语法速补3常用介词常用介词小结由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“初中英语语法介词总汇”。
常用介词
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。1.about 1)关于=on eg.give sb advice on how to learn English 2)到处 look about环视 3)大约
4)be about to do即将做 eg.I was about to leave when the phone rang.2.above
在...上方/over在垂直的上方 反义:below在...下方 3.acro 横穿,从表面 through竖穿,从内部 4.after
在(位置,时间)后
/behind在(位置)后
before在(位置,时间)前/in front of在(位置)前 in+时间段+将来时 how soon after +时间段+过去时 when after + 一点时间(常用于一般将来时or一般过去时)when 如:The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour.They will visit their teacher after Friday.时间段+later+过去时 when 5.behind
He hangs his coat on a nail behind the door.他把外套挂在门后的一颗钉子上.Beyond 超过 This work is beyond my grasp.这件工作非我力所能及.His bad behavior is beyond a joke.他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围.beside 6.沿着
a.along(没有方向性)We went for a walk along the shore.我们沿着海岸散步.b.up(向上,向说话者走来)The boy climbed up the tree.这个男孩爬上树.c.down(向下,向说话者走去)Will you walk down to the lake with her 你跟她走到湖那头去好吗
7.在…之间
a.between在两者之间 b.among在三者或以上之间
eg.1.She was sitting between John and Tom.What were you doing between eight and nine What's the defference between the two words we found a little house among the trees.The students lived and worked among the workers.Between , among 是介词,必须 +宾格:between you and me 8.at+地点(小地方)//in+地点(大地方)eg.I've been at our school/in the USA.在桌边 at the table at表示“向,朝” eg.look at / laugh at shoot sb 射死,射中/ shoot at sb朝…射击
eg.The hunter shot at the tree , but he didn't shoot any birds.At+时间点 At+价格 At+速度
9.beside=next to在旁边
besides除外还 Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.除了牛奶和干酪外,我们还需要蔬菜.except/ but 除…外 “Every one of us, except him, went to watch the basketball match.” “除他以外,我们都去观看了蓝球比赛.” except for +noun除外(总体肯定,局部否定)except that+clause除外(总体肯定,局部否定)eg.Your compasitions are good except for a few spelling mistakes.* but的几个用法: nothing but nobody but have no choice but to do can't do anything but do 10.by被
在…旁 by the window/ by the river He sat down just by the door.他正坐在门的旁边.by+noun 通过…方式(手段)by bus/
get on the bus/ get off the bus get into the car/get out of the car She earned money by writing.她靠写作挣钱.By+时间的用法:
by+now 与现在完成时连用 by+过去时间 与过去完成时连用
by+将来时间 与将来完成时或一般过去时连用 eg.We have learned over 2000 words by now.had learned by the end of last term.Will learn/will have learned by the end of this term.11.during+宾语 不加从句 eg.在我居住在南京期间: during I stayed in Nanjing(wrong)during my staying in Nanjing(right)实例.I posted the letter some time _____ the week.A.in B.during C.throughout D.within 答案是B项.介词during后面总是一个表示时间的名词,这一名词可以指整段时间,如:It was very cold during the winter(整个冬天,天气都很严寒.)这一名词也可以指一段时间中的时点或时刻,如:She has phoned him four times during the last half an hour.(在刚才的半个小时内,她给他打过四次电话.)在这个例句里during可以被介词in代替,因为in具有within a period(在一段时间内)的意思.但在以下两种情况下不能用in代替during:(1)当所提及的是一个事件或一项活动,而不是一段时间时,如:I didn't learn much during my teacher training.(在教师培训中,我没学到多少东西.);(2)在表示不明确的时间时,用some time + during…表示,如:I dropped in on him some time during my visit to the city.(在我观光那座城市时,我曾顺便看望过他.)12.with和…一起
to live with one's parents 和父母同住 带有 We take dictionaries with us.Without I can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助,我不能做这件事.13.in the morning/afternoon/evening at night 14.像
1).like like you像你那样 like that那样
2).as+从句(或从句的省略句)Please do as I told you./ Please do as I did.as作为 eg.consider/recognize/regard…as 3).几个短语:be like;look like;sound like the same as such as 15.方位介词
in the east of在.....之内的东部 on the east of和......相邻的东部
to the east of/east of在.....之外（不紧密相邻）的东部 【注】
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：Taiwan is in the southeast of China.2.to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：Japan lies to the east of China.3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如： North Korea is on the east of China.at the top of hill=on top of hill在山顶
Last year he spent hisw holiday on a farm in the country south of Boston.16.up to
1).胜任,适合 The machine is up to requirements.这部机器符合要求.The manager is well up to the work..经理十分胜任这个工作.2)是…义不容辞的,是…的职责
It's up to me to finance my yong brother to finish his college study.资助我弟弟完成其大学学业,我义不容辞.It is up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应给他们力所能及的帮助.3)取决于, 必须由….决定
I've given you my advice;whether or not you act it is up to you.我已经把办法告诉了你,是否照办得由你决定了.It's up to you to get to school on time.你是否准时到校由你自己决定.4)一直到(时间)Up to her fourth birthday, the baby slept in a crib.婴孩睡婴儿床一直睡至到四岁.We went swimming up to supper time.我们一直游到吃晚饭的时候.5)一直到(数目),多达
There were up to eight fire engines at the fire.来到火灾现场的消防车多达.I can take up to six people in my car.我的车能载6个人.up to date 最新的,现代化的,切合目前情况的 up to 的常见用法 1.表示程度或数量,表示“达到……程度或数量”,相当于as far as, to.如: Up to ten people can sleep in this tent.这个帐篷至多能睡十人.Everyone has his part to play, from the office boy up to the president.从办公室勤杂员到董事长,每个人都有自己的事做.Our football team played up to its best in the last League matches.我们的足球队在上届联赛中发挥了最高水平.2.表示时间限制,“直到……为止”,相当于till(也可用up till)或until.如: He was here up to a moment ago.他刚才还在这儿呢.The No.5 bus runs up to 9 o'clock in the evening.五路公共汽车一直开到晚上九点.注意:在将来时态中,应用until或till为好.如: I'll wait for you until / till ten o'clock tomorrow.我将等你到明天十点钟.3.表示“够……;合格做……;有资格做……”,相当于good/well/clever enough for或fit for.如: Michael is not really up to the job.迈克尔确实不胜任那项工作.My German isn't up to translating that letter.我的德语还不行,翻译不了那封信.(to为介词,接V-ing形式)Do you feel up to going out, or have you still got a headache 你觉得可以出去还是仍觉得头痛
4.表示“责任”,“义务”,相当于the duty or responsibility of.如: It is up to us to do our best now.我们现在务必要尽最大努力.(sb.后接动词不定式)5.表示“该……做出决定,取决于”,相当于decided or chosen by.如:-Shall we go out for dinner or eat at home-It's up to you.-我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢
-那要由你决定.(you后省略了to decide).6.表示“做;忙于”或“从事于”,相当于doing或busy doing/ with.(非正式语体中)如: The children are quiet;I wonder what they are up to!孩子们很安静,我不知道他们在捣什么鬼!What are you on earth up to 你究竟在搞什么名堂
7.表示“知道”或“识破”,相当于know, aware of.如: He is not up to many things about sports.他对体育运动知道得很少.They cannot deceive me, for I'm up to all their tricks.他们欺骗不了我,因为我能识破他们所有的诡计.
