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直接引语和间接引语的语法教学设计
徐登芳 积石中学
一、教学内容 Discovering useful structures
二、教学目标 使学生掌握直接引语变间接引语的方法
教师讲解：直接引语变间接引语
A 陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports.她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports.她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar leon once again,he said.他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar leon once again.他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）
B． 疑问句的间接引语
1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？
→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music.我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he.他问：你没去过北，是吗？
→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing.他问我是否去过北京。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether话号码吗？
→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.她问我是知道她的电话号码。
Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？
→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。
3．特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。He asked, How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？
→ He asked me how I liked it.他问我觉得它怎样。
She asked me, What's the matter with you 她问我：你怎么啦？
→ She asked me what was the matter with me.她问我我怎么啦。How many books do you have she asked.她问：你有多少本书？
→ She asked me how many books I had.她问我有多少本。
4.其它
英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。
①．suggest doing
Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael.迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？
→ Michael suggested going to the film tonight.迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。
What about having a drink he asked.他问：喝杯怎么样？
or 连接。
She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电 He suggested having a drink.他建议喝一杯。
②．advise sb to do
Why don't you go hiking asked James.詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？ James advised me to go hiking.詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。
③.offer to do
He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说：你要我寄信吗？ He offered to ost the letter.他主动提出寄信。
④．ask sb to do
Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me.她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？
→ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day.她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。
C． 祈使句的间接引语
1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。
She said to me, Please have a rest.她对我说：请休息一下。
→ She asked me to have a rest.她要求我休息一下。
Don't all answer at once, she said to the pupils.她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once.她叫学生不要齐声回答。
2．带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest +-ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。
Let's go for a walk, said the girl.那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。
→ The girl suggested going for a walk.这女孩建议去散散步。
The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the claroom.老师说：让莉莉整理教室。
→ The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the claroom.老师建议让莉莉整理教室。
D． 感叹句的间接引语
1．直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。
What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him.老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！
→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。
→ My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。
He said, How well you look!他说：你看起来气色多好啊！
→ He said how well I looked.他说我看起来是气色多好啊。
→ He said that I ooked very well.他说我看起来气色很好。
2．有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。
Help!he cried.他喊到：救命啊！
→ He called for help.他大声呼救。
What terrible weather it is!he said.他说：多么糟糕的天气！
→ He complained about the terrible weather.他抱怨这糟糕的天气。Happy Chrismas!he said.他说：圣诞快乐！
He wished me a happy Christmas.他祝我圣诞快乐。
设计意图：通过讲解强化直接引语变间接引语的方法。步骤三
学生活动：做课本上的练习1-2（p5）
设计意图：通过与课文有关的信息进行直接引语和间接引语结构强化练习。步骤四 语法知识总结及巩固
学生两人一组讨论本单元的语法现象，列出知识清单，请几组同学向全班报告他们总结的语法。老师点评各组，选出最完整正确的一组，并在此基础上总结出本单元的语法。然后完成句子填空、翻译等活动。设计意图：学生通过以上3个步骤的活动，对直接引语和间接引语结构有了一定的发现和感受，本步骤促使学生自己动脑筋思考、总结语法现象，然后老师进行总结和强化训练，巩固效果会更好。步骤五 课后作业
