Lecture 8 名词性从句教案由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“名词性从句的教案”。
Lecture8 名词性从句Nominal Clauses
一、名词性从句的概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类。
无成分连接词：that,whether, if不充当从句的任何成分。
做成分的连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.做成分的连接副词：when, where, how, why.二、主语从句Subject Clauses 2.1主语从句的概念
主语从句是名词性从句的一种，在主句中作主语，由连词that,whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever;连接副词when, why, where, how等词来引导。连词that只起连接作用，无实义。Whether作“是否”来解。2.2 主语从句的结构
(1)主语从句+谓语，从句用正常语序，没有助动词;主句的谓语动词，一般用单数。That he was chosen made us very excited.Whether(or not)she will come to our party depends on her health.What they need is food and clean water.Who will be elected chairman remains a question.Which team will win the match is still uncertain.（2）It+is+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句：此结构中，由于主语过长，为保持句子平衡，用it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置。A.It is + adj.+that 从句
形容词常为：clear, abvious, likely, true, certain, strange, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, poible, probable….It is clear that their team will win.It is surprising that he made so many mistakes in the quiz.B.It+is+名词词组（commone knowledge, no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no
surprise ect.)+that„
It is an honour that she was elected representative of her team.It is no surprise that he failed the exam.C.It+be+过去分词（said,reported,pointed out, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, believed, known to all, etc.)that… It is said that she was born in a noble family.It is reported that the minister was shot dead in the head.该结构中，某些形容词、名词词组、过去分词、that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。常见的形容词/名词词组有：
eential(绝对必要的),important, advisable(明智的),desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的),natural, neceary, regretful, strange, proper, urgent, duty, a pity, no wonder(难怪)，a regret.It is strange that he(should)say so.It is important that the project be finished on time.It is no wonder that he(should)get so angry at it.D.It+seem(happen等不及物动词及短语）+that
It seems/happens/appears/matters/occurred to me that Mary is not coming today.E.It +doesn’t matter(makes no difference, ect)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.三、表语从句Predictive Clauses
表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后，用以说明主语的内容。可接表语从句的联系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。
1.主语为名词：fact, truth, cause, question, explanation, trouble, problem, aumption, belief及代词this, that, these, those, it等的表语从句。The fact is that he didn’t finish his homework last night.This is just what we need at present.That is where the problem lies in.That引导的表语从句时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省去。
What 引导的主语从句后的表语从句。
What I want to know is which dictionary I should buy.What 引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because.What she saw is that the boy was searching for something in the room.The reason why she was late was that her mother was ill.2.主语+look(seem,sound,taste,smell)as if/though+从句 All this was over twenty years age, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.I sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.You look as if you didn’t care.注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if可引导表语从句。
3.主语+look+as 从句：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.连词because, why 引导的表语从句。I think it is because you are doing too much.That’s why she got angry with him.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为(should)+动词原形。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea, opinion, view等。
My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.His proposal was that they(should)choose a chairman through election.四、同位语从句Appositive Clauses
同位语从句在复合句中作同位语，一般对主句中的抽象名词起说明和解释的作用。这些抽象名词有：fact, fear, belief, evidence,idea, news, doubt,proof, promise, reason, rumor, hope, truth, meage, conclusion等。这类同位语从句意义完整，不缺少句子成分，常用that引导（不用which),that在从句中不充当任何成分。
The news that our football team had defeated the rival team made the fans wild with joy.There is rumor that boy is the illegitimate son of the prince.连接代词who, what引导的同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.I have no idea what he is doing now.副词（how, when, where)和从属连词（whether)引导的同位语从句。You have no idea how worried I was when I heard that you had an accident.I have no idea when I can keep up with my clamates.We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.同位语从句与其中心词可被谓语动词等其他成分分隔，此时要能分清句子结构。The thought came to him that the enemy maybe had fled the city.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词如 advice, suggestion, request, motion, proposal, order, recommendation等后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形表示。Could you agree to our request that this(should)be setteld as soon as poible? What do you think of her proposal that we(should)make a play about this story? 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.同位语从句前面的名词只能是上述一些特定的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同）Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.（定）
2.同位语从句与其前的名词之间在逻辑上“主系表”结构的关系，而定语从句与其先行词之间是修饰与限定的关系。
We were delighted at the news that our Women’s Volleyball Team had won.——The news is that our Women’s Volleyball Team had won.The team that has won the game is China’s Women’s Volleyball Team.3.That引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略;that引导同位语从句时，仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，但不能省略，也不能用which来代替。
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同）The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.（定）
4.有些引导词如how, whether可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。That question whether we need it has not been considered.I have no idea how I can please my bo.五、宾语从句Object Clauses 1.主语+谓语+that从句
The boy dreamed that he was flying to the moon.1.1 常用于这种结构的动词有很多：say, think, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, feel, dream, hear, declare, imagine, wonder, know, mean, notice, prefer, report„
1.2 在表示请求、命令、建议的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，常见的有：command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest.He proposed that we(should)set a dead line for the complement of the plan.宾语从句
2.主语+谓语+wh-从句
We must find out who did all this.You may take what you want.此结构的宾语从句，实际上是一个陈述句语序的特殊疑问句，没有助动词。常用于这种结构的动词有：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover,understand, inform, advise„ 3.主语+谓语+whether(if)+从句
I want to know whether(if)he will join us this afternoon.I doubt whether he will succeed.I don’t know if you can help me.此结构的宾语从句相当于whether(if是否)+陈述句语序的一般疑问句，没有助动词。注意：if 和whether引导的宾语从句一般可以互换，但whether常与or not连用,if 一般不与or not 连用。
I wonder whether it is true or not.4.主语+be+表语形容词+从句
I am afraid that we are going to mi the train.I am not sure whether(if)they are doing their best.在该结构中，从句作形容词宾语，有的语法书认为是状语从句。用于这种结构的形容词有：afraid, angry, amazed, anxious, glad, happy, pleased, sad, satisfied, sure, surprised, ashamed, astonished, certain, delighted, disappointed… 5.介词宾语从句，宾语从句也可用做介词的宾语。I walked over to where she sat.There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measure.He laughed at what they said.a.连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。
He is a good student except that he is carele.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.You may rely on it that I shall help you.b.介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
C.作介词宾语时，只能用whether, 不能用if.Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.D.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，即带有复合宾语时，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.在使用宾语从句时应注意时态呼应
A.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。
He says his father is/was a teacher.I’m sure that you will succeed.B.主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句谓语动词一般须用过去时。用什么样具休的时态就要依从句的需要而定。I thought he studied hard.He said he was watching TV.They didn’t know when they would go to Beijing.She said she had finished the work.C.从句如果与某一具体的过去时间状语连用，尽管其谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，仍用一般过去时。
She told me that her father died in 1991.D.从句所说明的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine.
