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Unit 1 Section B Culture Shock I.Organizing the teaching II.Revision Check up the new words and expreions III.Lead to new leon We need to be aware that the ethnocentric attitudes of writers are precisely the way cultural conflict is encouraged.Why is understanding a culture always the others’ responsibility? It is not poible that each culture could be made aware of different conventions? Both sides must work at rising above cultural differences and be willing to compromise…and, in both cases, most likely neither side has acce to the cultural conventions of the other so blaming is not the answer.Educating is.IV.New Leon New words and expreions 1.desirable a.worth having;be wished for 2.fascinating a.having great attraction or delight 3.spite n.a.in spite of: not being prevented by(sb./sth.);regardle of b.[U] desire to hurt, offend another person;ill will 4.clash vi.a.disagree seriously(about sth.)b.come together and fight n.a.serious disagreement;arguing b.violent contact;fight 5.tradition n.[U, C] beliefs or customs paed down from one generation to the next, esp.without writing;any long-established method, practice, etc.6.evidently ad.obviously;it appears that 7.excitement n.a.[U] state of strong emotional reaction or feeling, esp.one caused by sth.pleasant b.[C] a thing that excites;an exciting event 8.marvelous(marvellous)a.surprising;outstanding;wonderful
9.amuse vt.1.make(sb.)laugh or smile 2.make time pa pleasantly for(sb.)amusement n.1.[C]a thing that makes time pa pleasantly 2.[U] state of being amused 10.ending n.[C] an end, esp.of a story, film or word 11.hostile a.1.showing strong hate or objecting to;very unfriendly 2.of an enemy hostility n.1.[U] being hostile(to sb./sth.)2.[U] being against 3.(pl.)acts of war;fighting 12.moreover ad.(used to introduce sth.new that adds to or supports the previous statement)further;as well as;in addition 13.distre n.1.[U](cause of)great pain, sadne, suffering, etc.2.[U] suffering(caused by lack of money, food, etc.)3.[U] state of being in danger or difficulty and requiring help
vt.cause distre to(sb./sth.)
14.devisevt.think out(a plan, tool, etc.)
15.mechanismn.1.[C]【心】2.[C] method or steps for getting things done 3.[C] working parts of a machine, etc.16.copevi.(with)manage succefully;be able to deal with sth.difficult 17.repreionn.1.[U]control or preventing2.[U] cruel and severe control regreionn.[U] return to a former state 18.isolate vt.put or keep sb./sth.entirely apart from other people or things;separate sb./sth.isolation n.[U] isolating or being isolated 19.avoid vt.1.keep oneself away from(sb./sth.)2.stop sth.happening;prevent
20.rejectvt.1.refuse to accept(sb./sth.)2.throw(sth.)away as not to be used, chosen, done, etc.n.[C] rejected person or thing
rejectionn.[U, C] rejecting or being rejected
21.recovery n.1.[U](sing.)return to a normal state 2.[U] getting back
22.symptom n.1.[C] a change in the body that shows an illne2.[C] a sign of the existence of sth.wrong 22.distinction n.1.[C] special element, special or unique quality 2.[C, U] a difference or contrast between one person/thing and another 3.[U] a quality of excellence 23.acquisition n.1.[U] action of gaining 2.[C] a thing gained, esp.sth.Useful 24.alleviate vt.make sth.le serious;ease Phrases: 1.adjust to
become or make suited(to new conditions)
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.I can't adjust to living on my own.2.be familiar to
well known to;often seen or heard The facts are familiar to every schoolboy.The house looked strangely familiar to her.3.culture shock
confusion caused by contact with a culture other than one's own
It was a real culture shock to find herself in London after living on a small island.4.in the stage
in a part of activity or a period of development
The project is in its final stage and should be completed by August.The French runner is in the lead in the first stage of the race.1.be tired of
2.be impatient or fed up with sb./sth.I'm tired of your negative comments.3.When you're tired of one dre, change to another.6.separate from
(cause things or people to)divide This patient should be separated from the others.In some way, in the rush to get out of the building I got separated from my mother.7.prevent from
stop(sb.or sth.)from(doing sth.)
Nobody can prevent us from getting married.His broken leg prevented him from walking.。
8.come to
reach a certain state
The two brothers quickly came to blows during their quarrel.This happy state must not be allowed to come to an end.9.recover from
return to a normal state from He's now fully recovered from the shock.He never really recovered from the sadne of his wife dying.10.go through
experience;finish certain stages
Has the new law gone through all its stages yet? Tom's book has gone through three printings.Language Points Language Point 1
„ you would have lots of desirable fun?(Para.1)
Meaning: „ you would have lots of fun that is worth having? desirable: a.worth having, doing or desiring because it is useful, neceary, or popular It is most desirable that he should attend the convention.For this job it is desirable to know something about medicine.Please notice: in the structure “It is desirable that...”, the verb in the that-clause is usually in the subjunctive form or “should” is used before the main verb.It is desirable that she leave(or: should leave)the company immediately.The opposite of this word is “undesirable”.Long delays are undesirable, but sometimes are unavoidable.Language Point 2
In spite of these advantages, „(Para.1)in spite of: The phrase is used to introduce a fact that makes the rest of the statement you are making seem surprising.The football match continued in spite of the rain.In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.In spite of a slight increase in sales, the company is still heavily in the red at the moment.The noun “spite” used as a single word means “desire to hurt or offend another person, ill will”.I’m sure he wrote that article purely out of spite.Language Point 3
„ your views may clash with the different beliefs „(Para.1)
clash(with): vi.disagree seriously, come into argument or non-agreement state Their interests clashed with ours.People’s feelings sometimes clash with their judgment.The word is sometimes used as a noun.There is a clash of interests in this project.a boundary clash between two armies
Language Point 4
„you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture...(Para.1)
The phrase “have difficulty” can be followed by the preposition “in”, but very often the preposition is omitted.His English is very bad and I have great difficulty(in)understanding him.They had no difficulty(in)finding the house where they had been born in their hometown.If “have difficulty” is followed directly by a noun phrase, the preposition “with” is used and the preposition can never be omitted in this case.The child seems to have a lot of difficulty with English grammar.Language Point 5
„ those parts of the culture not familiar to you.(Para.1)
familiar to: If sth.is familiar to you, it is well known to you or you often experience/encounter it.He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.facts that are familiar to every schoolboy Compare:
familiar with: If you are familiar with sth., you have a good knowledge of it or you know it in detail.Are you familiar with the rules of baseball?
Larkin not only speaks Chinese well, but also is familiar with early Chinese history.Language Point 6
Evidently, at least four eential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.(Para.1)evidently: ad.obviously;it is plain that;it is proved by clear signs that The man wore a bathrobe and had evidently just come from the bathroom.The stranger approached the mike, evidently intending to speak.The umbrella in her hand was very wet.Evidently it was still raining.at least:
1)not le than I’ve known her at least as long as you have.Cut the gra at least once a week in summer.2)anyway;at any rate You might at least answer.She’s not coming--at least that’s what she said.With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that’s what you think.Language Point 7
„ you feel excitement about living in a different place, „(Para.2)excitement: n.[U] the state of being excited As the end of the game grew nearer, the crowd’s excitement increased.The old man has a weak heart, and should avoid excitement.Everyone is in a state of great excitement.Please notice that this noun can also be countable, when it refers to something that excites or exciting events.This game has its challenges, excitements and rewards.Language Point 8
„ seems as though it will have no ending.(Para.2)
as though: as would be the case if;appearing to be the case that.We may also use “as if” for the same meaning.The animal was walking as though(as if)it had hurt its leg.She spoke to me as though(as if)she knew me.The verb in the “as though” and “as if” clause is very often in the subjunctive mood, though it is by no means always so.She treats me as if(as though)I were a stranger.He looks as if he is much better.Language Point 9
You become tired of many things about the new culture.(Para.3)(be)tired of:(be)impatient or have no interest in sb.or sth.I’m tired of your never-ending complaints.When you are tired of one dre, change to another.If you are tired of London, you are tired of life.Language Point 10
„ and everything makes you feel distreed and tired.(Para.3)
Meaning: „ and everything causes great pain to you and makes you lose interest.distre: vt.(usu.paive)cause great pain or suffering
The couple were distreed to find that their children had not returned.too distreed to speak distre: n.1)great pain, sadne, suffering The sick man showed signs of distre.2)suffering caused by lack of money a company in funding distre
3)a state of danger or great difficulty Send out a distre signal;the ship is sinking.He expreed concern that the ship might be in distre.The policeman received a distre call, and saw two youths attacking his colleague.Language Point 11
„ you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope „(Para.4)
Meaning: „ you create some methods for protecting yourself from harm and for helping yourself to deal with things around you succefully „ devise: vt.create or invent(a plan, method, etc.)by careful thought New long-range goals must be devised.devise a new computer program
mechanism: n.[C] a method for doing sth.Drug and alcohol are sometimes used as an escape mechanism.cope: vi.(of a person)deal with sth.difficult succefully The problems were a hard nut, but we managed to cope.The verb “cope” is used with the preposition “with” if it is followed by an object.She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in heavy traffic.The factory coped very well with the sudden increase in demand.Language Point 12
You would rather be home alone, „(Para.4)
Meaning: You would prefer to be home without anyone else around.would rather:(used to expre a choice)prefer to The contracted form “’d rather” is very common.Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home?
He would rather lose his job than make false accounts.“How about a drink?” “I’d rather have something to eat.”
Please note that “would rather” is used in all persons;“I should rather” is impoible.Notice that “would rather” can be used with different subjects before and after it, to say that one person would prefer another to do something.In this case, we generally use a past tense with a present or future meaning.I would rather you stayed with me tomorrow.Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.My wife would rather we didn’t see each other any more.“Shall I open a window?” “I’d rather you didn’t.”
Language Point 13
Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”.(Para.6)recovery: n.1)[U] a return to a normal state The government’s policies bit by bit led to the country’s economic recovery.A quick recovery saved the skidding car.2)getting back A significant reward is offered for the recovery of a painting by Picao.She has a reasonable chance of recovery from the insurance company.Language Point 14
This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stre.(Para.7)
Meaning: This proce of learning to understand helps you a lot to ease your stre.acquisition: n.[U] The acquisition of a skill or a particular type of knowledge is the proce of learning it or developing it.language acquisition
The children progreed quickly in the acquisition of basic skills.Notice that this noun can be countable if it is used to mean something gained.This sugar factory is one of the recent acquisitions of the company.alleviate: vt.ease;make sth.le severe alleviate pain
alleviate the lo of jobs She alleviated the tiring waiting by counting the cars paing on the street.We want to help alleviate their lack of food.Language Point 15
„ when you are going through its four stage.(Para.8)
go through: experience Have you thought about the difficulties your children would go through? go through a severe test
Has the new law gone through all its stages yet?
Tom’s book has already gone through three printings.It is impoible to go through life without trust: that is like being put in prison.Language Point 16
Furthermore, learning about other cultures „(Para.8)
furthermore: ad.(fml.)also;in addition to what has been said;moreover The house is too small, and, furthermore, it’s too far from the office.Roy wants to leave for home;furthermore, he wants to go right now.Furthermore, these child-raising families may raise other people’s children in addition to their own.The dark room had a threatening appearance;furthermore, I knew a family of mice had nested there.Reading Skills Being able to determine the main idea of a paage is one of the most useful skills you can develop.It is a skill you can apply to any kind of reading.The main idea of a paage is the thought that is present from the beginning to the end.In a well-written paragraph, most of the sentences support, describe or explain or explain the main idea.However, the main idea sentence may also appear in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph.Sometimes, there is no sentence in the paragraph that directly states the main idea.The main idea is simply left unstated or implied.Aignment : 1.Exercises on page 23-24 2.Consider one example of culture shock you have experienced or you’ve already know
