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African Americans(also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes)are citizens or residents of the United States who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and are the direct descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States.Most African Americans are of West African descent.However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may also self-identify with the term.African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States.Political legacy African Americans have fought in every war in the history of the United States.The gains made by African Americans in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements not only obtained certain rights for African Americans, but changed American society in far-reaching and fundamentally important ways.Prior to the 1950s, Black Americans in the South were subject to de jure discrimination, or Jim Crow.They would often be the victims of extreme cruelty and violence, sometimes resulting in deaths: by the post WWII era, African Americans became increasingly discontented with their long-standing inequality.In the words of Martin Luther King, Jr., African Americans and their supporters challenged the nation to “rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed that all men are created equal...” The Civil Rights Movement marked a sea-change in American social, political, economic and civic life.It brought with it boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, court battles, bombings and other violence;prompted worldwide media coverage and intense public debate;forged enduring civic, economic and religious alliances;and disrupted and realigned the nation's two major political parties.Over time, it has changed in fundamental ways the manner in which blacks and whites interact with and relate to one another.The movement resulted in the removal of codified, de jure racial segregation and discrimination from American life and law, and heavily influenced other groups and movements in struggles for civil rights and social equality within American society, including the Free Speech Movement, the disabled, women, Native Americans, and migrant workers.
