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Genetics Final Examination 10 1.The eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell, its basic structure and function CH: Biochemically important organic compounds(overview, functions);structure of carbohydrates and lipids GB: Bacterial genetics
HE: Methods of study of cells and tiues
2.Chemical composition of the cell(chemical bonds, molecules macromolecules)CH: Chemical bonds – formation, types, description, examples of the bonds in the structure of biochemically important compounds(e.g.proteins, high energy compounds)
GB: Biochemical screening, cytogenetic methods
HE: Histochemistry and cytochemistry, detection methods using antibodies, targeted pharmacotherapy
3.Catalyzers of reactions taking place within cells
CB: The role of protein kinases in cell signaling
CH: Enzymes and vitamins – structure, claification and importance of enzymes, the relationship of vitamins to enzymes;enzyme kinetics GB: Genetic disorders of metabolism – examples of AR heredity HE: Functional types of epithelial cells
4.Exertion of energy in cells CH: Free(Gibbs)energy, endergonic and exergonic reactions, chemical equilibrium;high-energy compounds(examples, structure, formation, importance in the metabolism)
GB: Major modes of nutrition of prokaryotes HE: Intracellular transport, cilia and flagella
5.How do cells gain energy from food – I Carbohydrates CH: Transport of glucose into the cell, glycolysis, synthesis and degradation of glycogen, gluconeogenesis
GB: Diabetes(type II)as an example of polygenic heredity HE: Brush border, endocytosis, pinocytosis, cell inclusions I: Phagocytosis as a mechanism of immune reaction
6.How do cells gain energy from food – II Lipids CH: Blood transport of lipids;beta-oxidation, synthesis of fatty acids, synthesis and degradation of triacylglycerols;ketone bodies GB: Atherosclerosis as an example of polygenic heredity HE: Lipocytes of the white and brown fat tiues
7.Proteins, structure and function(shape and structure of proteins, how do they work) CB: Proteomics
CH: Proteins – structure, physicochemical properties, functions in the cell GB: Mutations as a cause of genetic diseases and tumors
HE: Cells exporting proteins, types of secretion, glands, histochemistry I: Immunoglobulins, structure and function
8.DNA , replication and reparation CH: Structure of purine and pyrimidine bases;nucleosides and nucleotides GB: Morphology of chromosomes, karyotype, numerical chromosomal abnormalities
HE: DNA and chromatin in the light(LM)and electron(EM)microscopy
9.The nucleus, chromatin, and chromosomes CH: Comparison of the structure of DNA and RNA
GB: Structural chromosomal abnormalities, chromosomal changes in tumors HE: Cell nucleus as depicted with LM and EM
10.From DNA to proteins(from DNA to RNA, from RNA to proteins, RNA and the origin of life) CB: Transcription, RNA, splicing, alternative splicing, translation, and ribosomes
CH: Amino acidsdefect of phenylalanine hydroxylase, familiar hypercholesterolemia – defect of LDL receptors, hemolytic anemia – defect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(describe the metabolic function of the proteins)
GB: Mendelian principles, gene linkage, gene interactions
HE: Distribution of genetic information in mitosis and meiosis, the role of maternal and paternal genes in embryogenesis
36.Ecology(global ecological problems)CH: Lipoproteins – transport and metabolism
GB: Human ecology, work with laboratory animals HE: Sampling and proceing materials for histology
37.Molecular biology of viruses(constitution, structure of the genome, interaction with the host cell)GB: Genetics of viruses, prions HE: EM detection of viruses
38.Population genetics 39.Detoxification procees, principles of genotoxicology CH: Common reactions of biotransformation of xenobiotics GB: Methods used in genotoxicology HE: Detoxification apparatus of the cell
40.Prenatal and postnatal diagnostics of hereditary diseases CB: Molecular diagnostics of hereditary diseases GB: Genetic counselling
HE: Development of the amnion and chorion
