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名词单复数教案
名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词
可数名词:可以用来计数的名词,有单数和复数形式,如:desk-desks, apple-apples等
不可数名词:不可以直接用来计数的名词,没有复数形式,只有单数形式,如:some bread,a little milk等
一、可数名词
1.可数名词复数的规则变化
1)一般名词变复数在其后面加s,如map→maps(地图)2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加es,如bus→buses(公共汽车),watch→watches(手表),box→boxes,dish→dishes(盘子)
3)A.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,如baby→babies(婴儿)
B.以元音字母+y结尾的词,直接加s,如monkey→monkeys(猴),holiday→holidays(假期),storey→storeys(楼层);
注意:以y结尾的专有名词变复数时,直接加s,如:two Marys, the Henrys 4)以o 结尾的名词变复数时:
A.表示无生命的加s, 如photo→photos(照片),piano→pianos(钢琴),radio→radios(收音机),zoo→zoos(动物园)
B.表示有生命的加es,如hero→heroes(英雄),potato→potatoes(土豆),tomato→tomatoes(西红柿)巧记:英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿。特殊:zero→zeros / zeroes。5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:
A.变f,fe 为v,再加es,如 half→halves(一半),knife→knives(刀子),wife→wives(妻子),life→lives(生命)巧记:小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用刀子(knife)和树叶(leaf)把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
B.加s的名词有: belief→beliefs(信念),roof→roofs(屋顶)特殊:如handkerchief→handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
Practice: 1.They come from different ______ A.country
B.countries
C.a country
D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A.tomatos
B.tomatoes C.tomato
D.the tomato 3.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes
B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box
D.knives…pencils-boxes 4._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos
B.Tomatoes
C.Tomato 5.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries
B.cherry
C.cherrys 6.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs
B.Foxes…wolfs
C.Foxes…wolves 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men woman---women goose---geese(鹅)注意:1)由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen,因为German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;由man 或 woman构成的复合名词变复数时,两个名词需要同时变为复数形式,如 woman teacher-wowen teachers, man doctor-men doctors 2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,jin,yuan,mu等。除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑等都有复数形式。如:two dollars, two pounds。3)表示“某国人”的复数变化规则
巧记:中日瑞士都不变,英法变,其他后面加s.Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Swi→Swi;Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen;German→Germans,Canadian→Canadians 4)“数词+名词”作定语时,这个名词保留单数形式, 要用连字符连接,例如:
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划
Practice: 1.They are______.A.woman teachers
B.women teachers
C.women teacher
D.woman teacher 2.Would you like _______ ,please?
A.two gla of water
B.two glaes of water
C.two gla of waters
D.two glaes of waters 3.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German
B.German, Germen
C.Germen, Germany
D.Germans, Germany 4.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes
B.photoes … heroes
C.photos … heros 5.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … graes
B.deers … gra
C.deer … gra 6.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle
B.bowls of noodles
C.bowl of noodles
要注意的问题:
1)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news 为不可数名词。
c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。2)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people,police,cattle 等本身就是复数,后面谓语动词用复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle 3)只有复数形式的名词 trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glaes眼镜,compaes圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子。traffic lights交通灯(一般有三盏,这样理解)sports(运动),做主语时,谓语动词用复数
4)the+ 姓氏复数表示一家人,如: The Greens like playing tennis.5)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
6)名词所有格
1)一般情况下,单数名词的所有格是在词尾直接加“'s”,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包;复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如men's room 男厕所;若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“ ' ”,如:the workers' desks工人的桌子。
2)表示两人或多人共同拥有某物时,只需在最后一个名词词尾加’s;表示两人或多人分别拥有时,各个名词词尾都需加’s John's and Mary's rooms(两间)
John and Mary's room(一间)3)表示时间,距离,国家,团体等无生命的东西的名词,也可+’s , 如,nine hour’s walk yesterday’s work 4)有些名词所有格表示诊所,家,店铺
如,at the doctor’s at Mary’s at the barber’s 5)无生命的名词所有格一般用of构成 如,a map of China the name of the city Practice: 1.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling
B.The Green, traveling
C.The Greens, travel
D.The Greens, traveling 2.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people
B.people C.peoples
D.the peoples 3.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples
B.oranges
C.rice
D.eggs
二、不可数名词
1)常见的不可数名词:advice, hair, homework, work,information, knowledge, money, news, progre,health,time,baggage(行李), change(零钱), furniture(家具)
2)不可数名词如何表示数量:通常用“数词+单位词+of”来表示。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
a piece of bread(paper(纸), cloth(布), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), , meat(肉))
a cake of soap 一块肥皂 a tube of tooth paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 当单位词可数,且前面的数词大于一时,单位词需要用复数形式,如two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸
3)有些物质名词单复数形式表示不同含义, 如,fruit 水果----fruits各种各样的水果,gla 玻璃----glaes眼镜,玻璃杯,paper 纸----papers 报纸;论文;试卷(a daily paper 日报),coffee 咖啡----four coffees四杯咖啡
可数名词和不可数名词的主谓一致问题:
1)可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
These pictures are very beautiful.这些画很美。
2)不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数“单位词”时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
Two cups of tea are on the table.桌上有两杯茶。
真题重现: