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英国驻华大使在西南政法大学有关低碳经济演讲
Global low carbon development from Copenhagen to Chongqing British Ambador to China Sir William Ehrman Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China 3 December 2009从重庆到哥本哈根看全球低碳经济的发展 英国驻华大使 欧威廉爵士
I am delighted to be at the South-West University of Political Science and Law today – and to be delivering a speech about the upcoming climate change conference in Copenhagen and how low carbon development can serve Chongqing‟s own development goals.今天，我非常高兴能够来到西南政法大学，谈谈即将在哥本哈根召开的气候变化会议，讨论发展低碳经济如何能够帮助重庆实现自己的发展目标。
The conference – and the deal it aims to seal – is without question at the very top of today‟s international agenda.It is also one of the British Government‟s key priorities and, as demonstrated by last week‟s setting of a carbon emiions target, it is of central importance to the Chinese Government too.毫无疑问，此次会议及其所希望达成的协议，是当今国际事务的重中之重，也是英国政府的首要任务之一。上周制定的二氧化碳排放目标表明，它对中国政府来说也至关重要。
The effects of climate change today are visible, including in China: the Tibetan glaciers are melting(with important effects on the flow of water in most of the great rivers in Asia-the Sutlej, Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Irrawady, Yellow River, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Sir and Amu Darya).We are seeing more frequent floods, increased drought, desertification and water scarcity.气候变化造成的影响是显而易见的，在中国也是如此：西藏冰川正在日益消融（这对亚洲大多数的重要河流都造成了严重的影响，其中包括萨特累季河、印度河、恒河、雅鲁藏布江、伊洛瓦底江、黄河、长江、湄公河、怒江、锡兰河和阿姆河）。如今洪水日益频繁，干旱日趋严重，沙漠化与日俱增，水资源利用殆尽。
UK research shows that without active mitigation against the current level of emiions, the world's temperature will rise by 4 degrees by the end of the century compared to the pre-industrial level.That would mean 23% of China‟s population deprived of the dry season glacier melt, making water scarcity far more severe than it is even today.It would mean a decrease in rice yield of up to 30% would be likely.Sea levels could rise by 0.9 metres.英国研究表明，如果我们不采取积极的措施降低目前的排放量，到本世纪末，全球气温将比工业革命前上升4度。这将意味着届时23%的中国人在旱季无法享用冰川融水，水资源缺乏现象甚至比今天更为严重。这同时意味着水稻可能减产高达30%，海平面上升0.9米。
The UK, starting from the Industrial Revolution, pursued rapid development.It was only later that we turned to sustainable development.China, now the world's biggest emitter, is working on both in parallel.This is to be praised.从工业革命起，英国经济开始腾飞，只是我们后来才意识到可持续发展的重要性。作为目前世界上排放量最大的国家，中国将经济的快速发展与可持续发展并重。这是值得褒奖的。
Developed countries recognise their historic responsibility and need to take the lead in combating climate change.The UK was the first country to introduce legally-binding carbon budgets.These commit us to carbon savings of 34% by 2020 and at least 80% by 2050 against a 1990 baseline.The UK's per capita emiions, now 10 tonnes per annum, may fall below China's, now 6 tonnes per annum but rising, by around 2016.Our policies and work to combat climate change in the UK are transforming how we generate power and use it in our homes, businees, transport and public services, and are creating new jobs and industries for a low carbon economy.发达国家意识到他们的历史责任，必须在应对全球气候变化的斗争中起带头作用。英国是第一个将碳预算写入法律的国家。根据预算，我们以1990年为基准，到2020年将二氧化碳的排放量降低34%，到2050年至少降低80%。英国人均排放量现在每年10公吨，到大约2016年左右，将低于中国现在人均每年6公吨的水平（但是中国这个数字还在上升）。我们制定政策、做出努力，以转变我们生产能源的方式，也转变我们的家庭、企业、交通和公共服务领域使用能源的方式，低碳经济得以发展，又创造了新的工作岗位、开辟了新的产业。
Unlike Europe, most of the homes, offices, power stations and infrastructure that will exist in China in 2030 have not yet been built.This means China's capacity for green growth and innovation is potentially enormous.与欧洲不同的是，2030年之前，中国还有很多的房子、办公楼、发电站以及各种基础设施需要建设，这意味着中国在发展绿色经济和创新方面，潜力巨大。
China has adopted a stretching target between 2006-10 to improve energy intensity by 20%.By 2020 it plans for 15% of its total energy mix to come from renewables and nuclear.Its solar, wind, hydro and nuclear industries are developing rapidly.Forest cover is to be 20% by 2010 and 23% by 2020(from just 9% in 1949).In 2008 President Hu committed China to a low carbon economy.China's leaders see the harmful economic effects of climate change.China's middle cla, now about 80 million, want a better city environment.In July this year, China agreed at an international meeting that it would take action between 2005 and 2020 to ensure a meaningful deviation from busine as usual in its emiions and committed to the goal of limiting global temperature increases to no more than 2 degrees from pre-industrial levels.In September President Hu said carbon intensity would be reduced by a notable margin over this period.Last week China announced that it would aim for a 40-45% reduction in carbon intensity between 2005 and 2020.This, and recent statements by several other countries, are an important opening contribution ahead of the crucial negotiations in Copenhagen.As the Danish Prime Minister has said, we hope China's emiions will peak by 2020.I know Britain and China will both be working hard for agreement at Copenhagen.中国制定了一个雄心勃勃的目标，即从2006年到2010年将能源强度提高20%。预计到2020年，总能源结构中的15%来自可再生能源和核能源。中国的太阳能、风能、水能和核能产业正在蓬勃发展。森林覆盖率将于2010年达到20%，于2020年达到23%（1949年森林覆盖率仅为9%）。2008年胡锦涛主席作出承诺，中国将全力发展低碳经济。中国的领导人意识到了气候变化给经济造成的不利影响。中国的中产阶级，目前大约8000万人，希望城市环境得到改善。今年7月份，中国在一次国际会议上做出承诺，在2005年到2020年间作出行动，大幅降低其惯常排放量，以积极为全球气温与工业革命前相比上升不会超过两度的目标贡献力量。9月份胡锦涛主席表示，在此段时间内单位GDP碳排强度将有大幅下降。上周中国表示，要在2005年到2020年间，将单位GDP碳排浓度降低40－45%。在哥本哈根会议关键的磋商开始前，中国有此表态，意义重大。正如丹麦首相所说，我们希望中国的排放在2020后会有所下降。我相信，英国和中国将携手共进，争取哥本哈根协议得以通过。
The way the world interacts with China on climate change is important.We emphatically do not want to slow China's development.We oppose border adjustment tariffs.The UK is working closely with China on more than 20 climate change projects, among them to develop a Near Zero Emiions Coal-fired demonstration power station by 2015 and to set up low carbon zones.British financial institutions are providing 40% of all the finance for Clean Development Mechanism projects in China.We are doing all this in the spirit of equals addreing a common problem, for which developed countries carry a particular responsibility.I am delighted that the recent EU-China Summit has decided to upgrade the EU-China Dialogue on Climate Change.在应对气候变化方面，至关重要的是世界与中国如何相互作用。必须强调，我们不想减缓中国的发展速度，并坚决反对边境调整关税。目前英国正与中国密切合作，携手开展20多个气候变化项目，其中包括到2015年建成一个近零排放的示范型煤发电站，和建立几个低碳区。英国的金融机构为中国的清洁发展机制项目提供40%的资金支持。我们此举是本着平等解决共同问题的精神，发达国家对这一问题尤其应该承担责任。
Low carbon development is consistent with and can drive Party Secretary Bo Xilai‟s Five Chongqings initiative, that is, a healthy Chongqing, a liveable Chongqing, a safe Chongqing, a Chongqing with smoothly-flowing traffic and a forest Chongqing.发展低碳经济与***书记提出的五个重庆计划倡议是一致的，而且能够促进此五个计划的实现，即健康重庆，宜居重庆，平安重庆，畅通重庆，森林重庆。
UK Trade and Investment(UKTI)and British businees are keen to be part of the five Chongqings initiative.An MoU on the sustainable initiative signed last September is the basis for strong working partnerships which are being formed between British businees and Chongqing.I was at the signing ceremony between Arup, a British company, and Wubao Town this afternoon.Arup will help Wubao town to plan for sustainable development by designing a model village.Wardell Armstrong, another British company is in discuions with Wansheng District on equipment supply for coal gauge purification.The Wales Low Carbon Research Institute together with the Chongqing Science Institute is planning to establish a new research centre here in Chongqing which allows UK busine to better understand the local requirement in the field of low carbon and sustainability.英国贸易投资总署和英国的公司非常希望能够参与五个重庆的建设。去年9月份英国和重庆公司签署了一项关于可持续倡议的协议，这为加强两地公司正日益形成的合作奠定了基础。当天下午我在英国公司Arup和五宝镇的仪式签署现场。Arup公司将设计一个示范村，以协助五宝镇实现可持续发展。另外一个英国公司Wardell Armstrong现在正与万盛区讨 论关于媒矸石净化设备供应问题。威尔士低碳研究所与重庆市科技研究院携手，计划在重庆建立一个新的研究中心，从而英国公司可以更好地了解当地在发展低碳领域和可持续发展方面的要求。
Other positive developments include discuions between Chongqing Municipal Government and a UK company called Noble House to develop a high-tech low carbon zone.And Trefoil Technology-RTAL and Chongqing University have conducted a joint lab experiment for about 2 years on turning sludge into valuable aggregate used in construction material such as concrete.除此之外，英国的Noble House正与重庆市政府探讨，建立一个低碳高科技园区。Trefoil Technology－RTAL与重庆大学用两年的时间，共同进行了一项实验室实验，研究将淤渣污泥变为有用的建筑材料，如水泥。
Of the Five Chongqings, let‟s start with healthy Chongqing.Air pollution is a challenge for all countries at China‟s phase of development and the UK was no different.One of the aspects of low carbon development which arguably does not get enough attention concerns the so-called „co-benefits‟, that is, social benefits unrelated to the reduction of greenhouse gas emiions.Moving to a low carbon development model can improve local air quality through reduced conventional pollution.Chongqing has already had considerable succe on the iue of clean air.In 2008, Chongqing had 297 days with good air quality, compared with 187 days in 2000.关于五个重庆，我们先说说健康重庆。对所有处于中国目前发展阶段的国家来说，空气污染都是一个挑战，英国以前也不例外。发展低碳经济备受争议的一个方面就是所谓的“共同效益”，即降低温室气体的排放和社会效益无关，对此人们重视不够。发展低碳经济模式能够减弱传统的污染，改善当地的大气质量。重庆在清洁大气方面已经取得了可观的成绩。2008年重庆良好空气质量天数为297天，而2000年良好空气天数仅为187天。
The Liveable Chongqing campaign is delivering new, attractive buildings for Chongqing‟s residents.New construction is a tremendous opportunity: making these buildings energy efficient not only saves carbon, it saves money.It has been noted that broadly speaking, it is six times cheaper to make a building energy efficient than to build a non-efficient building and the power supply to deliver the required extra electricity.宜居重庆倡议会给重庆居民带来新型、外观优美的建筑。新的建筑提供了广阔的机遇：建这样的节能型建筑，不仅能降低碳排放，还能省钱。值得一提的是，大致上来说，与建非节能型建筑并提供满足其额外用电需求的供电设备相比，建节能型建筑所需费用仅为其六分之一。
These buildings are also usually more physically pleasant places to live.China‟s current five-year plan calls for energy savings of 50 percent for new buildings nationwide and up to 65 percent for buildings in the four large municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing.I understand that you are making good progre in this area.一般来说这些建筑外形优美，适合居家。根据中国当前的五年计划，全国范围内建造新的建筑节能要达到50%，对四个直辖市北京，上海，天津和重庆来说，节能要达到65%。我知道你们在这方面正在向前进步。
As I have already said, many British companies in China have world-cla expertise at sustainable design and they are working with Chongqing to help you meet your goals.In fact UK companies are at the heart of Chongqing‟s development.PRP for example is contributing to the Yuzhong district regeneration project.Arup is providing sustainable design for the construction of the tallest tower in Chongqing, the Jialing Sail Shadow International Trade Centre, and BioRegional hopes to be able to transfer their low carbon capability to Chongqing through the “One Planet Living” project.正如我刚才所说，中国的许多英国公司拥有世界一流的可持续发展设计的经验，他们正与重庆共同努力，为实现你们的目助一臂之力标。事实上，我们对重庆的发展至关重要。比如，PRP促进了渝中区的改造工程。Arup公司正为重庆超高层建筑群“嘉陵帆影•国际经贸中心”设计可持续发展的方案。BioRegional希望通过“一个地球生活”项目将其低碳发展技术转移给重庆。
