口译UNIT 8 第八单元教案由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“unit8单元教案”。
UNIT 8 第八单元
Interpreting Numeration
数字口译
Unit Objective(单元目标)
After reading this unit you should
☆ understand the difference between Chinese and English numerations.☆ master the stenography of figures or numbers.☆ master the skill of figure switching.Warm-up(准备)
Two students are ordered to sit at the Interpreting Desk or Booth, acting as interpretors of the cla.Their performance is evaluated and graded by instructor.Theory of Interpretation VIII(口译理论八)
Instructor is to explain the First part, “Reading Prelude” of Unit 8 of the textbook.Students have been asked to read this part before the cla.数字口译：
一、中英两种语言在数字表达上的差异：
数字位数表达的不同
数字倍数表达的不同
数字单位表达的不同
二、数字的记录：
缩略语记录法
填空记录法 分节号记录法
三、多位整数的翻译
利用小数点
数字单位的缩略语
四、倍数的翻译
五、概数的翻译
Explanations:
掌握记录方法：采用自己熟悉的分节方式将转折数字记录下来，比如用 ’表示thousand，’’表示million，b表示billion, t表示trillion,或用“—”表示“000”等等(3,000,000可记录成“3 — —”或者“3，”).原则就是要方便并且不容易混淆。除了记下数字本身以外，更重要的是确保记住与数字有关的内容。听的过程中注意一些提示词汇.比如amount to, reach, equal to, increase by或者如volume, number, record等词, 这表明后面将有词汇出现.相关表达如下 :
达到 reach, total, number, total, peak at, be…in total 占%: account for, take up;constitute;make up
上升：rise, increase, climb, jump, skyrocket, augment, up 下降: fall, drop, decline, decrease, precipitate, down
稳定/波动: level out/off, remain stable, fluctuate, stand/stay at, to reach a peak
一些模糊数字的口译
几个——some;a few;several;a number of
十几个——more than ten;over a dozen;le/no more than twenty 几十个——dozens of 几十年——decades
十几岁——in one's teens
四十出头——a little/a bit over forty
五十岁左右——more or le fifty(years old);about fifty 近八十岁了——nearly/almost eighty(years old) 九十好几了——well over ninety(years old) 三天左右——three days or so
大约150米处——somewhere about 150 meters 好几百——hundreds of
成千上万，千千万万——thousands of 几十万——hundreds of thousands of 几百万——millions of
亿万——hundreds of millions of
倍数翻译
倍数翻译是一个很容易出错的问题，这是因为英汉两种语言均有众多的倍数表达法，很容易让人混淆。倍数翻译最根本的问题在于要搞清楚是否包括基数。汉语有一些句式包括基数，也有一些句式不包括基数，而英语则都包括基数。例如：
a.A is twice as tall as B.b.A is twice taller than B.这两种句式所表达的含义是一样的，也就是说，如果B是1的话，A就是2。两个句子都应该译成“甲的身高是乙的两倍”或者“甲比乙高一倍”。第一句话翻译起来一般不会有什么问题，但翻译第二句话却必须小心，因为如果把它译成“甲比乙高两倍”，那么，按汉语的表达习惯，A就会被错误的理解为3倍。1．
表示“甲是乙的两倍”
英语用twice as…as, twice the number/size/length of, to increase by 100%,以及double来表示。
例如：（1）
他们今年的产量是去年的两倍。/他们今年的产量比去年增加了一倍。/他们今年的产量比去年翻了一番。
a.Their output this year is twice as much as what it was last year.b.Their output this year is twice the amount of what it was last year.c.Their output this year is double what it was last year.d.Their output this year has doubled, compared with what it was last year.e.Their output this year has increased by 100% over last year.（2）
这辆车的价钱是那辆的两倍。/这辆车比那辆车贵一倍。
a.This car is twice as costly as that one.b.This car is twice the cost of that one.2．
表示“甲是乙的三倍”
英语用thrice/three times as …as, thrice/three times the number of;to increase by 200%,以及triple /treble 来表示。例如：
这幢楼是那幢楼的三倍高。/这幢楼比那幢楼高两倍。
This building is thrice/three times as high as that one./This building is thrice/three time the height of that one.3．
表示“甲是乙的四倍”
表示四倍，英语用four times/fourfold, 以及quadruple和 to increase by 300%。表示四倍以上的依此类推。例如：
到2000年，我国的生产总值将是1980年的四倍。/到2000年，我国的国民生产总值将在1980年的基础上翻两番。/到2000年，我国的国民生产总值将比1980年增加三倍。
By 2000, our GNP will have been four times/fourfold as much as it was in 1980.By 2000, our GNP in 1980 will have been quadrupled.By 2000, our GNP will have increased by 300% over 1980.我们现在的工资是十年前的五倍。/我们现在的工资比10年前增加了四倍。Our salaries are now five times/fivefold as many as what they were ten years ago.Our salaries are now five times/fivefold those ten years ago.我国要养活的人口是那个国家的7.5倍。
We have to feed 7.5-fold the number of people in that country.增/减百分比的口译
“增/减了百分之几”英语和汉语的含义一致，都表示净增或净减百分数。英汉增/减百分数的表示法有以下几种： 1)增/减了……%
increase/rise/grow…%/decrease/drop/fall/sink …%
increase/go up by …%/decrease/drop/fall/go down by …%
E.g.Between 1986 and 1987, Nike's sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果，从1986到1987年，耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了18%，利润下降了40%多。
E.g.spending on non-durables-----everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes-----rose 30% last year.去年非耐用品，从皂片、剃须刀到网球鞋的消费上升了30%。
E.g In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number between(the age of)25 to 34 fell 28 percent.在美国以农业为主要职业的人数1997下降到961，560人，比1992下降了8.7%，而年龄在25到34岁的人数下降了28%。
2)与……相比，增/减了……%
Increase/decrease/go down by /go up by …%(as)compared with /as against / as opposed to / over…
E.g.1999年，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了47.4%。
University and college enrollment in 1999 has increased by 47.4 percent over the previous year.E.g.同1997年相比，1998年工业排污减少了11.6%；家庭排污增加了2.6%。Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent, while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.3)增/减率
be …% increase/ rise /growth/ decrease/drop /decline…
an increase / a rise / a growth rate of / a decrease / drop / decline of … be …% up /down /be up / down…%
E.g.1999年，中国外贸出口达1949亿美元，比上年增长6.1%
China’s total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999, a rise of 6.1 percent over the previous year.E.g.1998年，中国全年海外游客入境人数6348万人次，比上年增长10.2%, 国际旅游收入达126亿美元, 增长4.4%。
In 1998, China received 63.48 million tourists from overseas, up by 10.2 percent.Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 million US dollars, up 4.4 percent.4)增/减具体数字的英译也可用 “by” +具体数字来表示
E.g.我国水土流失面积每年以10,000平方公里的速度在扩大。目前，水土流失面积已达367万平方公里,占总土地面积将近38%。
The area of soil erosion in China has been increasing by 10,000 square km.annually to 3.67 million square km.at present, accounting for nearly 38 percent of the total land area.E.g.由于低温多雨的影响, 我国夏粮减产1460万吨。
China's output of summer grain declined by 14.6 million tons due to low temperature and rainy days during the growing period.Memoria Technica(记忆法)
Listen to the following paage, and try to catch the key words and details, then retell them in your own words:
Romanticism
Romanticism was not a philosophy or a single coherent body of ideas but rather a “mood” that swept acro Europe in the decades after 1780, profoundly affecting art, music, literature, and religious and political thought.// Romanticism was a rebellion: against what the conventional middle-cla life, or against the forces of materialism, commercialization, and industrialism that were then rising in Europe.// Romantics sought escape: into art, romantic love, religion, or the quasi-religious worship of nature.// Sometimes Romantics sought escape into the past, through a new veneration of history and tradition.Even more frequently they sought escape into the future, through devotion to political and national causes that promised progre and fulfillment in a utopian tomorrow.// The French Revolution of 1789, for example, owed as much to the rising tide of romantic idealism as to the skepticism and social criticism of the Enlightenment.//
Stenography(口译笔记)
实战操练一：Part 2 of the Unit 8, Exercise 1.实战操练二：
我国幅员辽阔、资源丰富、劳动力低廉、消费市场潜力大。此外我们还有稳定的政治社会环境和优惠的投资政策。笔记 广 资 中：｛ 劳°↓ ｛ √invst ∏ 消 mkt 大
稳∏、& 环
实战操练三：
Stenographic practice on Exercise 2 of Unit 8 of the textbook..Seminar(研讨会)
In the last 20 minutes will be a cultural salon or seminar.Two or three students who have been asked to prepare a speech in advance on a given topic.Students will do the oral interpretation.Topic: Chinese Culture
Homework Aignments(课后作业)
I.Work on Text 2.1 in the third part in Unit 8 of the Textbook: “广州申亚财政与市场预测”.Task 1: Listen to the article and then start interpreting at the end of each segment.Task 2: Use the signs and abbreviations of Stenography to take notes while reading the article.II.Do Interpreting the following with the help of your study partner:
McDonald’s founders Dick and Mac McDonald started with their little drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California in the late 1940s.But McDonald’s today serves 38 million customers each day, of whom 20 million are in the U.S.A.It’s about 23,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries around the world.It’s one of the world’s great entrepreneurial organizations, with most restaurants worldwide run by a franchisee or affiliate partner of the company.It’s one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world, the other being coca-cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonald’s today.It’s a growing company, adding more than 2,000 new restaurants to their system each year.This means a new McDonald’s will open somewhere in the world every five hours of every day.It generates sales of more than $31 billion a year and earns net income of more than $1.5 billion annually.McDonald’s opened its first restaurant in Beijing on April 23, 1992.It’s the joint venture partnership between McDonald’s and the General Corporation of Beijing Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce.It took five years to establish the network of local farmers, manufacturers, and other suppliers to support the restaurant.QSC & V has been the foundation that built McDonald’s succe.QSC & V stands for the McDonald’s principles of Quality, Service, Cleanline, and Value.It’s McDonald’s busine philosophy ever since it came into being.Quality to McDonald’s means that they ensure their customers receive food products that are the result of the best ingredients, strict standards, and proven preparation procedures so that they will be safe, healthy, and great-tasting.Fast and friendly service has always been a foundation for succe of McDonald’s.They use service enhancement techniques to help to provide service that meets and exceeds their customer’s expectations.Cleanline has always been McDonald’s principle.This means having the cleanest and freshest facilities—from the kitchen and dining room to the rest rooms and parking lots.Value means low prices at McDonald’s.Today, value is defined as the total experience you receive for what you pay, and at McDonald’s, the total experience includes nice food, friendly folks, a clean environment, quick and accurate service—and fun!
Related words and Expreions
drive-in restaurant
免下车餐馆(顾客可坐在自己的车上进餐)
entrepreneurial organizations
企业团体
a franchisee or affiliate partner of the company
公司特许经营人或下属合作伙伴
the only soft drink supplier
唯一的饮料供应商 busine philosophy
经营哲学 best ingredients
最佳的配料
proven preparation procedures
经过检验的烹制程序 service enhancement techniques
提高服务的技巧 exceed their customer’s expectations
超额满足顾客的期望
Key for reference
二十世纪40 年代末, 麦当劳创始人迪克和麦克·麦当劳以在加州圣贝纳迪诺开的一家路边“免下车”小餐馆起家。如今的麦当劳每天已经拥有3800万顾客, 其中2000万在美国。麦当劳在全世界100多个国家约有2.3万家分店。它是世界大型企业之一, 其大多数国外分店都是由公司特许联营者或下属合作伙伴所经营。它是世界公认的最具实力的两大品牌之一, 另一个是可口可乐----麦当劳当今唯一的饮料供应商。麦当劳生意蒸蒸日上, 每年有2000多家分店加入麦当劳家族。这个数字意味着每天每五个小时就有一家新的麦当劳店开张。麦当劳每年的营业额为310多亿美元, 每年的纯利润超过15亿美元。1992年4月23日，麦当劳的第一家北京分店开始营业。这家分店由麦当劳与北京农工商总公司联合经营, 花了五年的时间才建起由当地农民、制造商和其他供货商组成的网络为其提供后勤保障。
QSC & V是麦当劳成功的基础。QSC & V代表着麦当劳的经营准则,它们是“质量、服务、卫生以及价值。”自从麦当劳创业以来, 这几点一直构成其经营理念。麦当劳的“质量” 准则就是: 确保顾客获得优质食品;这些食品由最佳配料制成, 有严格的标准;其烹制程序经过严格检验和许可,以确保这些食品的安全、健康和美味。
提供快捷和友善的“服务”一直是麦当劳企业成功的一大基础。他们不断提高服务水平来满足顾客的期望和要求。“卫生”一直是麦当劳的企业准则。这意味着拥有最清洁、最干净的设备----从厨房、餐厅、卫生间到停车场。“价值” 意指物美价廉。如今, 在麦当劳, “价值”的定义时:花钱消费后您的“总体感受”，包括优质的食品、友善的服务人员、清洁的用餐环境和快捷准确的服务----还有乐趣!
Feedback and Comments(反馈与评论)
Aims of this Unit:
Student’s Feedback:
Teacher’s Comments:
The candidate has met the standard, knowledge and skill requirements.Candidate:________
Date: ________ Aeor: ________
Date: _________
