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鸽子
It's not my pigeon.＝None of my busine.不关我的事。
★meagen.（口头或书面的）信息
Here is a meage for you from your sister.an oral/written meage 口信/便条 leave sb.a meage给„„留便条I'll leave you a meage.take a meage for sb.替某人捎口信 take a meage to sb.给某人口信Can I take a meage for you?/ Can you take a meage for me? 你能替我捎个口信吗?
打电话 :
Hello!--‡May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?
--‡Can you take a meage for me?
informationn.信息（不可数）meengern.送信人，信使
★coverv.越过；覆盖
① vt.盖，覆盖
Snow covered the whole village.She covered the child with a coat.她给孩子盖了件外衣。
② vt.行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）
cover+距离越过„„You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.③ n.覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子
Put a cover on the box!
★distancen.距离
keep distance保持距离
distantadj.远距离的Can I share this table? Can I join you?
Importance n.重要important adj.重要的 difference n.不同differentadj.不同的★requestn.要求, 请求
① n.request for对„„有请求, 有需求 I have a request for the cake.He granted my request for more time.他同意了我延长时间的请求。She sent a request for help to Gary.她向加里请求帮助。
② v.要求, 请求
request sb.to do sth.＝ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做„„
require sb.to do sth.要求某人做„„
You are required/asked to do sth.（对人要求习惯用被动语态）
★spareadj.备用的① vt.抽出（时间等），让给
Have you got five minutes to spare? I cannot spare the time.I have no time to spare.② vt.饶恕，赦免
The robbers spared his life.‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.③ adj.多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的You can sleep in the spare bedroom.Where can I get spare parts for this machine? I have no spare time now.‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.★servicen.业务, 服务
service 作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。
The service in that hotel is quite good.You have done me a great service.service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：the mail service（邮政业务）、the telephone service（电话业务）；也可指办这些业务的机构，如：a travel service（旅行社）、a news service（通讯社）。
At your service.= Glad to be at your service.= I am glad to be at your service.我很乐意为您效劳.serve v.服务, 接待
——Thank you.——You are welcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That's(all)right./That's ok.(绝对正确, 绝对过时)/(It's)My pleasure.(我很高兴这么做, 把自己放得很低, 把对方抬得很高)
Thank you for your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念（应以鼓掌回应）情急之下, 可用No thanks.回答
——Sorry.——No sorry.【课文讲解】
1、Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.garage n.车库, 车行（英美读音不同）another(+单数名词)其它的很多个中的一个，Can you show me another?
other(+名词)adj.其它的(可加单/复数名词)the other 两个之中的另外一个one„the other„一个„„另一个„„
One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading.others(不用再加名词)= other +名词复数
Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).2、Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr.Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.介词from在这里表示距离上相隔，作“距„„”、“ 离„„”讲，常与away连用 It is far(away)from here.Bus stop is only one mile from school/here.Bus stop is only one mile(away).She has been away from home for 5 days now.How far...?多远（对距离提问）How far(away)is the bus stop?
How far is your home(from here)? My home is ten miles away from here.get a telephone得到电话, 安装电话
3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first meage from Pinhurst to Silbury.carryv.带着, 携带（其强调所携带的东西不会着地）
I carried my son.（背或抱着）I carry the bag.takev.带着 I take my sister to the cinema.from„to„表示从一个地方到另一个地方
He looked at the girl from head to foot.The news spread from house to house.家家户户都得知了这条消息。
4、The bird covered the distance in three minutes.cover the distance飞过那段距离
5、Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent meages from one garage to the other.up to now =up till now到目前为止，到现在为止(作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时，相当于until/till now)Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.request for对„„的需求
a great many(+可数名词复数)许多„„ a great many可以做形容词短语：
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.也可作代词短语： He has read a great many of the books in this room.a great number of(+可数名词复数)许多„„
urgentadj.紧急的something urgent紧急的事情
【Key structures】
一般过去时与现在完成时
在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的 now，just或者for 引导的一段时间，或者不加任何时间状语。一般过去时与现在完成时的共同点：动作在过去都做过了；区别：过去式只能强调过去的事,和现在没有任何关系.I ate a piece of bread.现在完成时, 强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响.I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry.The clock stopped.陈述事实 The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响 It snowed yesterday.It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响
【Special Difficulties】
带way的短语
in the way按照，以„„方式
Do your work in the way I have shown you.按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。I do the work in the way you showed me.I fly the kite in the way you showed me.in the/one’s way挡路；妨碍（某人）
Sorry, you are in the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)Don’t stand in the way.I can’t see the blackboard.in this way这样,以这种方式
He saves old envelopes.In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.in a way从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上
In a way, you are kind.in a friendly way 用友好的方式
in the family way 怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)
The woman is in the family way.by the way随便说一声, 随便问一下(插入语，改变话题时用)
By the way, have you seen Harry recently?
on the/one’s way(to)在去„„的途中(陈述句):
on the way to school/the office；on the way home
out of the way让路
Get out of the way!你给我滚出去!get one's own way随心所欲(at one’s pleasure)Children get their own way during the holidays.关于系动词 : 一般来说,如 be become一定不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语, 我们称它为系动词.但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词, 常见的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词.乞丐
begv.乞求 I beg your pardon?
beg for乞求得到 ask for请求得到（ask sb.for sth.向某人索要某物）★foodn.食物（不可数）
a lot of food
★pocketn.衣服口袋
inner pocket内口袋；jacket pocket夹克的口袋；coat pocket大衣口袋pocket book 袖珍书；pocket dictionary 袖珍词典 pocket pick 车上的小偷pocket money(小孩的)零花钱 change零钱
get exact change准备好正确的零花钱 beer money(男人的)零花钱★callv.拜访, 光顾
① vt.&vi.叫，喊
I heard someone calling.call out =shout大声喊
② vt.呼唤，召唤
Lucy is sick.Please call a doctor.③ vi.访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠
Amy called(at our house)yesterday.The train calls at large stations only.这列火车只停大站。
call on sb.拜访某人
I will call on you.我要去你家。
call at+地点＝visit someplace拜访某地
I will call at your home.我要去你家。
④ vt.&vi.打电话
call sb =call up sb.给某人打电话 call back回某人电话
Can you take a meage for me? =Can you tell him to call back?
call in sb.招集和邀请某人 For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.【课文讲解】
1、Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.★knockv.敲门
① vi.敲门
I knocked, but no one answered.knock at敲（门、窗等）knock at the door；knock at the window② vt.&vi.碰撞
You always knock things off the table.你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning.今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。She has knocked a cup over again.她又碰倒了一个杯子。③ vt.把（某人）打成„„状态
He knocked Tom out yesterday.他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。
④ 与off连用时有一些特殊含义，一般用于口语
vt.（价格上）减去，除去，打折扣
They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.The shop aistant knocked 10% off the bill.（He reduced the price by 10%.）
vi.下班，停止，中断（工作等）
When do you usually knock off?你一般什么时候下班？ He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven.他十一点半休息吃中午饭。
2、He asked me for a meal and a gla of beer.ask(sb.)for sth =request for sth.问某人要什么东西
（for 为了这个目的去请求某人, sb.更多的时候不出现, ask for sth.）The boy asked(his parents)for money again/once more.3、In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.in return for this作为对„„的回报，作为交换（this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情）I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.（hospitalityadj.热情）
in return作为回报
You lent me this interesting book last month.In return(for it), I’ll show you some picture books.In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.He doesn't want anything in return.他不想得到任何回报
stood on his head 倒立 stand on one's hands 用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)stand on one's knees跪着, 膝盖
lie on one's back 仰面躺着 lie on one's side 侧躺 lie on one's stomach趴着
4、Later a neighbour told me about him.介词about可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于„„（的）”、“ 涉 及„„（的）”Please tell me about the accident.tell sb.about sth.告诉某人某事（about关于, 通过其他事自己得出的结论）tell you about him tell you about the word解释这个单词的意思tell sb.sth.告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)tell you the newstell you the word直接告诉这个单词
5、Everybody knows him.everybody作为主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词
所有不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebody，anybody，everything等
6、He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a gla of beer.calls at光顾，拜访
in the street（英国）/on the street（美国）
once a month一个月一次, 单位表达方式 onceadj.表示每„„一次（表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词）, 计量单位“/”（每„„）five kilometers an hour.He goes back to the South once a year.【Key structures】
A, The and Some 当表示不确定的某个人或物时，用不定冠词a/an（单数, 可数名词）；当表示不可数的名词时，则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组。在表示一种笼统概念（某某一类/一种东西）的陈述句中可以省略a和some
A tiger is a dangerous animal.Tigers are dangerous.Salt is neceary for/to us all.表示某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物，则要用定冠词 the（有时相当于
this/that/these/those）,可数名词单/复数或不可数名词均可。在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。
a和the的区别：a是泛指, a man；特指, the man
在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the
A man is walking towards me.The man is carrying a parcel.The parcel is full of meat.I have just drunk a gla of milk.Milk isvery refreshing.I ate an apple.Apples are delicious.She always buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个”，加不定冠词 a.a Mr.Zhang张先生这类人
【Special Difficulties】
短语动词 :某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词
putv.放 put on穿上，戴上
takv.拿走 take off脱掉，摘掉
lookv.看 look at看；look for寻找；look after照顾；look out当心；look out of向外看
callcall at；call on；call in；call back； call for去取某物, 去接某人；需要
The problem calls for immediate action.这个问题需要立即采取行动knockv.敲 knock at敲门 knock off下班 He knocked off earlier.knock off打折Knock 10% off the price.把„„撞倒，如果有地点，用介词 off；无地点，用介词over
knock sth.off+地点
knock the vase off the table
I knocked the boy off the bicycle.knock over
A car knocked the boy over.knock out打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语)He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.
