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Xingcheng city Xingcheng ancient city is located in the xingcheng city, it is one of the 4 best preserved ancient city of Ming dynasty.It was founded in 1430, at that time it is called ningyuan acropolis, in qing dynasty it is renamed ningyuan zhou city.This city was destroyed in an earthquake in 1568.in 1623, this city was rebuild again by a officer named yuanchonghuan who lived here.Apart from what we see now, there are a lot of bunkers, defensive wall, and some small sized besieged cities together with some other military equipments, all of these formed a big and complete military defensive system, in the late ming dynasty, it has developed into an important city outside shanhaiguan.As it has experienced a long time, some small cities around it do not exist now, there are only some relics for people to read the history of it.The inner city were repaired several times and now it remains basically unchanged.the ancient city used to be an important acropolis city, it has seen the development and decline of Qing dynasty, with 580 years went by, now it come to life again.It is titled as the national heritage conservation units, the national scenery spot, the 4-A cla tourist attraction.It now has developed into a important tourist resort in northern China.now, we’ll go and visit it.This ancient city is a square city, which is quite rare in our country.The circumference of the city is 3348m, 844m from north to south, 830m from west to east, 8.5m high, and the bottom is 6.65m wide and the top is 4.5m wide.The surface of the wall is piled by green bricks with big stone inside.At the bottom there lays 3 layers stone as the base and spread green brick on it.On the four sides of the wall there is a similar gate.And on the gate there is a two layers arch on it, outside the gate there is a half rounded barbican.On the 4 corners of the city, there built a square emplacement which is used to put the cannon.The cannon we see now, is just the duplication of the real one.In the ningyuan campaign in 1626, yuanchonghuan lead the ming army to defend the attack of qing army, the cannon hit nuerhachi and he was seriously wounded, the qing army then left, on their way back to shengjing, he was dead.Now, walk in this city, you may still experience the atmosphere of the war about 300 years ago.The cro road in the city divided this city into 4 parts, in the center of the city it stands the bell and drum tower.There used to be many temples here, now the best preserved is the Confucian temple in the southeast, the city god temple in the northwest, and the temple of the ancestors.However, the general residence of yuanchonghuan is not what it look like in the ancient time.This is the south gate of the city, it is named the yanhui gate.On both side of the gate there is a barbican.This is easy to get in but difficult to get out, it is used to protect the city.Once there has a door on the left side of the barbican, now it is opened so it would make the transport here more convenient.On the south east of the city, there is a dipper tower.It has once be destroyed in a war and later it is rebuild again.The dipper is one of the 28 stars in the sky, and this star can command the knowledge, once the dipper god point some one’s name, he or she would do quite well in his or her study.This tower has 2 layers, with 8 sides and 8 corners, inside the tower there build a sculture of the dipper god.One of his foot was raised, one hand handle the dipper another handle a pen, just as if he is pointing some one’s name.This street is the yanhui street, on both sides of the street are the shops dealing with kinds of articles, the architecture here is not high, the majority of them are only one or two layers.The 2 stone gate way stand in this street were just like 2 beautiful melody that they bring you the atmosphere of the ancient time.Both of them were made of wood, the columns is high while the gate way is small.The south one is the 忠贞胆智 tower of 祖大寿, this tower was built in 1631, the local called it as the first tower here.Zudashou use it to boost his loyalty to the emperor, it is made of grey granite, it is 9m high and 12.9m wide.On the top of the south, there is a granite sculpture of the elephant, as elephant can bring lucky to people.In the middle of the tower, there is a plaque, which means the emperor admits it.It is said that zudashou has betrayed ming but he still cheat the ming government, as he is really powerful at that time, the emperor had no idea but admit him.Below the plaque there is a 3 layers coffin, the top one carved zhongzhenzhidan which means zudashou is quite honest and brave.The second one cared his title, it suggest that his family would all be very promising, the bottom one carved gaozeng, means that this is given by the emperor, on the north side of the tower there are also the same decoration there, the only different is the first coffin in the north was carved 郭清只列，this is praise zudashou’s achievement in the war.On the column there carved relief sculpture, it use the war as the theme, and tell people some stories happened in the war, there are also some animals and plants carved there.This is the zudayue stone gateway, he is the cousin of zudashou, this gateway is called the second geteway here.It is founded in 1638, 11.5m high and 13m wide.Here also set 3 layers coffins here, the top layer caved登坛骏烈, means that he will enter the government and achieve a lot.The middle layer carved his title.On the column there write a couplet which means the honor he got by the emperor is quite high.On the north side of the gateway, the top layer coffin carved 元勋初次，means this is only the beginning of his luck.The couplet on the column means their family’s good luck is due to the kindne of their ancestors.Their achievement will praised by the later people.Although these gateway have experienced more than 300 years, it is still preserved quit well.In the middle of the city there is a drum and bell tower, this tower was founded in 1454, 17.6m high, decorate with green bricks.The tower’s shape is in square, on each side there is a door.On the tower there is a two layers attics, with gallery around it.This tower is used for alarming in the war time.Now it has be used as a cultural display hall, hundreds of cutrual was displayed here, such as the giant leather drum whose diameter reaches 2.25m The confusions temple is located in the south east of this city, it is founded in 1430, covers an area of 16800sm, it is the biggest one in liaoning, and it is also the best preserved articulates complex in the city.In 1988, it has been listed as the provincial culture preserve unit.On the south, east and west, there are discontinue steles.This shows people’s respect for Confucius.This temple is 200m long and 84m wide.It is made up of 3 yards.Now we’ll pa the door to visit this temple, this door is called 玉粹 door，means that the confections is the eence of Chinese culture, the door opposite is named 观德 door, means that it would do good to us to learn his knowledge.The two door are in the same size and same model.The door in the north is the lattice door, people used to think the lattice star is the art star, confucioius is the lattice star.When offer sacrifices to Confucius only the number one scholar can open this door, so it is called the scholar door.Paing the door, this is the second yard of the temple.There built pavilion and the moon door on both sides.On the south there are two dragons and on the north there are two phoenixes.The room in the east is the change room, in both spring and autumn people would come here to offer sacrifices to Confucius, this room is used for them to wash, change and rest.The left room is used to store veels.This bridge is also named the scholors bridge, and the diameter of the lake is 13m, there are handrail around it, the road of this bridge is divided into 3road , the left, right and middle, the road in the middle is used for the scholores.After paing the bridge, you can see the main building 及门，it is a palace in fact.On the east of the jimen, there is the ancestor temple, inside of it, there put some memorial tablet of those people who has made contribution to the development of the city.In front of the temple, there is a pine tree grows on a parasol tree, they all grow quite well, this two kind of plant can not graft nor plant together, even the botanist thought this is a myth.On the west of the jimen, it is the 乡贤 temple, it also put the memorial tablet of some celebrities.Now, this is the third yard.The pine tree grows quite luxious here, this splendid palace is the 大成palace, it is found on the base of 1m high, inside the palace, there set Confucius tablet, on both sides of it, there are tablet for other sages.With bronze utensils laid on the desk and some instrument laid aside, it create a solemn atmosphere, the placke was write by emperor kangxi, there also hang other 8 emperors of Qing’s plaque.On the north of the dacheng palace, there is a chongsheng temple, inside the temple there were put the tablet of ancestors of confusions.the room on the east of the yard, there has a display of some stories about confusions and the west show something about the ancient Chinese education system.
