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浅谈英语演讲如何为英语教学服务
英语演讲是一种文化精髓的浓缩,是语言精华的体现,音节在这里变成飞扬的符号,情感在这里变的跌宕起伏,浓缩的英语微观世界。英语演讲作为交际的必要手段有着非常实用的技能和多为展现的价值。在新课标中,遵循“为用而学、在用中学、在学中用,学而能用”的原则和方向,结合新课标在课堂中实践,在其中的实践就会包含有“演讲”这一形式。我将结合自己的教学实践和大家一起分享在新课标中如何运用英语演讲:(三步训练法)一篇好的英语演讲从声音上就是一部完美的曲子,好的音乐,余韵袅袅,给人绕梁三日的美感和享受。纸上的文字,本来就潜伏着无穷的乐感,出声朗读,语言的乐感和美感就被激活。开口朗读,宛如一位钢琴手,飞起十指,那无声的乐谱,顿时赋予了新的生命,有声有色,鲜活感人。在英语课前10分钟或者早自习10分钟,把名人名篇英语演讲作为语音范听对于学生听力的练习是非常有好处的,在众多名人英语演讲中选择适合你所教学生语言水平的内容是非常重要的,过于简单没有挑战性,无法引起学生的注意力;同样难度过于大的演讲,会让学生产生挫败感,丧失学习兴趣并且增加压力。比如说著名的Martin Luther King, Jr.的“I HAVE A DREAM”全篇演讲一共11分50秒,由于时间的原因可以节选其中最经典的部分“have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident;that all men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Miiippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppreion, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color if their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.This is our hope.This is the faith that I go back to the South with.With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.”这部分是全文的第一高潮,文中生词较少,适合高中一年级下学期或者是高二上学期学生收听。第一次训练的时候,可以用复读机进行语速慢放设置,让学生先适应,然后在十分钟内反复听,学生逐渐熟悉了这篇演讲的高潮、主题和内容,更重要的对语音语调的感觉;给学生下发这篇演讲的原文,其中已经把生字标注,让第一次听的模糊感觉清晰化,落实到具体的书面上,这样学生在脑海中肯定或改正了听到的第一印象;同时教师在下一次英语课的课前或早自习时再进行第二次训练,让学生边看边听原文,用笔把有连读和抑扬语调标注出来,并且给出正确正确答案,然后反复听原文。在第三次训练中,利用投影仪或者电视播放演讲原文实况,让学生通过视觉上演讲者的表情和体态感受演讲所传达的情感,然后要求按照标注的语音语调模仿演讲者朗读演讲原文。通过以上的三步训练,学生在语音上对语言的韵律性,文章的节奏感,标
准的英语本土原音有了一定的了解。仅仅每次的十分钟,看似短暂,但如涓涓细流,微微点滴在心。通过一个学期的训练,学生在听力上不断接受英语国家经典演讲的语音刺激;在听力测试中,成绩明显提高,特别是听力技巧上,比如:利用语调的抑扬来判断说话者肯定或否定的态度,即使整句话没有完全听清楚,也能判断出正确答案。
根据新课标要求和对课文的理解,让学生自拟题目进行课上5分钟演讲。如第二册(供高中一年级上学期使用)的第一课Our Body and Healthy Habit中,在INTRODUCTION部分中,有四部分,其中留给学生课前预习作业时,要求自拟题目,100-150字左右的一篇演讲,尽量用自己的语言和经历把对身体健康有利或不利的因素说出来,可以结合课前的INTRODUCTION提供的information.在上英语课时用五分钟进行一下对健康、身体的演讲。
下面是一篇汪浩同学关于健康的演讲稿,My Healthy Habits
My name is Wang Hao , I have very strong body.There are many reasons.Firstly, I eat very healthy , and fresh fruit and vegetables are a very important part of our diet, Secondly, My family live near the river and we have fish about four times a week, my mother let me not eat much fat or sugar.So I don’t have a sweet tooth.At the same time, I take a lot of exercise and am every fit.I’m crazy about running.I’m a member of the school.So as you can see from what I’ve said, I’m a normal kind of person, but I’m stronger than other normal persons.In all, every body should have healthy habits.演讲稿一共124字,结合自己谈了一些观点,同时可以看到一部分结合课前INTRODUCTION提供的information,包括文章的结构和一些词汇。新课标中一册书一共6课,分为六个主题,教师要开始讲一篇新课时,留作业让学生围绕这些主题编写自己的演讲稿。一个学期过后,学生在不知不觉中对新课进行了预习,同时在编写过程中遇到很多生词,拓展了词汇量;还有学生写作能力的提高,在编写演讲稿时他们注意到了,文章要分层次,思路要有逻辑,对许多关联词的运用如:at this time;first;second;at last;next;previously;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally:since then;first of all;afterwards;following this;preceding this.as well as;either...,or...;both...and...for example; for instance;in this case;等等,最有显著成效的是阅读和口语的提高,盛昊然同学是我班英语口语中等偏下的学生,平时在朗读课文的速度也较慢,针对这一情况,起初没有让他马上在同学面前演讲,而是请他在课堂上把演讲稿朗读出来,由一开始的卡壳,到渐渐的流畅平顺起来;最终,在讲第五课“Newspapers and Magazines”时,他鼓起勇气自己以“My favorite Newspapers and Magazines”为题,进行了一次精彩的演讲。经过循序渐进的训练,学生整体上都有了长足的进步。