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演讲秘笈常见误区逐一数
Speeches are meant to be heard，not read.That means you have to keep your language simple and easily understood.Write for the ear，not the eye.Remember： your audience will have only one shot[一次使用] to get your meage.They can’t go back and reread a section that’s fuzzy[模糊的]，as they can with a book or a newspaper article.Get rid of[摆脱] any fuzzy parts before you give the speech.Here are some pitfalls[易犯的错误] to avoid at your next speech or presentation[陈述]：
演讲不是用来读的，而是用来听的。也就是说，你必须让自己的演讲用词保持简单易懂。写稿时要考虑的是耳朵，而不是眼睛。
切记：听众只有一次机会接收你要传达的内容。他们不能像看书或者阅读报纸上的文章那样，哪里不太清楚就回头重读一遍。在发表演讲前将所有含混不清的内容清理掉。
下一次进行演讲或者做陈述时，要注意避开以下这些误区喔――
You may know what HEW，SEC，and FCC stand for，but don’t aume[假设] that everyone else does.You have to explain every abbreviation you use―not every time you use it，but at least the first time.The same goes with acronyms[首字母缩略词]，such as NOW for the National Organization for Women and PAC for Political Action Committee[委员会].Unlike those abbreviations that are pronounced letter by letter（HEW，SEC，FCC，for example），acronyms are pronounced[发音] like words.You can use them in a speech，but be sure to identify[辨认] them the first time.你也许知道“HEW”（美国卫生教育和福利部）、“SEC”（美国证券交易委员会）以及“FCC”（美国联邦通信委员会）分别代表什么，不过可别指望其他人也和你一样。你必须对所提到的每一个缩略词进行解释――并不是每次提到这个词都要解释一番，但至少在第一次提及时要进行说明。
首字母缩写也是同理，比如“NOW”（美国全国妇女组织）和“PAC”（美国政治行动委员会）这类。和那些要一个个字母进行发音（例如HEW、SEC和FCC）的缩略词不同，首字母缩写以单词形式发音。你可以在演讲时使用这些缩写，不过在第一次提到时一定要解释清楚。
If your speech is filled with statements such as，“This has been a most challenging year，” or，“We all face a golden opportunity，” it is probably high on fluff and low on content.Listen to speeches that you can aume to be ghostwritten[代笔的]―speeches，for example，that are given by a top CEO or by the U.S.President.These speeches will have fewer “challenges”and “opportunities” in their texts.Why？ Because profeional speechwriters know better.Review your speech and get rid of any glib[油腔滑调的] expreions.If you want your meage to stand out，put content―not fluff―into your speech.如果你的演讲里都是“这一年极富挑战”或者“我们面临着绝好的机遇”这样的说辞，你的稿子大概就会显得空话连篇，缺乏实际内容。
去听几篇想来也是有代笔的演讲吧，比如某位一流CEO的演说或者美国总统的讲话。这些演讲稿子里不会出现太多 “挑战”与“机遇”，为什么呢？因为专业的演讲撰稿人太懂行了。
重读你的演讲，清理掉所有油嘴滑调的表述。如果你想凸显自己要表达的意思，就在稿子里用内容说话，不要说套话。
Let the audience hear your time frame[框架] first.Say “Since 2013，we have„” Don’t say，“We have„since 2013.” This technique[技巧] improves audience comprehension[理解].It’s also easier for a speaker to deliver.（Try it both ways.Read both versions aloud.You’ll hear the difference.）Same for geography.Put location references at the beginning of sentences.Let the audience hear the geography before you provide other details.If all your sentences are long，no one will be able to follow you.But if all your sentences are short，your speech may become boring.People get tired of hearing the same rhythm[节奏].If you use a rather long sentence，precede[在„„之前] or follow it with a short，punchy[强力的] one.The contrast will catch your audience’s attention.让听众首先知道你的时间框架，要说“从2013年起，我们就„„”，而不是“我们一直„„从2013年起”。这种小技巧能让听众加深理解，同时让演讲者更易于传达自己的意思。（两种句型都尝试一下，将其大声念出来，你就会听出两者之间的差异。）地理方面同理。将地点信息放在句首，让听众首先听到地理位置，然后才说出其他细节。
如果你采用的都是长句，没有人能够跟得上你的演讲；但如果你采用的都是短句，你的演讲也许会变得非常乏味。一直听着重复不变的节奏会让人感到厌烦。如果你要用一个相当长的句子，在此前后不妨用上强有力的短句，这种对比就能引起听众的注意。
Try this test.Pick any two-to-three-page segment[段] of your speech manuscript[手稿] and underline the adjectives.Now，delete some of those adjectives―read the section out loud―and see if your speechwriting sounds crisper[干脆利落的] and stronger.If you really need those adjectives，fine，put them back in.If not？ Just leave them out.You’ll probably find the meage becomes stronger when you take away these words.来做个测试吧：在你的演讲稿里随便选两到三页片段，用下划线将形容词标出来。删掉其中一些形容词，大声朗读选段――你的稿子听起来是不是更加干脆利落、强势有力呢？如果你确实需要加上这些形容词，没问题，把它们填回去。如果并非必需？那就把它们删掉吧。清理掉这些词语之后，你大概会发现自己要表达的信息变得更加有力了。
Speakers who give their audiences longdrawn-out[拖长的] presentations will flat-out[完全地] lose their audiences.Listeners fortunate enough to sit on the aisle[通道] or at the back of the auditorium[观众席] will simply stand up and walk out.Those poor folks stuck in the middle of the room might not be able to leave physically，but they’ll leave mentally： texting friends，making grocery lists[购物清单]，or just plain dozing off[打瞌睡].Either way，a speech that’s too long will lose its audience.So，in short，cut as much as poible.David Belasco，the great American theatrical producer，once said，“If you can’t write your idea on the back of my calling card，you don’t have a clear idea.”
发表冗长讲话的演讲者只会彻底失去听众。坐在过道边上或者在礼堂后排的幸运儿便会直接起身离场，而那些坐在场馆中间的可怜家伙，虽然肉体不能离开，但他们的心早就飘远了：有的给朋友发短信，有的在列购物清单，有的干脆打个盹儿。不管怎样，一个演讲如果过长，就会流失听众。简而言之，（稿子）要尽可能地删到最简。优秀的美国戏剧制片人大卫?贝拉斯科说过：“如果你不能在我的名片背面写下自己的立意，（那就是说）你的立意还不够明晰。”
