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Chapter Five
Transportation of the Exported Goods
I.Transport Means
Ocean, Rail, Air, Road, Inland water, Multimodal（多模式的）, Parcel post（邮政包裹）
II.Port Option（港口选择）
1.The ports of shipment（装运）or discharge（卸船）must be made clear and definite.2.Inland cities（内陆城市）should not be accepted as ocean ports of destination.3.It is inadvisable（不可取）to accept an appointed dock（指定的码头）or berth（停泊处）.III.Means of Ocean Transport
1.Liner Transport（轮班运输、定期船运输）
A means of transport in which sailing schedule, route, and ports are fixed.2.Tramp Transport(不定期租船运输)
(1)Voyage Charter
The hire（租用、租金）of a ship for a particular voyage.Key points for voyage charter
A.Conditions of the Tramp
B.Freight charge（运费）
C.Loading and Unloading Charges（装卸费）
FIO Terms: Free In and Out
FI Terms: Free In
FO Terms: Free Out
Gro Terms（船方负责装卸费）
D.Laytime（装卸时间）
The time allowed for loading and unloading, counted by days and hours or loading and unloading rate（工作效率）.E.Demurrage and Dispatch Money（滞期费、速遣费计算条款）
Demurrage: The compensation（补偿）made by the charterer（租船人）for the lo incurred as a result of his delay in loading or unloading.Dispatch Money: The sum of money paid by the ship owner to the charterer for the latter’s quick loading and unloading.(2)Time Charter
The charter of a ship for a definite period of time.IV.Bill of Lading（提货单）
1.Definition
A kind of receipt（收据）which is signed and iued by the shipping company or its agent
1after receipt of the goods they are to carry.A transport contract between the carrier and the shipper.A certificate（证明）of the property（所有权）in the goods.2.Claification of B/L
(1)Shipped B/L and Received for shipment B/L
Shipped B/L(On Board B/L): Iued by the carrier or its agent when all the goods are located on board（甲板）the ship.Received for shipment B/L: Iued by the carrier or its agent when the goods are under the control of the carrier or its agent before they are loaded on board the ship.(2)Clean B/L（清洁提单）and Foul B/L（不清洁提单）
Clean B/L: The B/L on which the shipping company writes “The goods loaded are in apparent（明显的）good order”, and the bank accepts for negotiation.Foul B/L: The B/L on which the shipping company gives such an indication as “The goods loaded are not in apparent good order” or “the packing is broken or „ is polluted, etc.”, and is non-negotiable at the bank.A letter of guarantee(L/G)（信用保单书）or a letter of indemnity(L/I)（损害补偿保证书）is presented in exchange for a clean B/L.(3)Straight B/L（直运、收货人记名提单）, Bearer B/L 不记名提单(Blank B/L空白提单, Open B/L开放的提单)and Order B/L指示提单
Straight B/L: The column of consignee（收货人一栏）is printedas “Consigned to „(name of the consignee)”, which means only the consignee at the designation is entitled to take delivery of the cargo（货物）.Bearer B/L: The column of consignee is printed as “bearer”, which means anyone who holds the bill is entitled to the goods the bill represents.Order B/L: The column of consignee is marked “To order”, which means the goods are consigned or destined to the order of a named person, and it can be transferred after being endorsed（签字）.(4)Direct B/L直达提单, Tranhipment B/L转载提单, Through B/L（联运提单，两种以上运输方式）and Combined Transport B/L(Multimodal Transport B/L)
(5)Long Form B/L and Short Form B/L
(6)Original B/L and Copy B/L
