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定语从句（the attributive clause）
衡东欧阳遇中学
谭麦华
教学目的：了解定语从句，关系代词和关系副词的区别和应用。教学难点：1.如何判定用哪个关系代词还是用哪个关系副词
2.定语从句与其他从句的区别 教学方法：观察，总结，练习 教具：Multimedia, question paper Step1:定语的概念：
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：
(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)a beautiful girl（）three boys（）
a shoe factory（）Jim’s father（）
our teacher（）
the man in the car（）the man standing at the door（）
the man who is talking with Sam（）
step2:定语从句的概念及主要特征：
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2.定语从句的主要特征：
（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“„„.的” Step3:定语从句的基本用法：
定语从句的引导词关系代词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)关系副词when(时间状语)why(原因状语)
Step4:高考常见考点
考点一：指物时只用that 的情况 1.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
2.当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing(something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。There is little that I can do for you.我不能为你干什么。
3.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
4.当先行词被表示“正是”的the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6.当关系代词在从句中作表语时：
Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.7.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句 1,逗号后面
2,介词后面
1.Jim paed the driving test, ______
surprised everybody in the office.（2008）
A.which
B that
C this
D.it 2.The day ______ he was born was
Aug.20 ,1952.A.on which
B that
C which
D.this
考点三：关系代词 as 的用法
1)直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于which
He was late, as / which is often the case.2)与such 连用, 引起定语从句
There are no such writers as you mention.区别：It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.3)与same 连用, 引起定语从句
☆ the same „ as 表示同一类人或物；
the same „ that 指同一个人或物
eg.This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.A.as
B.that
C.the one
D.A&B
考点四：as 与 which 的区别 ★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, _______ was expected.Tom has made great progre, _______ made us happy.总结: 1.which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;
2.as 一般代替整个句子, 从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如”，“或像…一样”。
例如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is……;当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。
___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.考点五—易混句型
1.定语从句与并列句
1).a.I saw some trees, and the leaves of ____ were black with disease.b.I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease.2).a.The profeor is a little man, on the nose of ___there is a pair of glaes b.The profeor is a little man, and on the nose of __ there is a pair of glaes 解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键 ２.定语从句与同位语从句
1).a.The news ______our volleyball team won the match made us excited.b.The news _____he told me yesterday is exciting.2).a.I made a promise ___ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.b.The mother made a promise ______pleased all her children.解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。
Step5: practice(用适当的关系词填空)Though I can’t remember everything ____ happened during the time in university, I still remember some people and things _____ were related to Mi Brown, _____ used to be monitor in our cla.If you want to know who the lady is _____ I referred to in my diary, I can tell you it’s her, Mi Brown.Here is a story ______ makes me remember Mi Brown until now.One afternoon, she and I arrived in New York, ______ we would look forward to.We went to the biggest bookshop in ______ there were different kinds of books to be sold.There, she persuaded me to read every grammar book ______ could offer me knowledge of grammar and buy a dictionary _______ I could look up the new words in.Mi Brown also bought the same books _____ I did.Just when we left the bookshop and were ready to go back to our university, a big man stopped us and robbed me of my necklace.I’ll never forget that time ______ Mi Brown tried her best to help me and lost one of her fingers.
