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沈阳中考英语Peter高分教案系统 中考英语综合知识点归纳教案一
铁西区Peter精品高分英语家教：024-31688948 主编人：吴军在动词后作宾语(动宾): 1.宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？○ Do you know划线部分是动词know的宾语.2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语: ○
He asked me when we would leave.此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。3在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’s talk about ○
4在I’m sorry…, I’m afraid…, I’m sure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.○
宾语从句需注意的时态问题: 1主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。○（soon指将来，从句用将来时）
The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.（暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）I want to know who came here late this morning.（今早已过去，从句用过去时）2主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。○
He wondered if I would come.She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV.We thought Jim was wrong.3无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。○ 4宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。○（不是will you）
Do you know which sweater she is wearing?(不是is she)
充当宾语的句子
对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1.引导词 2.语序 3.时态 1.引导词 1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)He says(that)the boy is a lilltle weak in Chinese.2)疑问词引导的宾从
①.Do you know who will give us a talk? ②.I don’t know that is.③.Could you please tell we have to go to? ④.I wonder 此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do” ①.’t decided where =I haven’t decided
②.He asked = He asked me 类似短语：how to do _____what to say_____ what to do _____where to go____ 3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从 eg.①.―Do you like this book?‖ she asked me.=She asked me ___ I liked this book.②.―Have you visited the Great Wall?‖ Could you tell me? =Could you tell me _____ you have visited the Great Wall? 注意以下几点：
ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”
eg.I don’t know if he ______(come)if it ______(rain)tomorrow.ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况 1)后接不定式
eg.I can’t decide whether to go to Beijing.2)与or / or not连用 eg.I want to know whether you will go to the park or not.3)在句首时
eg.Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”
eg.Whether it rains or not, we are going to the park tomorrow.2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序
2.状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unle引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题：
1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unle(除非)，○
when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.（主句有情态动词）（情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时）I will go out as soon as it stops raining this afternoon.（主句是将来时）（主句是祈使句）
2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如： ○ My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句
1）when与while “短命”动词when “长命”动词while eg.1)I’ll tell her the good news _____he comes back.2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV 为止until:到才until:直到“长命”动词的肯定式2)“短命”动词的否定式
3)since:自从„„以来(since从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时 eg.1)He 2)It two years since her mother died.（二）条件状语从句：由if(如果)引导的从句 I will go to the park if it ________(not rain)tomorrow.注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换 1）祈使句，and(then , or)+简单句 = If you … , you …
1)Use your head, then you’ll find a way.=If you use your head, you’ll find a way 2)Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.2)without与条件句的转化 Man can’t live without water.=Man can’t live if there is no water.但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______(come)back.2)He won’t go to bed until he _________(finish)his homework.3)I’ll help you if I _____(be)free tomorrow
4)I ___________(live)here since I came to China.（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导的从句 He didn’t go to school because he was ill.注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why 2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用 Because he(A)ill,(B)he.（四）结果状语从句：由so… that引导的从句（so后接形、副原级）He(A)so(B)that I couldn’t catch up “so… that +否定句”与“too… to”的替换 1)He is so young that he can’t go to school.= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)2)He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him.= He ran too fast to catch up with.(主、从句主语不同)3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it = The box is too heavy.(注意carry后省去宾语it)“so… that +从句”与“enough to”的替换 1)He’s so strong that he can carry the box.= He’s strong enough to carry the box.2)The question is so easy that I can answer it 练 习
()1.We bought granny a present, ___ she didn’t like it.A.but B.and C.when()2.Be quick, ___ you’ll be late for the football match.A.so B.and C.or()3.You’ve done badly, ___ I can see you did your best.A.or B.but C.so()4.That was our first leon, ___ she didn’t know all our names.A.for B.but C.so()5.They didn’t pa the ball often enough, ___ they didn’t play together very well.A.and B.yet C.when()6.It was raining at that time, ___ they couldn’t go out for walk.A.because B.or C.so()7.Mary couldn’t go to school, ___ she was very ill.A.for B.before C.though()8.Go straight along the road, ___ you’ll find the hospital at the end of it.A.since B.and C.when()9.Take this medicine , ___ you will yet well soon.A.and B.but C.so()10.Either she or I ___ him at the airport.A.is to meet B.am to meet C.are to meet()11.The train hasn’t arrived ____.A.too B.also C.yet()12.You won’t go there, ___ will I.A.So B.Neither C.Also()13.You can take ___ this book ___ that book, but you can’t take ___ of them.A.either, or;all B.either , or;both C.not only , but also;both()14.The students had no water___ food then A.or B.and C.also()15.They were ___ weak ___ carry the heavy box.A.neither , nor B.both , and C.too , to()16.The books aren’t yours ___ ours.A.nor B.and C.but()17.Tom saves his money, ___ John spends all he gets.A.while B.or C.so()18.Excuse me, ___ can you tell me how to get to the park? A.and B.please C.but()19.He needs to have a rest, ___ he has worked for a long time.A.and B.but C.for()20.The policeman was ___ busy ___ holidays with his family.A.very , to spend B.too , to spend C.so , that()21.Neither Jack nor I ___ to the park.A.is going B.are going C.am going()22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could ___ read ___ write.A.neither , nor B.either , or C.both , and()23.Johm ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him.A.let him in , said B.didn’t let him in , said C.didn’t let him in , says
()24.I’m sure Li Ping is ___ in the claroom ___ in the library.A.either , or B.both , and C.neither , or()25.Don’t open the door ___ the bus ___.A.until , stops B.and , stops C.until , stop()26.Both his father and his mother ___ to Beijing.A.has been B.have been C.has gone()27.We’ll have a sports meeting if it ____ rain tomorrow.A.won’t B.isn’t C.don’t D.doesn’t
()28.I’ll let you know as soon as he ____.A.comes back B.will come back C.is coming back D.come back()29.I’m ___ busy getting ready for Christmas ____ I have no time to write to you.A.not, until B.too, to C.so, that D.neither, nor()30.This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better picture.A.or B.if C.though D.and()31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you ____ him tomorrow.A.met B.meet C.will meet D.have met 3.定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。（以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。）
She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted.（关系词作主语，不可省略。）（关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。）That boy is my brother.I own a bike.(关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为―这个孩子的‖；后句指物，译为―这个自行车的‖。）
.（指物, 作pay的宾语，可以省略。）I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet.（关系词译为―这个地方‖，主语，不可省）I prefer a place I can live a quiet life（关系词译为―在这个地方‖，是地点副词。）I shall never forget the day（―在这一天‖，是时间副词）
在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。
一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）, whom（作宾语）, whose（作定语）, which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）.2.关系副词when, where, why.注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg.The trees(that)we have planted grow well.2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived = This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that , who , whom , whose;先行词是物时用that , which;先行词是时间、地点时用when , where.eg.1)The boy Jim.2)Do you know the girl 3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？ 但注意区别who / that(指人)；which / that(指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况：
a.先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。b.there be句型中修饰名词时。c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyone 人放学后都要留下。2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.校门口有位想见你的女孩。
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon ? 昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？
2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：
a.先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时 c.先行词既有人，又有物时
d.主句是who / which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)Is there anything 事吗？
2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment.他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。
3)He talked about the teachers and schools 他谈论着他老师和参观过的学校。4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？
3.修饰物只用which的情况：
a.先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 b.先行词为that时 eg.1)This is the house.2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？ *
三、定语从句可简化为短语 1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。
2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the children playing there not to do that.3)The book that is on the table is mine.= The book on the table is mine.4)We have nothing that we should fear.= We have nothing to fear.练 习
用适当的关系代词填空：
1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years ago? 2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother.3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League.4.It is the house _____ I was born.5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired.用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分：
1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother.______________________________________ 2.This is a book which was written by a worker ______________________________________
由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式：前肯后否或前
否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）主语只能用人称代词；2）附加疑问句的not必须与（be /助/情）缩写；3）附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
eg.1)Tom is a work, isn’t Tom?(找错)_______ 2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______ 3)He had lunch, doesn’t he?(找错)________
1.陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little, never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外）
eg.They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。
eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________? 2)Everyone is here, ____________? 3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意： Let’s „ , shall we? Let us „ , will you?
4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t.eg.I must finish my work now, _________? 5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完成。eg.There’s little water, ___________
*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think, believe且主语是I , we时，即：I / We think(believe)+ 宾从，则附加问句应与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾从也是如此
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1)She said I did it, ____________? 2)We don’t think you are right, ________? 3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________? *7.I’m… , aren’t I?
eg.I am older than you, __________? 8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had better来回答。eg.You’d better go out , ___________? 9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。eg.1)What a kind girl, __________? 2)What a fine day, ___________? 练 习
()1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday, _____? A.didn’t you B.did not you C.had not you D.did you()2.Don’t eat too much, ____? A.will you B.don’t you C.do you D.can you()3.Lily looks like Lucy, ____? A.is Lily B.isn’t she
C.does Lily D.doesn’t she
()4.—You didn’t change your mind, did you---______.A.No, I didn’t B.Yes, did I C.No, I did D.Yes, I didn’t
()5.The woman hardly let her daughter go to school, ____ she ? A.does B.doesn’t C.did D.didn’t
()6.Be sure to come to the parents’ meeting on time, ____? A.will you B.aren’t you C.can’t you D.mustn’t you
()7.Let’s have a good rest, ____? A.will we B.do we C.shalln’t we D.shall we
()8.He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A.does he B.has he C.hasn’t he D.doesn’t
()9.Tom has supper at school, ___? A.hasn’t he B.has he C.doesn’t he D.does he
()10.There is little water in the gla, ___? A.isn’t there B.isn’t it C.is it D.is there
