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Unit 1 Section A Time-Conscious Americans I.Organizing the teaching II.Revision Introduce the book II.III.Lead to new leon Cultural Differences We need to be aware that the ethnocentric attitudes of writers are precisely the way cultural conflict is encouraged.Why is understanding a culture always the others’ responsibility? It is not poible that each culture could be made aware of different conventions? Both sides must work at rising above cultural differences and be willing to compromise…and, in both cases, most likely neither side has acce to the cultural conventions of the other so blaming is not the answer.Educating is.Warm-up exercises 1.Why do Americans like visiting fast-food restaurants? 2.Do you like fast-food? If you do, what’s the reason for this liking? 3.Are you time-conscious? State your idea on time.4.Life is fast-paced today.Besides eating fast-food, people also use different kinds of time-saving devices, such as: fax, e-mail and mobile phone.What do you think of these time-saving devices? IV.New leon Key Vocabulary: 1.still: not moving, motionle, calm, quiet The little girl kept still in her chair watching TV.The lake is still today.2.budget: v.plan the spending of(time, money, etc.)Hans limited himself to a daily budget of ＄10.Budget(sth.)for(sth.)The government has budgeted ＄ 10000000 for education spending.On a tight budget: having only a small amount of money A family on a budget can’t afford meat every day.The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library.She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully.3.sense: bring sb.to his senses Perhaps it will bring him to his senses.come to one's senses
We hope he'll come to his senses and correct his mistakes.in a sense
You are right in a sense.in one's right senses
No one in his right senses would believe such a fantastic story.make sense
This sentence doesn't make sense.make sense of
Can you make sense of what this writer is saying? no sense
No sense in looking for the coin under the table, you won't find it there.out of one's senses He must be out of his senses if he thinks I'm going to let him stay in my house.talk sense He talked a great deal of sense.4.preure: at high preure Sometimes he had to work at high preure.under the preure of Under the preure of the urgent circumstances, he had to resign.5.abrupt
adj.1)(of behavior)rough 2)sudden and unexpected eg.an abrupt attitude an abrupt change of policy an abrupt drop in oil prices When I asked her about her new job, she was quite abrupt with me.The meeting came to an abrupt end.6.convention(1)(C.n.)conference of members of a profeion political party, etc.hold a convention;a teachers’ / dentists’ convention
(2)(U.n.)general, usu unspoken, agreement about how people should act or behave in certain circumstances Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation.By convention the deputy leader is always a woman.7.consequence(1)(c.n.)thing that is a result or an effect of sth.be ready to take/suffer/bear the consequences of one’s actions
have far-reaching consequences for the country’s economy(2)(u.n.)importance It is of no consequence.Consequently adv.as a result;therefore
My car broke down and consequently I was late.8.device(1)n.thing made or adapted for a special purposes a device for measuring preure, an explosive device.(2)scheme;trick Her illne is merely a device to avoid seeing him.9.significance n.(1)(u.n.)meaning What’s the significance of a remark / this symbol?(2)importance Few people realized the significance of the discovery.Significantly adv.to an important or considerable degree Profits have risen significantly.10.conduct(1)v.lead or guide(sb./ sth)I asked the attendant to conduct him out / to the door.(2)direct(sth., the performance of a piece of music),control;manage He was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign.Conductor n.11.settle: settle down
Uncle George didn't settle down until he was nearly fifty.settle for We reached the hotel late and had to settle for a room without a view.settle in I haven't yet settled in in my new job.settle on We must settle on a place to meet.settle up He settled up with the waiter.12.whereas conj.but, in contrast: while Eg.Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none.13.Compare: worth, worthy, worthwhile worth It is worth(doing)sth.worthy Sth.is worthy of + n./being done /to be done(be worthy of: merit, deserve)worthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.Eg.The matter is worth consideration/considering.The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered.It is worthwhile considering/to consider the matter.1.fall behind:
1)become bit by bit further behind 2)(with)fail to finish at the proper time Don't fall behind with your rent.You are sure to fall behind the other students if you don’t work hard enough.He didn't want to fall behind in his studies.He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.1)fall behind in science fall behind one’s competitors 2)fall behind with the rent
The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall behind.I’m falling behind with my work;I must try to catch up.2.result in: Eating too much often results in sickne.Such behavior is likely to result in the manager's being dismied.Rich does not result in happine.Your diligence will absolutely result in great achievements.result from sth.: occur as a result He has injuries resulting from a fall.Result in sth.:have a specified effect or consequence Our effects resulted in succe/failure.result in have as a result;cause result from be caused by v.Acting before thinking always results in failing.v.The accident resulted in the death of two people v.Nothing has resulted from his efforts.v.The child’s illne resulted from eating unclean food.3.nothing but: Nothing but a miracle can save her life.There is nothing but he can do.(=There is nothing that he can't do.)Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.He did nothing but eat and sleep all day.4.go with: Happine doesn't necearily go with money.Do you think this hat would go with my new dre? 5.much le: I can hardly walk, much le run.“I didn't even see him, much le speak to him.” much le(also still le)and even le likely Eg.She wouldn’t take a drink, still/much le stay for dinner.6.small talk: She loves to have some small talk with the neighbors.7.at hand: I haven't my book at hand.He believes that the great day is at hand.8.due to: Her absence was due to the storm.due to sth./sb.: caused by sb./sth.because of sb./sth.The team’s succe was Largely due to her efforts.Due to/owing to /because of/ on account of 9.given(that)prep.taking into account
Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause.Eg.Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.10.in one’s eyes: in the opinion or judgment of someone Eg.The expert is always right in the eyes of everybody.V.Exercises: 1.Listen and Talk 2.Discuion 1)Americans have a saying “Time is money.” How do you understand it? 2)In America, there’s another saying about time: “We are slaves to nothing but the clock.” How do you understand this saying? VII.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Central topic:
Time-conscious Americans(“Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor” Para.1)Structure Analysis: Americans save time carefully.(Para.1)Americans’ attitude towards time and how they try to save time in daily life and in busine(Paras.2-7)Time is a precious source.(Para.2)Americans save time in their daily life.(Para.3)Americans save time in doing busine.(Para.4)Americans produce labor-saving devices in order to save time.(Paras.5-7)It is taken as a sign of skillfulne or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job succefully with speed in the US.(Para.8)Stucture of the Text: VI.Reading Sills: 1.Deduction organization General statement: “Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.”
Specific statements: 1)(Para.3)In the US everyone seems to be in a rush in daily life, e.g.shopping, eating out, walking, driving a car, etc.2)(Para.4)Americans start talking busine directly without opening exchanges.3)(Paras.5-7)Americans work hard at the task of saving time by producing a steady flow of labor-saving devices, e.g.faxes, phone calls, emails, etc.Conclusion :(Para.8)It is taken as a sign of skillfulne or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in the US.2.Exemplification(Illustration)Typical sentences: 1)(Para.3)“City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going…Racing through daytime meals is part of life …You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you.”2)(Para.4)“Many new arrivals to the States will mi the opening exchanges of a busine call, for example.They will mi the ritual interaction… They may mi leisurely busine chats…” 3.Comparison & contrast In order to make it clear that Americans are time-conscious, the text compares the different conventions of other countries(“new arrivals”)with the Americans’ attitude towards time.1)(Para.4)“Many new arrivals…will mi the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country… Normally, Americans do not ae their visitors in such relaxed surroundings…”
2)(Para.6)“In some countries no major busine is conducted without eye contact, requiring a face-to-face conversation.In America, too, a final agreement will be normally signed in person.However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, …”3)(Para.8)“Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly… In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulne or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job succefully, with speed.” 4.Cause & effect Typical sentences: 1)(Para.3)“…Don’t take it personally.This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.”
2)(Para.4)“…Since we generally ae and probe profeionally rather than socially, we start talking busine very quickly.Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.”
3)(Para.5)“Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time…We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.”
4)(Para.7)“… This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is le efficient.”
5)(Para.8)“Unle a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect.Aignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the paage of time.”
Specific details: ① teachers and pupils, specific meetings, discu the protection of environment ②City planners, environmental problems, into consideration ③Factories, reduce pollution, at a high cost Reason: bad air and water pollution affect everyone, cities to survive, businees to make a profit Other topics
⑴ Time is a precious resource.⑵ Computers are of great use to our daily life ⑶ English is becoming more important.VII.Homework
1.Finish the exercises in Section A.2.Prepare for Section B.
