的用法可交替使用，意义相同。
中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台
I am going to meet him at six.= I am meeting him at six.②“be to +动原”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要示即将发生的动作，还可表示注定要发生的动作。
The sports meeting is to take place on Sunday.③“be about to+动原”,表示“即将…；将要…”。
The film is about to begin.用be about to 时，不可再加时间副词。
④某些瞬间动词的一般现在时和现在进行时都 可表示预定的或即将要发生的动作。
The train is arriving.四、过去将来时：（would +动原）
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。
He said he would help me.注意：表示过去将来时的一些其他方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要用过去时形式。
五、现在进行时：（am/is/are +动词的ing形式）
表示说话时正在进行的动作，如
What are you doing there?
表示现阶段正在进行的动作的动作，但不一定说话时正在进行。
The population of the earth is increasing very fast.在时间、条件状语从句中代替将来进行时：
