书面表达常用句式结构错例分析教案_书面表达常用句型

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书面表达常用句式结构错例分析

英语句子结构(1)

一、“There be”结构

考生病句:

1.There are many people like to go to the movies.2.There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.正确表达:

1.There are many people who like to go to the movies.2.There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.评议与分析:

这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性,因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中,there是引导词,没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语,有时态和数的变化。例如:

There are many people rushing into the cities every year.There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.There is no use holding back the wheel of history.从以上例句还可看出,句中的主语后面可接多种修饰语,如介词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力,使句子表达内容更加丰富。在运用这一结构时,考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语,使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况,对此我们在写作中要格外注意.英语句子结构(2)

二、比较结构

考生病句

1.Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.2.The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.正确表达:

1.Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.2.The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.评议与分析:许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较,但相当多的表达有误。

在例1中,对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的过去分词,不能用现在分词,因为B是分词的逻辑主语,只能被比较。在例2中,考生误将“天气”与“城市”进行比较,而二者没有可比性,只有将后者改为“其他城市的天气”才符合逻辑,很显然,考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。

1.同级比较

In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.2.比较级

Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.3.最高级

This is the most interesting book I've ever read.4. the more…the more…结构

1)The harder you work, the greater progre you will make.2)The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.英语句子结构(3)

三、表达原因的结构考生病句:

1.The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.2.The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.正确表达:

1.The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.2.The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.评议与分析:

但令人遗憾的是,第一位考生不知道reason不与to搭配而应接介词for,第二位考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误,就是用because引起表语从句,because这个词不能引起表语从句,在本句中只能改用that才正确。

掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的,几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或可以写原因。尤其在大学英语四、六级考试、研究生入学英语考试以及TOEFL考试中,写作的文体基本上是议论文,而议论文的基本模式是摆事实、讲道理,讲道理就是说明原因。写作测试的文体决定了表达原因结构的重要性。

英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如:

1.Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.2.Profeor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progre.我们在进行写作训练的时候,不能满足于一知半解,要讲究书面语言的正确性和准确性。比如,because是最常用的引导原因从句的连词,语气最强,表示直接的原因,若because置于句首,后面的主句不能再用so。用as引导的原因从句语气较弱,所说明的原因是附带的,而since表示的原因暗示着是稍加分析之后才能推断出来的原因。

英语句子结构(4)

四、否定结构

考生病句

1.Some people think we needn't to worry about fresh water.2.Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, too.正确表达:

1.Some people think we needn't worry(或don't need to worry)about fresh water.2.Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, either.2

评议与分析:例句1 的错误在于该考生混淆了need作为情态动词和作为普通动词的用法。need作为情态动词时,主要用于否定句,后面的动词不带to, needn't worry,作we的谓语。need作为实意动词时,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句,don't need to worry 中的to worry作don't need的宾语。例句2的错误在于该考生混淆了too和either的区别,这两个词都表示“也”的意思,但是在英语中too, also只能用于肯定句,而either只能用于否定句。

在写作中,主谓不一致,名词单复数不分,动词时态语态滥用,常用词拼写错误比比皆是。这些严重地影响了思想的表达。考试实践表明,多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法,而是最基本的单句写作能力。英语句子结构(5)

五、含有it的结构

考生病句:

1.As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.2.It is known to us, practice makes perfect.正确表达:

1.It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.(或:As is known to all of us, science...)

2.It is known to us that practice makes perfect.(或:As is known to us, practice...)

评议与分析:很显然,两个考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主语,后面的主语从句必须由that引起;如果用as,则后面不能用that,因为as是关系代词,代表practice makes perfect。

It 在英语中是个相当活跃的代词,在写作中我们常要使用它。以下几种用法应熟练掌握,并能灵活运用。

作形式主语It is neceary for us to master a foreign language skillfully.作形式宾语

We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that.引导强调句It is only by this way that we can achieve succe.It was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.从语法结构来看,上述的句子都不难,或者可以说是考生相当熟悉的。然而在写作考试中,多数考生缺乏运用自己已掌握的句式的意识,而以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之。其实,只要能恰当地运用上述的任何一个句式,考生的作文就会出现闪光点,就会取得比较好的成绩。

英语句子结构(6)

不完全否定句 经典错句:

1.All the students don’t smoke.(所有的学生都不吸烟。)2.I don’t agree with everything you said.(我不同意你所说的话。)正确

1.None of the students smokes.2.I don’t agree with anything you said.继续欣赏

I don't want both the books.我不是两本书都要。

Both(the)windows are not open.两扇窗子并不都开着。

Not every book is educative.(或:Every book is not educative.)

不是每本书都有教育意义的。

This flower is not seen everywhere.这花并不是随处可见的。

特别注意

not…and…的否定式,被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如:

He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚但不正确。

This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

She cannot sing and dance.她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

如果将and 换成or,not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly.他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

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