Lecture 6《英语词汇学》第六章教案讲稿由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“英语词汇学第六章解析”。
讲授题目：Minor Procees of Word-formation
所属章节：《现代英语词汇学概论》之第4章 计划学时：2 periods 教学方法：传统讲授法
参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》
教学目的和要求：掌握几种次要的构词方法。
教学重点：
Some minor procees of word 教学难点：
formation
Minor procees of word formation
Lecture 6
1.Blending • The definition of blending – Blending（拼缀法）is a proce of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining parts of two words.The result of such a proce is called a blend or telescopic word(混成词）or portmanteau word（行囊词）.Blending is thus a proce of both compounding and abbreviation.Structurally blends may be divided into four types.(1)head + tail autocide
from
automobile + suicide
利用汽车自杀
motel
from
motor + hotel
汽车旅馆
slurb
from
slum + suburb
郊区贫民窟
chunnel
from
channel + tunnel
水底火车隧道
brunch
from
breakfast + lunch
早中饭
smog
from
smoke +fog
烟雾
bash
from
bang + samash
重击
bleep
from
blankou+ beep
短促的尖音信号、盲音
(2)head + head comsat
from
communication + satellite
通讯卫星
telex
from
用户直通电报
sitcom
from
情景喜剧
psywar
from
心理战
humint
from
slang
from
pixel
from
像素
napalm
from
凝固汽油弹
modem
from
调制解调器(计算机）
(3)head + word medicare
from
医疗保健
Eurasia
from
欧亚（大陆）
telequize
from
电话测试
autocamp
from
汽车野营
docudrama
from
文献电影片
Motown
from
汽车城音乐
fortnight
from
brash
from
teleprinter + exchange
situation + comedy
psychological + warfare
human + intelligence(谍报）
slovenly + language
pix + element
naphthen + palmitate
medical + care
Europe + Asia
telephone + quize
automobile + camp
documentary +drama
motor+ town
fourteen + night
bold + rash
轻
modulator+ demodulator
率的、冒失的(4)word + tail
lunarnaut
from
lunar + astronaut
登月宇船员
bookmobile
from
book + automobile
流动图书馆
workfare
from
work + welfare
工作福利制
tourmobile
from
tour + automobile
旅游汽车
fandemonium from fan+pandemonium
skyjack
from
sky + hijack
空中劫机
dumbfound
from
dumb + confound
使惊讶，使惊呆 Zootique
from
zoo+boutique
※ Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines.Though many of them have already achieved currency in English, they are still considered to be slang and informal by some serious-minded people.Therefore, it is advisable not to use such words too often, particularly in formal writing.2.Clipping
截短法
Clipping is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.There are four common types of clipping:
(1)Front clipping(截前留后/截除词首)quake(earthquake)
copter(helicopter)scope(telescope)
phone(telephone)
bus
(omnibus)
burger(hamburger)
chute(parachute)
tie(necktie)
cello
(violoncello)-----大提琴
drome(aerodrome)----机场 cycle
(bicycle)
plane(aeroplane)dozer
(bulldozer)-----推土机
(2)Back clipping(截后留前/截除词尾)dorm(dormitory)
memo(memorandum)mini
(miniskirt)
photo(photograph)kilo
(kilogram)
lab
(laboratory)
expo(exposition)
porn(pornograph)
gent(gentleman)
hippo(hippopotamus)(3)Front and back clipping(截除首尾/截前后留中间)
flu — influenza(流感)
script — prescription(处方)
dept — department
tec — detective(侦探)
a —aistant(4)Phrase clipping(截词组、词组也可以截短)
daily paper → daily(日报);
weekly → weekly paper(周报)
taximeter cab → taxi(计程车);
popular music → pop 流行音乐
zoological garden → zoo(动物园);
permanent wave → perm 烫发
public house →pub 酒吧、酒馆
3.Acronymy
(首字母拼音法)
Acronymy is the proce of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms.(1)Initialisms 首字母缩略（合）词
Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter.The letters are separated by periods, but most of them have no periods between letters.（英国人经常不加圆点，美国人经常加圆点，总的倾向是不加圆点。）
A.D — Anno Domini;
(1)Initialisms
B.C — Before Christ VOA — Voice of America;
BBC — British Broadcasting Corporation UFO — Unidentified Flying Object;
IOC — International Olympics Committee
CIS — Commonwealth of Independent States(独联体)
ISBN=International Standard Book Number CAD=computer aisted design
DNA= deoxyribonucleic acid
• CPU • DIY • CEO • IT • AI • SOS • IDD • GMT • VIP • P.S.• a.m.• p.m.• • • • • • • • • • • • central proceing unit Do it yourself Chief Executive Officer Information technology artificial intelligence Save our ship international direct dial Greenwich Mean Time very important person postscript(附言)ante meridiem post meridiem • WHO(World Health Organization)• CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)• FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)• NPC(National People’s Congre)
• CPPCC(Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference)
• ASEN(Aociation of South-east Asia Nations)(东盟)• NBA(National Basketball Aociation)• GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.(2)Acronyms(首字母拼音词)NATO — the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
北大西洋公
约组织
UNESCO — the United Nations Education
Science and Culture Organization
联合国教科文组织
CORE — Congre of Racial Equality
(美)争取种族平等大会
SARS —severe acute respiratory syndrome AIDS —acquired immune deficiency syndrome SALT — strategic arms limitation talks（限制战略武器会谈）
Tofel---Test of English as a foreign language ROM-----read only memory Radar---Radio detecting and ranging
OPEC---Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries SAM---Surface-to-air-miile(地对空导弹）
Some acronyms are formed with the initial letter of
the first word plus the whole of the second, e.g.N-bomb — nuclear bomb
D Notice — Defence Notice 国防机密通知
G-man —
Government man
联邦调查局调查员
V-Day — Victory Day 胜利日
4.Back-formation(逆生法)
Back-formation is the proce of creating a new words by removing a real or supposed suffix.Many back-formations in English come from words which end in-er,-or or-ing.usually involves the following types:(1)Abstract nouns(抽象名词逆生成动词)diagnose ← diagnosis;
donate ← donation(2)Human nouns(表示人的名词)loaf ← loafer(游手好闲者)；
beg ← beggar(乞丐)(3)Compound nouns merrymake(寻欢作乐)← merry-making babysit(照看婴儿)
←
baby sitter
(临时照看小孩的人)(4)Adjectives drowse 昏昏欲睡 ← drowsy 昏昏欲睡的laze 偷懒 ← lazy frivol —做无聊事，混日子，乱花钱等 ← frivolous
5.Reduplication(重叠法/递接法)• Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by the repetition of one word or two words with a change either in vowel or in consonant.• go-go(时髦的);willy-nilly(无可奈何地);• dilly-dally(磨蹭);shilly-shally(hesitate)； • teenyweeny(小小的);wishywashy(空洞无物)• Zigzag(弯曲的);
• Hocus-pocus(哄骗);fiddle-faddle(瞎闹);• Hurry-scurry(慌乱地);tip-top(头等的);• yo-yo(起落不定的)；
• Bibble-babble(唠叨不停地讲);• Piggy-wiggy(脏孩子)； • Hanky-panky(阴谋诡计)• Niddle-noddle(频频点头);prittle-prattle(饶舌);• Arty-crafty(华而不实);hurly-burly(骚乱);• cri-cro(杂乱无章的);flim-flam(胡言乱语);• knick-nack(小摆设)；namby-pamby(伤感的)； • Helter-skelter(手忙脚乱地)
6.Analogy • Analogy is a proce whereby words are created in imitation of other words(newly created ones or existing ones).• E.g.Existing word
new words created by analogy
sunrise
moonrise;earthrise
chairman
chairwoman;chairperson •
earthquake
starquake •
nightmare
daymare •
environmental pollution
air pollution;water on •
on-the-job
off-the-job – Marathon-----telethon, talkathon – blue-collar workers-----white-collar workers, gray-collar workers﹙维修保养工作者﹚, pink-collar workers﹙典型女性职业工作者﹚, gold-collar workers﹙高级专业人士﹚，bright-gold-collar workers﹙电脑及通讯专业人士﹚
– environmental pollution-----visual or eye pollution, noise pollution, cultural pollution, graffiti pollution – First Family-----First Lady, First Dog – Landscape-----moonscape – Bird’s eye------fish-eye, worm’s-eye, cat’s-eye • cheesecake(女性健美或美腿照)--beefcake(男性健美照)• Hunger strike(绝食抗议)—sleep strike(绝眠抗议)• Sit-in(静坐抗议)—love-in(颓废派青年爱情聚会活动)• Official diplomacy—dollar diplomacy—gunboat diplomacy—quiet diplomacy—people-to-people diplomacy(民间外交)7.WORDS FROM PROPER NAMES • It is the coinage of common words from proper names.• Words from names of scientists(watt ,volt, hertz, ampere,ohm,newton)
watt
from Scottish inventor Watt ampere from French physicist Ampere volt
from Italian physicist Volt ohm
from German physicist Ohm newton from English scientist Newton hertz from German physicist H.R.Hertz
• Words from names of politicians and statesmen(quisling, McCartyism)（quisling-卖国贼/内奸，二战期间挪威总理；McCarthy-美共和党议员，1951-1954发动反共产党和迫害民主进步力量的法西斯行径）
• Words from names of places(china, watergate, champagne)• Words from names of trademarks(kodak, frisbee-‘‘弗里斯比”飞碟)• Words from names of literature: utopia(an imaginary perfect society)is from Sir Thomas More’ s book Utopia;odyey(an extended journey)from Homer’s epic The Odyey;Uncle Tom;Godfather;catch-22(进退维谷的局面）
