英语演讲选修课chapter 6 7language_delivery由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“英语演讲选修课”。
chapter 6-7 language_delivery
Language is important Meaning of words Using language accurately Using language clearly Using language vividly Using language appropriately A note on inclusive language
Using language clearly
1.Use familiar words
2.Choose concrete words
3.Eliminate clutter
2.Choose concrete words
Concrete words: words that refer to tangible objects
Abstract words: words that refer to ideas or concepts
Keep this in mind: few words are completely abstract or concrete.Abstractne and concretene are relative.Two main ways to use moving and vivid language: imagery and rhythm
1.Imagery:(意象）
The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions or ideas.It is a word picture that gets you totally involved.Three ways to generate imagery:
A.Concrete words
B.Simile（明喻）
An explicit comparison introduced with the word “like” or “as” between things that are eentially different yet have something in common.Example:
C.Metaphor（暗喻）
Unlike simile, metaphor does not contain the words “like” or “as”.2.Rhythm（节奏）
The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words.Four basic stylistic devices to improve the rhythm
A.Parallelism（排比）: the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences.Examples:
①Rich and poor, intelligent and ignorant, wise and foolish, virtuous and vicious, man and1
woman---it is ever the same, each soul must depend wholly on itself.(Elizabeth Cady Stanton)
②There is no Negro problem.There is no Southern problem.There is no Northern problem.There is only an American problem.(Lyndon Johnson)
③I speak as a Republican.I speak as a woman.I speak as a United Sates Senator.I speak as an American.(Margaret Chase Smith)
B.Repetition
Repeating the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of succeive clauses or sentences
①When you see your street, see my street.When you see your house, see my house.When you see your children, see my children.(Whitney Young, Jr.)
②We will not tire, we will not falter, we will not fail.(George W.Bush)
C.Alliteration（头韵法）
Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.Examples:
①Peace is eential for progre, but progre is no le eential for Peace.(Liaquat Ali Khan)②In a nation founded on the promise of human dignity, our colleges, our communities, our country should challenge hatred wherever we find it.(Hillary Rodham Clinton)
D.Antithesis 对比法
The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.Examples:
①Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.(John.F.Kennedy)
②Your succe as a family, our succe as a society, depends not on what happens at the White House, but on what happens inside your house.(Barbara Bush)
Using language appropriately恰当地使用语言
1.Appropriate to the occasion
2.Appropriate to the audience
3.Appropriate to the topic
4.Appropriate to the speaker
A NOTE ON INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE
Inclusive language: language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the
basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors.Four basic methods of delivering a speech
Reading from a manuscript: A speech that is written out word for word and read to the
audience. Reciting from memory
Speaking impromptu: a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation. Speaking extemporaneously: A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is
presented from a brief set of notes.The speaker’s voice
The aspects of voice you should work to control are:
Volume音量
Pitch音高
Rate频率
Pauses停顿
Vocalvariety 嗓音变化
Pronunciation
The speaker’s voice
volume : the loudne or softne of the speaker’s voice. Pitch: the highne or lowne of the speaker’s voice. Rate: the speed at which a person speaks.The speaker’s body
1.Personal appearance
2.Movement
3.Gestures
4.Eye contact
There are four basic methods of delivering a speech, They are
Reading from a manuscript. Reciting from memory
Speaking impromptu
Speaking extemporaneously
