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Unit 6 1.Teaching Aims：
1)adverbial clauses introduced by “when, before, since, until, etc.” 2)verb tense: present perfect progreive.3)how to do an interview.4)asking for and giving information.5).taking about hobbies 2.Teaching Contents& Time Allocation： 1)Language structures & Practice(1 hour)2)Dialogue I & Dialogue II(2 hours)3)Text I &Text II(2 hours)4)Exercises(1 hour)3.Teaching Procedures:
1st seion Language Structure Practice 1.Read the sentences on the top, and try to find out the similarity among them: They are adverbial clauses introduced by “when, before, since, until, etc.Examples: I’ll wait until you give us the answer.They have accepted the offer before we sent them the second letter.I’ve been studying English since I entered this university.My sister called when I was reading the novel.II.Teaching Procedures 1.Warm-up activities---asking about the autumn/ spring sports meeting.Ask the students to answer the following questions.Try to encourage them to answer in
complete sentences.After that, summarize the answers and point out that most of them can be made by adverbial clauses.1)Do you know when we’ll have our autumn/spring sports meeting? 2)Do you mean that we won’t have our autumn/spring sports meeting until we’ve had our midterm exams? 3)What events will you sign up for when we have the sports meeting? 4)When did you begin to get interested in the high jump/ the long jump, etc? 5)You have been an athlete since you were a middle school student, haven’t you? 6)Have you been playing football/ volleyball since you were at middle school?(For more words on sports, please refer to attachment: vocabulary 1—Individual sports)2.Listen to the tape and fill in the gaps of the given examples.3.Substitutive practice Use the cues on the textbook and make up dialogue in pairs.4.Language points: 1)You’ll see John when you go to Beijing next week.“When” is used to introduce time adverbial, and a simple present is used to show future action.It’s true in time adverbial clauses which introduced by “as, after, before, as soon as, until:”
Note: the differences of time adverbial introduced by “ when, while, as” “When” indicates a time pot or a period of time.When he entered the living room, I was watching TV.“As” indicates the proce.As he grew older, he became more intelligent.“While” indicates a period of time.While I was in New York, I studied music.2)Will you go to see him before you leave? 3)I’ve been playing the piano since I was a child.have been doing sth.---the present prefect progreive.This tense emphasizes the continuousne of the action.Tom has been miing from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.For sometime now, world leaders have been pointing out the neceity to fight against terrorism.4)present prefect progreive Example: John looks sun-burnt.You ask:(you/ sit in the sun?)Have you been sitting in the sun? a.You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.You ask:(you/ wait/ long?)b.You meet a friend in the street.His face and hands are very dirty.You ask:(what/ you/ do?)c.A friend of yours is now living in Wuhan.You want to know “how long…” You ask:(how long/ you/ live/ in Wuhan?)d.A friend tells you about his job---he sells computers.You want to know “how long…?” You ask:(how long/ you / sell/ computers?)5)He won’t arrive till four, and I’ll wait until he arrives.The first “until” is a preposition, and the second one is conjunction used to introduce time adverbial clause.5.Background knowledge----Moliere 莫里哀(1622---1673)Penname of Jean Baptiste Poquelin, French satirical playwright from whom modern French comedy developed.One of the founders of the Illustre Theatre, he was later its leading actor.In 1665 he wrote his first play L’Etourdi(The Saucebox), followed by Les Precieuses Ridicules(The Precious Young Maidens, 1659).His satires include L’Ecole des Femmes(The Schools for Wives, 1662), Le Misanthrope(The Misanthrope, 1666), Le Bourgeois Gentihomme(The Bourgeois Gentleman, 1670), and Le Malade Imaginaire(The Imaginary Invalid, 1673).莫里哀为笔名，他是法国的讽刺戏剧大师，现代戏剧的创始人。1643年他与人合作创立了“荣耀剧团”，后成为该团的主要演员。1665年创作了第一部剧作《冒失鬼》，后有《可笑的女才子》（1659）。他的主要讽刺剧有《太太学堂》（1662），《愤世嫉俗》（1666），《贵人迷》（1670）和《没病装病》（1673）。
2nd seion Dialogue 1 I.Led-in questions: 1.What is an interview? 2.What questions are usually asked in an interview? 3.Is Lu Ying an experienced amateur actre? Why do you think so? 4.Why is an experienced actor/ actre sometimes overcome by stage fright? 5.When a reporter is interviewing someone, how does he/she begin and end? 2.Brief introduction to dialogue 1 A reporter from Pujiang Weekly came to interview Mi Liu for her wonderful performance at the English evening.The questions first focus on the acting experiences of Liu: when she started to develop an interest in acting, when she first stood on the stage, and when she first acted full-length plays.The reporter then exprees the positive reaction and praise made by the audience and asks about her plan for the future in acting.3.Listen to the tape.And answer the following questions: 1)What is the interview about?(The interview is about the performance of the girl in the English evening.)2)Who are the two speakers?(They are interviewer and interviewee.)3)Can you repeat some of the questions being asked?(Refer to the text.)4)How to ask and answer questions in interview?(Ask the students what might be asked in the interview and how to answer them.Use their imagination as much as poible.)4.Conversational strategies
a.Congratulations---Congratulations, Mi Liu.Congratulations on winning the football game.Many, many congratulations on your graduation.(Informal)It was great to hear about your recent promotion.Well done, Philips!(Formal)Allow me to offer my heartiest congratulations.I’d like to be the first to congratulate you.b.self-introduction---I’m a reporter from Pujiang Weekly of the university.Excuse me.I don’t believe we’ve met.I’m Alice of Cla 3.(Informal): Hello.John Smith of ABC Company.Hello.I’m Morris Keats from XX news agency.(Formal): How do you do? My name’s Steven Smith.Allow me to introduce myself: Jenny Heywood, an engineer from X-rox.First let me introduce myself: David Emory, director of the English Department.c.compliments---You really made a hit at the English Evening yesterday.The whole college of foreign languages was impreed and everyone was talking about your acting.How lucky you are.I must say the soup is really very good.(Informal)I love your coat.I’ve got to hand it to you: you really did a good job.(Formal)I really must expre my admiration for your competence.I think you deserve the highest praise.d.asking for permiion in a polite way---I hope you won’t mind me asking you a few questions about you stage life.I hope you don’t mind, but wouldn’t it be poible for me to type a letter here? Is there any objection if we go back to the previous subject? e.asking if somebody is interested in something---When did you start to develop an interest in acting.Are you interested in detective stories? Is music your chief interest?(Informal)Are you a film fan?
Are you keen on photography at all? f.asking about feelings---When you stood on the stage for the first time in your life, how do you feel?(Adjectives expreing feelings: nervous, frightful, alarmed, annoyed, calm, puzzled, confused, sad, etc.)How do you feel when you came to Wuhan for the first time? g.taking up a point---But there’s no reason to believe that you suffered from any degree of stage fright yesterday.It’s interesting you should say so, because I’m looking forward to the summer holiday there.To go back to what you were saying about inflation, I’m not surprised at the way prices has risen.h.asking for ideas about future---How do you view the prospects of your amateur acting career when you graduate from the university? Do you plan to apply for the position? Do you mean to postpone the appointment?(Informal)Are you thinking of meeting friends?(Formal)Do you have any intention of learning German language? 5.Language Points 1)You really made a hit at the English Evening yesterday.make a hit---(performance)achieve succe;become popular;(inform)make a favorable impreion on sb.2)The Editorial Board of the Pujiang Weekly is interested in how you manage to do so well both as a performing artist and as a foreign language student.“how” is used to introduce an objective clause of “in”
Is there anything wrong in how she behaviors? 3).I hope you won’t mind me asking you a few questions about mind doing sth.: It is often used in interrogative, negative and conditional sentence.The answer for this is “No, not at all.” or “Yes, I do mind.”
Would you mind changing seat with me? 4).I don’t think I did as well as I had expected.as well as : in the same manner that… It is used to introduce an adverbial clause of function She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.5).As soon as I entered primary school, I volunteered on every occasion to play a role in children’s play.volunteer v.give or offer(help, suggestion, etc.)willingly or without being paid She volunteered(her services)for relief work.n.person who offers to do sth.without being compelled or paid volunteers to run the Christmas show occasion n.opportunity on one occasion;take occasion to
play a role: play the role of;play an important role in
6).But as far as I can remember, I didn’t seem to experience what is called “stage fright”.as far as: ①to the extent that
As far as I can see, that’s highly impoible.②the same distance as
We didn’t go as far as the others.What is called “stage fright”.This is a objective clause introduced by “what”, and “stage fright” is the subjective complement.Dialogue II---Asking for and Giving Information 1.In this part, students should:
---get familiar with the expreions in the box(page 65), and then make up dialogues according to the information given.---read the dialogue and practice in pairs.---make up dialogues according to the situations on page 66.2.Tips for practice: You are in Shanghai People’s Park and you meet a foreign teacher from Great Britain there at the English Speaking Corner.You are eager to practice your English and you ask him some questions about himself.Example: A: Lovely weather, isn’t it? B: Yes, it is.A: Excuse me.Where are you from? B: I’m from London, England.A: I see from your badge that you are a teacher here.B: Yes, that’s right.A: That’s very interesting.How long have you been here? B: Almost one year.A: Oh, quite a long time.And how long will you stay? B: About two years.Probably a little longer.A: Do you like Shanghai? B: Yes, of course.But the Shanghai accent is difficult to understand.A: Oh, you speak Chinese!How long have you been learning it? B: I started learning it in the university six years ago.3.Conversational strategies: Information---Asking for information Can you tell me something about it? Could anyone tell me who was here a moment ago? Excuse me, do you know how to play bridge?(Informal)Any clue?
Get any idea?
Happen to know his name?(Formal)Could I ask who is in charge of the matter?
Do you work in a bank, if you don’t mind my asking?
I should be interested to know the fact.Information---how to reply: expreing knowledge of something Have you heard that Mr.Hilton is to give a lecture next Wednesday? Yes.I’ve heard that he’s coming.I’m afraid I don’t know.When did you start this program? Since I entered this school.4.More practice: Ask the students to do role-play in pairs.One of them is the interviewer, and the other is the interviewee.They choose the topic freely.3rd seion Reading 1 1.Analyze the text:
This text is a piece of expository writing.It gives an introduction of stamps and postage stamps.First it tells us the two kinds of stamps.Then it tells the history of revenue and tax stamps in different countries.The last part deals with the history of postage stamps.Definition, claification, clarification and illustration are used in it.Para 1: 1st sentence gives definition of stamp.2nd&3rd sentence give claification of stamps(postage stamps and other kind of stamps)4th &5th sentence illustrate the third sentence with two examples(revenue stamps and tax stamps)Para 2&3: further illustrate “stamps used for a variety of official purposes)with more examples: government stamps, internal revenue stamps, war savings stamps and ration stamps Para 4&5: the history of postage stamp is clarified by a lot of facts and details.On the whole, we can see that all the examples, details and facts are in the logical order.The accuracy of the text can be shown by the specific time of each fact and the clarity of the words and sentences.2.Questions on the text a.Led-in questions:
1)What is a stamp? Can you give a definition to it? 2)How many types of stamps do you know? 3)What is the main function of the stamps?(In this part, the students are encouraged to answer the question out of their own knowledge on stamps.The teacher don’t have to correct them for their mistakes.After that, the students are given three minutes to read the text.)b.questions on the text(All the answers can be found from the text.)1)What is a stamp? What is it used for? Can you name some kinds of stamps in the world? 2)Do you know which country was the first to use stamps? 3)Have you heard the story about the stamp was invented? 4)Do you collect stamps? If yes, how did you develop an interest in it? 5)What can you lean from stamps? 6)Which kind of stamps is the most familiar to people everywhere? What is it function? 7)Who were called the father of the postage stamp? Why were they so called? 8)When and where did the first postage stamps appear? 3.Language points 1).A stamp is a small piece of paper, printed with an official emblem, design, or monarch’s head relating to the country of iue.i.relating to: to connect with sb./sth.Here it is a present participle phrase used as attributive to modify the noun “head”.Wealth is seldom related to happine.ii.iue n.the act of circulating, distributing, or publishing by an office or official group government iue of new banknotes 2)Revenue stamps are affixed to deeds and other documents as proof that the government tax or fee has been paid.revenue stamp: a stamp affixed to an item as proof that a government tax has been paid.revenue officer;revenue tax;annual revenue;internal revenue.deed n.a document sealed as an instrument oh bond, contract, or conveyance, especially relating to property
mortgage deed抵押契据;title deed（法律用于）地契、土地证;to transfer by means of deed立契转让
3)Some states raise money by imposing taxes on liquor, cigarettes, and other luxuries and require that tax stamps be placed on the packages.raise: to gather together;collect
raise money to help poor neighbor impose on/upon: ①to establish or apply as compulsory;levy
New duties were imposed on import goods.②place(sth.unwelcome or unpleasant)on sb/sth
She imposed her idea on the group.③ win a favor from sb, esp by using undue preure
I hope it’s not imposing on your hospitality, but could I stay to dinner? require that tax stamps be placed on the packages.=require the tax should be placed… It’s a way of using subjunctive mood.The verbs can be used in this structure are: command, demand, insist, propose, prefer, urge, suggest, advise, decide, ask, etc.which have the meaning of asking or suggesting.e.g.I suggest we open a company.4)Adhesive postage stamps afford such a simple and effective means of collecting fees for the transmiion of postal matter that it is hard to believe that they are of relatively recent invention.such… that… c.f.so… that
such + noun + that: You are such a smart boy that nobody will cheat you.So + adjective + that: It’s so cold that I put on my coat.5)Iued by Great Britain, these first stamps were the penny black and the two pence blue stamp, each bearing the likene of the young Queen Victoria.“each bearing the likene of the young Queen Victoria” is the absolute structure 6)He inaugurated the penny post, which included a uniform domestic postal rate based on weight rather than distance covered and on payment of postage by the sender instead of by the receiver.uniform a.conforming to one principle, standard, or rule base on/upon: use sth.as evidence, grounds, etc.fro sth.else I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.Direct taxation is usually based on income.rather than: in preference to;instead of It’s management that’s at fault rather than the work-force.I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.4.Background Knowledge 1）The British Act of 1765
Paed by English Parliament in 1765.It was the first direct tax ever levied by English Parliament upon America.The act placed a tax upon newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets and broadsides, legal documents of all types, insurance policies, ship’s papers, licenses, and even dice and playing cards.The receipts were to be paid into the royal exchequer for the defense of colonies.The opposition to the Stamp Act grew immediately, leading to rioting, destruction of property, and the calling of the Stamp Act Congre.2)American Revolution(1775---1783)
Also called American Independence War.It was the revolt of the British North American colonies that resulted in the establishment of the US.It was caused by colonial resentment at the contemporary attitude that commercial or industrial interests of any colony should be subordinate to those of the mother country, and the unwillingne of the colonists to pay for a permanent army.3)The American Civil War(1864—1865)
A war between the Southern or Confederate States of America and the Northern or Union States.The former wished to maintain their “states’ rights”, in particular the institution of slavery, and claimed the right to secede from the Union;the latter fought initially to maintain the Union, and later(1863)to emancipate the slaves.4)Queen Victoria(1819---1901)
Queen of Great Britain(1837—1901)and Empre of India(1876---1901).Victoria took an active interest in the policy of her ministers, and was soundly advised and supported by her husband, Albert.Her golden jubilee in 1887 and diamond jubilee in 1897 marked a waning of republican sentiment, which developed from the death of Albert.Her long reign saw the rapid industrialization of Britain, a vast growth of the national wealth, and the height of British Empire.5)King Henry VIII(1491---1547)
King of England(1509---1547), son of Henry VII.Henry was a powerful and talented man.His religious opinion remained conservative.He was notorious for having six wives, two of whom he executed and two divorced.During his reign Wales and the marches were brought into a legal union with England.6)Roland Hill(1795—1879)罗兰希尔爵士
British post office official who invented adhesive stamps and prompted the introduction of the penny prepaid post in 1840(previously the addreee paid on receipt).7)Zurich
Financial center and industrial city(machinery, electrical goods, textiles)on Lake Zurich, capital of Zurich canton, the Largest city in Switzerland.８）Benjamin Franklin(1706---1790)US scientist and politician.He proved that lightning is a form of electricity, and invented lightning conductor.He helped to draft the Declaration of Independence and the US constitution, and was ambaador to France(1776---1785).9)George Washington(1732---1799)US general and the first US president(1789---1797)and regarded as “the father of his country”.As a strong opponent of the British government’s policy, he sat in the Continental Congrees of 1774 and 1775, and on the outbreak of the War of American Independence was chosen commander in chief.Having served as president of the Constitutional Convention, he was unanimously elected President in 1789.Although he attempted to draw his ministers from all fractions, his aristocratic outlook alienated his secretary of state, Tomas Jefferson, with whose resignation in 1793 the two-party system originated.Reading II 1.Analysis of the text This paage is very clear-cut in structure.The first sentence of the first paragraph is the topic sentence of the text.Each paragraph deals with a subtopic of stamp collecting and almost all the paragraphs start with a topic sentence.Paras 1—2 the origin and popularity of stamp collecting Paras 3—4 the function of stamp collection a.an ideal family hobby b.reflecting the nation’s history and customs Paras 5—6 variety in stamp collecting 2.Questions for the text 1)How and when did stamp collecting begin as a hobby? 2)Is stamp collecting an expensive hobby? 3)How do stamps reflect a country’s history and customers? 4)What do you know about commemorative stamps? 5)What are the topic sentences of the first four paragraphs? 6)What is the thesis statement of the text? 3.Brief Introduction to Reading II The article first traces the origin of stamp collecting and points out it has been more and more popular in the society.One does not have to pay much to collect stamps, so it is an ideal family hobby, and stamps reflect a nation’s history and customs.Due to the widespread iue of commemorative stamps and the increase in the independent nations, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of stamps, thus adding to the variety of stamp collection.4.Language points 1)c.f.gather, aemble, collect, accumulate gather: ①If you gather a number of things, e.g.after you have spread them out or distribute them, you bring them together again.He gathered his papers that had been scattered.②If you gather something, you collect a number of things from different places that are far apart, esp.so that you can use them.They gathered berries, nuts and fruits for food.③If you gather information or evidence, you collect it, esp.over a period of time and after hard work.The team worked for about a year and a half to gather data.④If something gathers speed, momentum, force, etc.it gradually becomes faster or more powerful.The train gathered speed as it left the town.⑤When you gather your strength, courage, thoughts, etc, you make an effort to prepare yourself to do or deal with something.I’ve been trying to gather courage all week to ring you.⑥If you gather something, you obtain knowledge or ideas by noticing things about the situation you are in.I gathered that they were not expected to eat with us.collect: ①If you collect things, you bring together from several places a group of things or an amount of something.She used to go for long walks collecting birds’ eggs.②If you collect stamps, coins, or something else, you spend time getting a large number of different kinds, because you are interested in them.I’ve been collecting stamps for ten years.③If you collect something or someone from somewhere, you get them from the place where they have been left or where they have spent some time.I went to the jeweler’s to collect my wrist watch.④If something collects energy, heat or light, it attracts it.The plant has large leaves with which to collect as much light as poible.⑤If you collect money from someone who owes it, you get it from them.The main part of his work was collecting debts.⑥If you collect yourself or collect your thoughts, wits, strength, etc.you make an effort to calm or prepare yourself in order to do or deal with something He collected himself enough to tell his friends about the accident.accumulate: When you accumulate or they accumulate, you collect or gather them, or they increase in number of amount, over a period of time.We have packed up the things I had accumulated over the last four years.aemble: fit the parts of it together When the rest of the rifle was aembled, he laid it on the ground.2).English newspaper of the early 1840s carried dvertisements for canceled postage stamps, and one referred to a “new mania for collecting old penny stamps that has bitten the idle ladies of England”.carry(of newspaper, broadcast or magazine)include sth in its content;contain Today’s papers carry full reports of the President’s visit.refer to: mention, talk to When I said somebody was stupid, I wasn’t referring to you.I refer to may watch for exact time.mania for: an exceively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire She has a mania for sweets.bitten, bite: to grip, grab, or seize She was bitten by a sudden desire to escape the party.3)Although some collectors, spend thousands of dollars buying rare and valuable stamps, the beginner need not spend many money at all on his collection.spend time/ money(in)doing/ on sth/ for sth.need as modal verb and verb: You needn’t talk so loud.(modal verb)You needn’t buy that dictionary.I have spare one.(= but you have already bought it)4)Due to the widespread iue of commemoratives and the increase in the number of independent nation.due to: because of
This accident took place due to driving at fast speed.5)One such collection fills forty albums with nothing but violet stamps, of every shade and from many different countries.fill with: be full of These stories filled the children’s mind with strange ideas.nothing but: nothing else but Nothing but a miracle can save her now.5.Background Knowledge---
1)Franklin Delano Roosevelt(1882—1945)
The 32nd US president(1933—1945), a Democrat.Although he was crippled by polio in Aug, 1921, he remained active in politics and was elected Governor of New York in 1928 and again in 1930.Becoming president amid the Depreion, he launched the New Deal economic and social reform programme, which made him popular with the people.After the outbreak of World War II, he introduced the lend-lease for the supply of war materials to the Allies and drew up the Atlantic Charter of solidarity.Once the US entered the war in 1941 he spent much time in meetings with the Allied leaders.He was the only president to have served more than two terms in American history.2)King George V of England(1865---1936)
He was the son of Edward VII.During World War I, he made several visits to the front.In 1917,he abandoned all German titles for himself and his family.4th seion I.Guided Writing Students do the exercise on the Students’ book.II.Workbook: Students do the exercise on the Workbook.
