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Unit Eight Mysteries of the Universe Ⅰ.Teaching Aims
1.Language Learning: to have a good command of pronunciation and practical use of new words and phrases.2.Ability Training: to master the translation skill— denotation and connotation, logic link translation III.3.Morality Development: to learn about top 8 mysteries of the universe and develop the student’s curiosity of the universe.Ⅱ.Key Points 1.Explain the important new words and phrases in the text.2.The main idea and structure of the text.Ⅲ.Difficult Points 1.Understand the meaning of difficult sentences.2.Enable students to master the writing skill.Ⅳ.Teaching Methods and Aids 1.presentation, task-based approach, situational teaching, discuion, group study, role-play.2.audio-visual material.V.Teaching Procedures and Time Allotment Periods 1—2: Discu warm-up questions, go through Paage A, do comprehension exercises of the text.Periods 3—4: Detailed study of Paage A and do language-related tasks.Periods 5—6: Finish Paage A and all exercises.Periods 7—8: Listening Comprehension
The First Two Periods Ⅰ.Teaching Aims 1.Be acquainted with all the new words and phrases.2.Go through the text and grasp the main idea and background information of the text.Ⅱ.Key Points 1.All the new words and phrases(P179-180).2.The main idea and structure of the text.Ⅲ.Difficult Points
What is top 8 mysteries of the universe.Ⅳ.Teaching Methods presentation, task-based approach, discuion, group study, role-play V.Teaching Procedures 1.Discu some warm-up questions about the text: 1)Do you agree that the universe is a mystery? Why or why not? 2)Can you list some words to describe the universe? 3)Discu the picture on page 177.Reference:
Stephen Hawking is an internationally renowned mathematician, theoretical physicist.In 1942 he was born in England.When he was in college, began suffering from “spinal muscular atrophy lateral sclerosis”.Later, he was almost entirely paralyzed.In 1985, the lo of language skills, the only tool to expre ideas is a computer voice synthesizer.He can only control the activities of several fingers of a special mouse to select letters on the computer screen, words to sentences, and then play the sound through the computer, usually 5-6 minutes to create a sentence, to a one-hour recording speech synthesis to prepare 10 days.In 1988 he wrote A Brief History of Time: from the Big Bang to Black Holes.2.Allow students 10 minutes to go over the text and obtain a global understanding of the text.Then discu the main idea and structure of the text.Structure of the text: Paage A covers eight paragraphs.The design of the text is one item in one paragraph with the key words as the subtitle.The moment you read the key words you know what the paragraph is about.The 8 Subtitles of the Text: Para.1.Extraterrestrial Intelligence Para.2.The Tunguska Explosion Para.3.Rare Antimatter Para.4.Consciousne Para.5.Dark Matter / Dark Energy Para.6.Time Para.7.The Beginning of the Universe Para.8.End of the Universe 3.Discuing some background information of the text.1)Carl Edward Sagan
Carl Edward Sagan(1934–1996)is an American astronomer.He is world-famous for writing popular science books and for co-writing and presenting the award-winning 1980 television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, which has been seen by more than 600 million people in over 60 countries, making it the most widely watched PBS program in history.2)The Tunguska Explosion It happened on the last day of June 1908.At that precise moment, an object brighter than the morning sun ripped through the atmosphere over Siberia.A trainload of paengers on the trans-Siberian railway stared in horror at the towering pillar of flame roared through the clear blue skies.The sonic boom shook the railway track, convincing the engine driver that one of his coaches had been derailed.3)UFO
Unidentified Flying Object(commonly abbreviated as UFO)is the popular term for any apparent aerial phenomenon whose cause cannot be easily or immediately identified by the observer.Today the term UFO is colloquially used to refer to any unidentifiable sighting regardle of
whether it has been investigated.5.Finish doing comprehension exercises on page 182.6.Read and discu the new words and phrases of this paage.Aignments:
1.Recite the new words and phrases.2.Prepare Paage A
The Second Two Periods Ⅰ.Teaching Aims
1.Undertake a detailed learning of the new words and phrases.2.Study the text in detail.Ⅱ.Key Points: Important words, phrases and sentences Ⅲ.Difficult Points Try to understand some difficult sentences: 1....no matter how rare intelligence is in the universe, how huge the universe is , we must have many neighbors out there somewhere.2.Current models of the universe, and observations made by high-tech instruments, point to there being an enormous amount of matter in the universe beyond what we can actually see.Ⅳ.Teaching Methods
presentation, task-based approach, situational teaching, discuion, group study.V.Teaching Procedures 1.Review the new words and phrases.2.Study paage A in detail and deal with the language points
1).The pursuit has given rise first to religion, then to philosophy, then to people who make fun of religion and philosophy „.(Introduction)pursuit n.the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture e.g.Ironically, the pursuit of materialistic goals usually hinders the pursuit of happine.具有讽刺意味的是，以追求物质生活为目标往往会阻碍我们对幸福的追求。
first to „, then to„, then to „
This pattern can be used to describe a series of actions occurred one after another.e.g.Fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then
to Britain.爱因斯坦逃离德国以后，先是到了法国，然后到了比利时，最后到了英国。Translation: 你首先得激发孩子的学习兴趣, 然后再去教他们。You have first got to motivate children and then teach them.此后彼得两次易名；开始改为路易斯，后来，改为汤姆。
Since then Peter has changed his name twice, first to Luis and then to Tom.2)....Appreciate the fact that it’s so complex that it fascinates us.(Introduction)...the fact that...It is to introduce a clause.e.g.His accent betrayed the fact that he was foreign.他的口音显露出他是外国人。
He revealed the fact that he had been a spy.他透露了他曾为间谍的事实。
...so...that...This pattern is used to stre the cause and the result.e.g.His pronunciation was so bad and his voice was so low that his speech was double Dutch to me.他发的声音太差，声音又小，因此他的演说我根本听不懂。
3).Extraterrestrial Intelligence（Para.1）
extraterrestrial n./ a.a form of life aumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere
外星人;外星太空生物;地球(大气圈)外的;行星际的;宇宙的收藏的价值在于购买或者拥有一件体现收藏家们爱好的特殊物品.e.g.This is not an extraterrestrial.Translation: 外星人会觉得，我们都在讲一种语言中的不同方言。
An extraterrestrial would say we all speak dialects of one common language.4).„ no matter how rare intelligence is in the universe, how huge the universe is, we must have many neighbors out there somewhere.(Para.1)Paraphrase:
„ no matter how rare intelligence is in the universe, how huge the universe is, we must have quite a lot of intelligent beings as our neighbors on planets like our earth in space.no matter how „ how„
In order to avoid repetition, the second “no matter” before the second “how” has been omitted.e.g.No matter how hard it is, how long it will take, I must learn how to do it.Translation: 无论天气多热，路有多难，他都会去那里的。
No matter how hot it is, how hard the road is, he will go there.5).Frank Drake, an astrophysicist, created an equation that helps figure out „(Para.1)figure out: to find the solution to(a problem or question)or understand the meaning of e.g.Can you figure out this puzzle? Translation: 你能想出解决问题的好办法吗？
Can you figure out a good idea to solve this problem?
6).„ and estimated that if only one in a billion planets has intelligent
life, then „(Para.1)estimate vt.to form an approximate idea of(distance, size, cost, etc);calculate roughly e.g.I estimate his age at thirty-five.Translation: 据估计，这座桥梁今年年底可以完工。
It is estimated that the bridge could have been finished by the end of this year.if only: to expre a wish or desire要是多好。e.g.If only she would come!Translation: 要是你早些时候告诉我就好了。If only you had told me that some time ago.7).What is it about Earth that makes no one in the universe want to play with us?(Para.1)Paraphrase: What is wrong with the earth? Why do human beings on the earth not get any intelligent beings in space to communicate with? to make somebody do something 使某人做某事 The sentence pattern is “make + sb.+ do sth.” e.g.The boy made the baby laugh by making a face at him.Translation: 无论什么事都不能使我改变主意。Nothing will make me change my mind.to play(with/sb./sth.)玩耍；游戏 e.g.The kid was playing with his ball
Translation: 玛丽的妹妹正和伙伴们在屋子附近玩。
Mary’s sister was playing with her friends near the house.8).Locals many miles away saw something bright blue streak toward the area and explode with incredible force.(Para.2)Paraphrase:
The local people saw a sudden bright flash move very quickly in a direction towards an area and heard a very loud explosion.The word “locals” is used as a noun to represent the local people.There are some words that can be used in this way, like the rich, the poor, etc.streak vi.n.1)to move quickly in a straight line 2)a sudden flash(a streak of lightning)e.g.The plane streaked acro the sky.Translation: 有只狗在后面，这只猫飞快地越过马路。The cat streaked acro the road with a dog behind it.9).Matter and antimatter are, in theory, created at the same time by the same event.(Para.3)antimatter n.matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those making up normal matter e.g.Why does television create antimatter? Matter and antimatter are perfect opposites.物质和反物质是理想的对立事物。Word Formation：
anti-: meaning: against;opposed to e.g.anti-social
反社会
anti-aircraft
防空的 antibiotic
抗生素
10).When a normal baryonic particle is created, an antiparticle of the same ma and opposite charge is also created.(Para.3)baryonic a.Of or relating to a baryon [物]重子的 e.g.The baryonic gas is able to emit radiation.重子气体能辐射电磁波 baryon n.any of the elementary particles having a ma equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions [物] 重子 e.g.However, the elementary unit of gravity-baryon, was never found.Therefore, after half a century of research, physicists were still not united in their view of the universe.antiparticle n.A subatomic particle identical to another subatomic particle in ma but opposite to it in electric and magnetic properties 反粒子 e.g.A horizontal bar over a particle symbol is used to designate the antiparticle.粒子符号上加一横，用来表示反粒子。
11).But it’s hard to deny that our ability to reflect on our own thoughts is something distinct and interesting.(Para.4)We can also use pattern “It’s not(easy, difficult, etc.)to do sth.” Similar expreions: It’s easy to identify his script.他的笔迹容易辨认。something distinct and interesting 特别而且有趣的事。
The adjectives “distinct” and “interesting” are put after the indefinite pronoun “something”.This usage also occurs in “nothing”, “anything”
and “everything”.e.g.Have you got anything important to tell me? There is nothing wrong with the machine.12).If so, how long will it be before a computer becomes self-aware and asks for equal rights?(Para.4)self-aware a.characterized by an awarene of one's own personality or individuality e.g.They are self-aware and understand butterfly effect.Translation: 一个人要有自知之明。A man has to be self-aware.13).How can you tell true consciousne from something designed to simulate it?(Para.4)The word “designed” in “something designed” is used as an adjective to modify the word “something”.This kind of usage has been seen very often, like “something observed, nothing stimulated, etc.” The same rule goes with words like “anything, nothing”, etc.14).Current models of the universe, and observations made by high-tech instruments...(Para.5)high-tech n.style of interior design featuring industrial products, materials, or designs 高科技 e.g.There is a rush for high-tech stocks.出现购买高科技股的热潮
15).In fact, we can only seem to perceive about 4% of the stuff in the universe directly.(Para.5)
perceive v.to become aware of through the senses 感知；感觉 e.g.How did foreigners perceive China? 外国人对中国的认识如何？ Did you perceive anyone come in? 你有没有发觉有人进来？
16).Opinions vary on whether we can expect the universe to ever expire.(Para.8).expire v.to pa from physical life e.g.Your visa will expire tomorrow.你的签证明天到期。Translation：
我们现有合同快要期满了，需要再谈一个新合同。
Our current contract is about to expire, and we'll need to discu a new one.Aignment: Do exercises III(page 182-184).The Third Two Periods Ⅰ.Teaching Aims 1.Master all the new words and phrases.2.Understand long and difficult sentences.Ⅱ.Key Points 1.Reading skill: reading between lines II 2.Writing skill : memo and fax 3.Translating skills: denotation and connotation, logic link translation III Ⅲ.Difficult Points Translating skills: denotation and connotation, logic link translation III Ⅳ.Teaching Methods
situational teaching ,discuion, group study.V.Teaching Procedures: 1.Recall words, phrases, main idea of the text.2.Enrich the students’ word power.(Do Ex.III on P182-184)3.Introduce reading skill: reading between lines II.4.Introduce writing skill: memo and fax 5.Introduce translating skill: denotation and connotation, logic link translation III.6.Divide the students into pairs and practice the situational dialogues on P198.Summary: Exploring the great unknowns must be one of the oldest hobbies in human experience.So, 8 mysteries of the universe are talked about in this text.The first is about the “Extraterrestrial Intelligence.” Is there other intelligent life out there in the universe? If we have many neighbors out there somewhere, what is it about Earth that makes no one in the universe want to play with us?Another is the “Tunguska Explosion”.Something bright blue exploded with incredible force in Tunguska.Why did it explode in the air? Why haven’t we found any pieces? “Matter and antimatter” are, in theory, created at the same time by the same event.However, while we have created antimatter in laboratories on Earth, we don’t see it in the universe around us.“Consciousne” is another mystery.What is the mind? Is it a mere side-effect of the way our brains work? Can consciousne survive the death of the brain that carries it? There is an enormous amount of matter in the universe beyond what we can actually see.We can only see about 4% of the stuff in the universe directly.Aignment: 1.Study Paage B, Paage C after cla.2.Do the rest exercises on the textbooks.3.Study Unit 1 in Fast Reading(Book 3).Teaching Notes:
