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关于古埃及文化的英文演讲 culture of egypt language the ancient egyptian language, which formed a separate branch among the family of afro-asiatic languages, was among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus.the coptic language, the only extant descendant of egyptian, is today the liturgical language of the coptic orthodox church.the koiné dialect of the greek language was important in hellenistic alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was later studied by arabic scholars.in the upper nile valley, around kom ombo and aswan, there are about 300,000 speakers of nubian languages, mainly nobiin, but also kenuzi-dongola.the berber languages are represented by siwi, spoken by about 5,000 around the siwa oasis.there are over a million speakers of the domari language(an indo-aryan language related to romany), mostly living north of cairo, and there are about 60,000 greek speakers in alexandria.approximately 77,000 speakers of bedawi(a beja language)live in the eastern desert.literature ancient egyptian literature dates back to the old kingdom, in the third millennium bc.religious literature is best known for its hymns to various gods and its mortuary texts.the oldest extant egyptian literature are the pyramid texts: the mythology and rituals carved around the tombs of rulers.the later, secular literature of ancient egypt includes the wisdom texts, forms of philosophical instruction.the instruction of ptahhotep, for example, is a collation of moral proverbs by an egyptian administrator.the authors of the literature of the old and middle kingdoms(through to the middle of the second millennium bc)seem to have been drawn from an elite administrative cla, and were celebrated and revered into the new kingdom(to the end of the second millennium).in time, the pyramid texts became coffin texts(perhaps after the end of the old kingdom), and finally the mortuary literature produced its masterpiece, the book of the dead, during the new kingdom.the middle kingdom was the golden age of egyptian literature.some notable texts include the tale of neferty, the instructions of amenemhat i, the tale of sinuhe, the story of the shipwrecked sailor and the story of the eloquent peasant.instructions became a popular literary genre of the new kingdom, taking the form of advice on proper behavior.the story of wenamun and the instructions of ani are well-known examples from this period.egypts vast and rich literature constitutes an important cultural element in the life of the country and in the middle east as a whole.egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated.the first modern egyptian novel zaynab by muhammad husayn haykal was published in 1913 in the egyptian vernacular.egyptian novelist naguib mahfouz was the first arabic-language writer to win the nobel prize in literature.many egyptian books and films are available throughout the middle east.other prominent egyptian writers include nawal el saadawi, well known for her feminist works and activism, and alifa rifaat who also writes about women and tradition.vernacular poetry is perhaps the most popular literary genre amongst egyptians, represented most significantly by ahmed fuad nigm(fagumi)and abdel rahman el-abnudi.religion ancient egyptian religion was a polytheistic system that saw the world as in conflict between forces of order and chaos.the pharaoh, representative of order on earth, was seen as divine and descended of the falcon god horus.there was a strong cult of resurrection in the next life centered around the god osiris.islam in egypt came to the country with the succeors of mohammed, and is today the dominant faith with 90% of the population adherents, almost all of the sunni denomination.visual art egyptian art in antiquity the egyptians were one of the first major civilizations to codify design elements in art.the wall paintings done in the service of the pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings.early egyptian art is characterized by absence of linear perspective, which results in a seemingly flat space.these artists tended to create images based on what they knew, and not as much on what they see.objects in these artworks generally do not decrease in size as they increase in distance and there is little shading to indicate depth.sometimes, distance is indicated through the use of tiered space, where more distant objects are drawn higher above the nearby objects, but in the same scale and with no overlapping of forms.people and objects are almost always drawn in profile.early egyptian artists did have a system for maintaining dimensions within artwork.they used a grid system that allowed them to create a smaller version of the artwork, and then scale up the design based upon proportional representation in a larger grid.see also: african art(egypt)[edit] egyptian art in modern times science ptolemy claudius ptolemaeus, given contemporary german styling, in a 16th century engraved book frontispieceptolemy is one of the most famous scientists aociated with egypt.although he was born in greece, he is famous for his work in alexandria.born claudius ptolemaeus(greek: κλα?διο? ∏τολεμα?ο?;c.85 – c.165),he was a greek geographer, astronomer, and astrologer.he is considered by many to be the father of astronomy.in his optics, a work which survives only in a poor arabic translation, he writes about properties of light, including reflection, refraction and colour.his other works include planetary hypothesis, planisphaerium and analemma.ptolemys treatise on astrology, the tetrabiblos, was the most popular astrological work of antiquity and also enjoyed great influence in the islamic world and the medieval latin west.ptolemy also wrote an influential work harmonics on music theory.after criticizing the approaches of his predeceors, ptolemy argued for basing musical intervals on mathematical ratios(in contrast to the followers of aristoxenus)backed up by empirical observation(in contrast to the overly-theoretical approach of the pythagoreans).he presented his own divisions of the tetrachord and the octave, which he derived with the help of a monochord.ptolemys astronomical interests also appeared in a discuion of the music of the spheres.tributes to ptolemy include ptolemaeus crater on the moon and ptolemaeus crater on mars.music and dance egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous egyptian, arabic, african and western influences.as early as 4000 bc, ancient egyptians were playing harps and flutes, as well as two indigenous instruments: the ney and the oud.however, there is little notation of egyptian music before the 7th century ad, when egypt became part of the muslim world.percuion and vocal music became important at this time, and has remained an important part of egyptian music today.contemporary egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of luminaries such as abdu-l hamuli, almaz and mahmud osman, who were all patronized by khedive ismail and who influenced the later work of sayed darwish, umm kulthum, mohammed abdel wahab, abdel halim hafez and other egyptian music giants.belly dance, or raqs sharqi in arabic, may have originated in egypt, and today the country is considered the international center of the art.篇2：埃及演讲稿(英文版)today i would like to introduce egypt to you.once you see those things, pyramid, the mummy, cleopatra the 7th and the sphinx, you may thought about the egypt.but how many other things do you know about this country? well, let me tell you.first, the location: ancient egypt is located in northeastern africa, hand hold the afro-asian two continent traffic thoroughfare, strategic position is very superior, on the other hand, the red sea and india ocean on the east, west, north to the mediterranean sea, the sahara desert in the south east africa plateau and ethiopia plateau.next, i will show you some details.the full name of egypt is the arab republic of egypt.it is also called the kingdom of pyramid, due to its ancient culture.on the other hand, it owns the name as the star of cottonland.just because of the egypt is a big export country of cotton worldwide.the capital of the egypt is cairo.its national flag is a red-white-black one with an eagle in the centre.its national flower is water lily.as we all know that islam is the state religion of this old country.there are also a few of people believe in christian and judaism.for about its population, it’s about 82million live there.and its land area is 1,001,449 sq miles.at present, 1 egyptian pound is equal to 1.02 yuan.egypt, nowadays, is one of the four ancient civilizations.it has influence at the world stage.third, the history time.i am not sure if i could make it clear to you, but i will try me best.now let me tell you how it developed.with the development of the ancient egypt, the other countries turned to be jealous.then, the following history is a history of aggreion.in 525 bc, persian empire attacked the ancient egypt, and set up the 27th dynasty.but the egyptian revolted and overthrown it.unfortunately, in 343 bc, the persian came again.but, 89 years later, here came the macedonian king, alexander the great.his army wiped out the persian.eventually, the pharaoh time which lasting for 3000 years came to an end.the ancient egypt entered hellenistic age.after the death of alexander the great, the country was dominated by his ministry will, the governor of egypt, ptolemy.he built the ptolemy dynasty, and monopolized all of major sectors of economy.surly, people were resentful and suffered for hunger and ruled control.among this dynasty, i have to mention a lady to you, cleopatra the 7th.she was the last leader of the ancient egypt.she contributed a lot to the development of egypt.it is said that she deals with businemen from other countries, and some important trade policy had made egypt rich again.nowadays, you can find plenty of films performing cleopatra the 7th.then, in 30 bc, the roman conquered the land.julius caesar, the empire of roman, took a fancy on cleopatra.but she chose killing herself.after which, her two sons were killed, both in young ages.in 640, the ancient egypt became a nation of arab.and in the middle of 7 century, a lot of egyptian, being called copts, turned to believe in allah.i have to admit that the arabian is smart.in order to decline popular uprising, the government low down the status of arabian, and encouraged them to marry the copts.the arabian dominated the ancient egypt for 2 centuries.and between the middle of 9 century and the middle of 16, there were 5 dynasties, and the capital was settled in cairo during fatima dynasty.the famous al-azhar mosque was built at that time.meanwhile, the economy of egypt went up rising continuously.then in 1517, ottoman empire built by turkish landed on egypt.it was also a nation of the empire.however, it is lucky that the leader of egypt was not disappointed.under the guide of the leader, muhammad ali, the country became the only part with vitality.but, in 1840, many colonists forced ali to accept the treaty of london.so the reform failed and the egypt became a colony.then, egypt started external borrowing.at last, the country was in debt up to 940 million dollars.the governor sold the sovereign rights to the british.in feb.1882, the british invaded egypt, and conquered it in sept.at that time, egypt nominally belonged to ottoman empire, actually it was a british colony.1.succe, as is known, is the pursuit of many ambitious people.it requires much of a person.in my above all, one should be a person of strong perseverance.rome was not built in a day.on our long way to succe, there are undoubtedly many difficulties standing in the way.if we lose heart and give up halfway, nothing can be achieved.throughout history, we havehad many famous succeful people in the world, of whom no one is weak-minded.take the great american scientist edison as an example, he tried experiment after experiment and had one failure after another before he finally invented the bulb, which lighted up the whole world.so we can conclude perseverance can surely be one of the secrets of succe.furthermore, one needs to work hard to realize his dream just as the famous saying goes “hard work leads to succe”.look at these around us and we’ll find diligent people are always the favor of our society.they usually achieve more than expected.why do so many of our clamates of average intelligence go far ahead of others? hard work is definitely supposed to be the answer.and still, i hold that one must keep in pace with the informative world.there’s no denying that our world is changing every day.so one can never be locked alone inside his own room, doing his research work and dedicated to book knowledge how can an isolated person be well-informed enough to go ahead of others? if so, that could be ridiculous.succe is what one desires.so long as one is perseverant, hard working and up-to-date, i am sure succe is near at hand.2...succe is what？what is succe? this is an old topic.however,however, everyone’s understanding of succe is quite different.some people think that having money, house, car, a woman is succeful.some people think that succe is doing something that you want to do.some even deny the existence of succe, he thinks this world is not succeful, only the endle pursuit.so i want to make a new definition of succe: succe is something that people are very eager to do good things gained a sense of satisfaction and excitement.therefore, we do things, no matter big and small, as long as you want to do, and through your efforts made, and you happy, then you succeeded.do not look too far succeful, they should not be too easy to see succe, succe requires your effort.those who believe that succeful people do not exist, in fact, continue to define new goals, they will from what they have done to get happy, they succeeded.(each other.if you follow these principles, you will certainly achieve remarkable succe in thefuture.in my opinion, succe means achieving brilliant results in ones work, that is, making outstanding contributions to the development of the country and bringing happine to the people.so my conclusion is that even if one has made great progre in what he does, i don’t think there’s any reasons for him tobeconceited.3.ucce 大学英语作文
谈到成功时，对于实现成功的原因不同的人有不同的看法。有些人认为勤奋是成功必备的素质，而另一些人则相信聪明人会实现成功。从我的角度来看，我认为毅力和勤奋对于那些想要成功的人是必不可少的。首先，毅力让人离成功越来越近。大多数人都想用不同的方式证明自己的价值。设定自己的目标，向着目标走，就可以使梦想成真了。然而，有些人设立了目标，却在困难面前妥协了将以失败告终。我认为成功与失败之间的差别是毅力。如果我们有毅力，即使我们不聪明，我们也会有很大的不同，但是如果我们没有毅力，我们注定是要失败的。我们都知道，爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。但是，在他发明电灯泡前，他试了为数千次去找一个合适的线。让我们想象一下，如果他在第九百九十九次放弃了，那么他就不可能变得如此成功。因此，我强烈认为，坚持就会成功。
其次，还有一种人是天生聪明的，他们是幸运的。然而，如果他们没有在实现目标之前努力工作，他们当然也会成为失败者。无论我们是否有天资，我们都应该努力工作以获得成功。我认为勤奋是成功的一个有效的方法，因为我相信的“付出和收获”。对于那些不努力工作的人最后是失败的了。在古代，有一个聪明的男孩，在他能说话的时候就可以作优秀的诗歌。当他的父亲发现他孩子的聪明时，他只是让孩子到处作诗歌来炫耀，却从不让他儿子学习别的知识。孩子长大后，人们把他遗忘了，因为他失去了创作能力，成为了普通人。从这件事中，我们可以看到，只有通过努力工作才能获得知识，拥有一个好的 anyway, i think perseverance and hard-working are both important in our way to succe for they enhance us and produce succe 不管怎么样，我觉得毅力和勤奋在成功路上都是很重要的，因为他们提升我们并获得成功。
4.、cease to struggle and you cease to live.—— thomas carlyle 生命不止，奋斗不息。——卡莱尔 you have to believe in yourself.that’s the secret of succe.—— charles chaplin 人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。——卓别林
33、man struggles upwards;water flows downwards.人往高处走，水往低处流。、the people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them.—— bernara shaw 在这个世界上取得成就的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到机会，他们便自己创造机会。——萧伯纳 5.篇4：关于朋友的英语演讲稿
关于朋友的英语演讲稿
hello,everyone.good afternoon.thank you for giving me this opportunity to talk about my top concern.im no.26, ill talk about friend.everyone of us,rich or poor,should at least have one or two good friends.my friend will listen to me when i want to speak, will help me when i need,will take care of me when i am sick,and my friends will go together with me side by side through this journey of life.when i was ten, i was suddenly confronted with the anguish of transferring to other school.i had to left my friends i had ever known.as a kid,i feel lonely when i study in a new environment without a person i had known.nobody i could talk,nobody could know when i feel lonely.the time when i couldnt sleep, ill always mi them, then the tears filled my eyes.later, i became familar with the environment ,and made some friends ,which became my best friends then.they talked with me when i felt lonely, they helped me when i needed, they took care of me when i was sick.even through we were part, we still keep in touch with each other.they work hard in order to gain a higher position in the society and to earn more money for their work.they have few time to share with their friends.with the time goes by, they will be far away from each other.friend is kind of treasure in our lives.its actually like a bottle of wine, the longer it is kept, the sweeter it will be.it also likes a cup of hot tea, when we are in bed time, it will warm our broken hearts.friends,especially best friends.it is what we should have in our lives,and it can make our lives be colorful go beyond our imagination.thanks for your listening.this is what i concerned.大家好。下午好。谢谢你给了我这个机会来谈论我的最关心的问题。我先到,我将会谈论的朋友。我们每个人,无论贫富,都应该至少试一两个好朋友。我的朋友会听我,当我想说,帮助我,当我需要,会照顾我在我生病时,我的朋友和我一起肩并肩在这的人生旅程。
当您是孩子的时候,我突然面对的痛苦转移到另一所学校去。后来,我变得熟悉环境,交了一些朋友,成为我最好的朋友了。他们对我说话的时候感到孤独的时候,他们在我需要的时候帮助过我的人,他们就把照顾我,当我生病了。即便是在我们的一部分,我们仍然保持着联系。在我们的整个生命中,我们将会见太多的人,但只有少数人才能成为我们的朋友。待在一起的时候,我们可以放松自己完全。
