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The catcher in the rye The Catcher in the Rye is a novel written by J.D.Salinger.J.D.Salinger becomes one of the most prominent Post-World ii American novelists,The catcher in the rye narrates a series of picaresque adventures of a sixteen-year-old boy in the New York for three days.The protagonist Holden Caulfield became a quite legendary character, and his awarene of adolescent is just like the most sensitivity young Americans.After Post-World War, more and more young people faced on the main-adolescence growing up crisis in the America.During adolescence, boys and girls go through the biological, psychological, and social changes neceary to prepare themselves to meet the challenges of becoming adults.Someone explains it more exactly, “adolescence is a proce of achieving the attitudes and beliefs needed for effective participation in society.” But, they didn‟t suit the changes from young to the marital adult.Holden is such kind of adolescent;he fails in school uses vulgar expreions, gets drunk… He may be thought to have some vulgar or not very high moral standards.These common characteristics of teenagers may not match the idealistic conception of adolescents.On one hand, Holden finds the innocence of children and wants to be a protector of the innocence;on the other hand, he must be growing up and gets into the dilemma between the childhood and the adulthood.He refuses the traditions of school in which they just 3 focus on educating people materialistically, but lacking depth.His loneline and rebellion result from his conscious refusing of the false conventions and phonies that surround him.However, no matter hoe repellent Holden is, he is not to overthrow society.So at the end of the novel, the red hunting hat can‟t stop the pouring rain;Holden has the wet clothes.Holden must be inevitably going back under the help of Phoebe.6 would stay away from children for their whole lives, and that they would retain their honesty and naivety.Children are different from adults in many aspects.Children are naïve and pure.They have not yet learned the phonine and pretense, while which are the adults‟ common characters.To Holden, growing up means to enter the world where phony is everywhere.He is so reluctant to enter the adult world, for he can not find his role he likes.He yearns for pure childhood, and he does not want to be into adulthood.He rejects all practice that marks initiation into adulthood.So Holden finds various means to protect his adulthood from world‟s influences.He makes great effort to catch his innocence.As Holden himself says, “certain things they should stay the way they are”.(Salinger, 128)C.His Escaping from the Reality I keep picturing all these little kids playing some in this big field of rye and all.Thousands of little kids and nobody‟s around—nobody big, I mean—except me.And I‟m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff—I mean if they‟re running and they don‟t look where they‟re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them.That‟s all I‟d do all day.I‟d just be the catcher in the rye and all.I know it is crazy, but that‟s the only thing I‟d really like to be.(Salinger, 179-180)From this monologue above, Holden is a constant character in the story, his attitude toward life results from his attitude toward himself.His low self-esteem causes him to try to run away from life and from reality.When life is presented to him as a game with rules, he breaks the rules and leaves the game.He‟s a person who refuses to accept reality and tries as much as he can to grasp childhood.He always wants to protect children‟s purity and innocence.(Claro)Through out the novel, Holden inceantly mentions how things depre him.Everything from the way people act, to how things are in nature, brings him down.Holden‟s behavior revolves around his depreion.He does not try to pa his claes 7 in school, as well as he does not try to be overly social.He hates the way that people can be so phony, yet he himself can also be called one.Holden tries to put up a front to hide his depreion.He acts the way that he thinks people want him to act.Holden enjoys „shooting the bull‟ with people.This is because it is the only way that he can have a conversation with someone without revealing his depreion.(Claro)III.Causes of Holden’ Refusal to Grow up A.The Modernization of American Society Holden‟s plight represents the plight of young people of his contemporary: they are neither under the sanctuary of the nature gods, nor guidelines from the elderly.He dreams of going to the west, living by the lake, asking her sister Phoebe to stay in his place in summer holidays, Christmas and Easter, if his brother D.B.is looking for a comfortable, quiet place to write, he can go to his place, too.In Holden‟s ideal dream of the west, there are full of nature, tranquility, comfort.But he ultimately was not able to escape from city.Holden‟s experience reflects that the modern western civilization spreads on a large scale.(Bing, 137)According to this novel we can see that Holden is faced with a criminal and inhuman world.His living condition is just like that of Hamlet, who is standing in front of a world about to collapse.He was deceived by the world of supremacy of material.The American society, in which Holden lives, is no longer like the society Thoreau or Adams live, because now it is a modern, complex, urbanized and alienated society.People are surrounded generally by the hypocrisy, indifference, impudence, and decadence.Through the eyes of Holden, Salinger presents not only the living context of the hero but also a scary, disgusting adult world.The basic features of the world are shamele hypocrisy, and this is Holden hates most.(Huang, 93)This novel is known for his autobiographical details that are transplanted into a post-World War II setting.This novel reflects American adults‟ lack of enthusiasm 8 for helping and guiding the adolescents.Thus, this kind of society causes mental anxiety and distre to teenagers.(Yang, 551)Under the influence of the War, American people have changed not only in their looking but also in mind.Though they are rich in material life, they become spiritually empty and , what‟s worse, they are psychologically unbalanced.They have also lot their values of moral standard.This is the environment or background in which Holden lives.(Fu)B.His Isolation from Society Holden‟s isolation is as a form of self-protection and not wanting people to know the real of him.I am pretty sure that Holden‟s alienation is the cause of his most unhappine.He never seems to addre his own emotions, nor does he attempt to discover the reasons for his own troubles.He greatly needs contact and love with other humans, but his protective wall of bitterne keeps from seeking that.For example, his loneline makes him to have a dire to date Sally Hayes, but his wanting for isolation leads him to drive her away.Holden explains, “The best thing, though, in the museum was that everything always stayed right where it was.Nobody‟d move…Nobody‟d be different.The only thing that would be different would be you.” Holden also mention he wishes he could live in: “the catcher in the rye” fantasy, a world where nothing ever changes, where things are simple and understanding.Holden‟s character hates challenges and conflict.He fears interaction with people around him.(Salinger)He deplored that he has lost his childhood, at the same time he refused to be a role of the adult world;this is the typical Holden code confusion and pain.But he has been unable to return to Childhood, while fears of entering a false hypocritical adult world.He lost between the two worlds.Moreover, disturbing for him, he realized that he had been tarnished by adult world.Therefore, in order to prevent these simple and 9 pure children from repeating his tragedy, he is willing to stand on the edge as a catcher.(Huang, 100-101)IV.Conclusion The analysis above reveals that Holden represents the lonely and lost American youth.He is at odds with the adult society, and he refuses to grow up because he thinks that the adult world is phony.He treasures innocent childhood, so Holden wants to be the catcher in the rye.In a word, this resulted from the American post-war influence and his intended isolatio
