How to teach english by Jeremy Harmer 归纳总结由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“英语演讲howto”。
1.How to be a good teacher? What makes a good teacher? Make their leon interesting.Love his job Has his own personality and doesn’t hide it from the students.Lots of knowledge, not only his subject Entertainer who can amuse students
Friendly and can help solve problems Has an affinity with the students Try and draw out quite ones/control more talkative ones Can correct people without offending them Helps rather than shouts Know students’ name
Cla management— the ability to control and inspire a cla
How should teachers talk to students Rough tune their language to the students’ levels: exaggerated tone of voice/le complex grammatical structures/le difficult words/eye contact Physical movement – gestures/expreions/mime
How to give instructions: They must be kept as simple as poible/be logical Check if they understand
How to talk in cla: Balance stt and ttt(comprehensible input).Maxim STT
What are the best kinds of leon? Balance between predictable safety and unexpected variety
How important is it to follow a prearranged plan: Concentrated on the teacher’s ability to respond flexibly to what happens in cla, even while attempting to follow a pre-arranged plan.How to be a good learner The hours they spend practicing and always do homework/age/level
How important the students’ motivation Integrative motivation>instrumental motivation
Who is responsible for learning? Good learners take some responsibility learning themselves/encourage self-studying Characters that good claroom learners share: the desirability to using proper learning skills A willingne to listen/to experiment/to ask questions/to think about how to learn/accept correction Adult learner: also can be disruptive like adolescents/nervous about learning/more world knowledge/greater tolerance for “serious learning”.Balance serious study of English with the more entertaining activities.Different levels:
Beginners(false beginners)(elementary)(lower intermediate)intermediate(upper intermediate)advanced Rough tune – different language level/different questions Different activities: pronunciation practice/simple introduction dialogue/abstract discuion
3.how to manage teaching and learning: Teachers’ physical presence in cla: Proximity: how close Appropriacy: crouching down/same level movement: move around the cla to some extent.Make contact with students(esp eye contact)
How to use their voice: Audibility clearly heard without shouting in a disagreeable way Variety stre the need for variety Conservation take good care of their voice
How to mark the stage of leon: Mark stages and changes clearly so that students know what’s going on.Good teachers know how to start the cla and also know how to close it so that there was a feeling of completene.Sitting arrangement:
Orderly rows keep in touch with what’s going on and involve all the students Circles and horseshoes teacher dominated Separate tables tongshang
Student grouping: Whole cla Group work and pair work Solowork
Teacher also should evaluate themselves Try out new techniques/evaluate themselves/find out whether students found them useful or enjoyable/should find variety of means to keep track of their students’ progre
4.how to describe learning and teaching What do we know about language learning
Unconscious learning in natural circumstance Contact with language for the purpose of communication Elements neceary to learn language in the ‘real’ world Exposure motivation use
Element for language learning in claroom:
Engage: to arouse the students’ interest, thus involving their emotions Study: to focus on language or information and how it is constructed Activate: to try out real language use to rehearse for the real world
Esa sequence Teacher’s responsibility to vary the sequences and content of our leons Straight arrow sequence esa Boomerang sequence easa “Patchwork” sequence eaasasea etc.Teaching models: Grammar translation Audio-lingualism PPP TBL CLT
6.how to teach language What does language study consist of: Be exposed to it Understand its meaning Understand its form Practice it
Why do students make mistakes Part of the natural proce of learning
Learning is a gradual development involving different stages Appears to regre but actually they are advancing.Accuracy sometimes doesn’t mean full mastery.How should teacher correct students Point out Ask clamates to help out Not let the student fell humiliated Students sometimes enjoy helping each other
7.How to teach reading Strategic reading Fluent reading Reading teach models: Bottom up models Top-down models Intensive reading approach(baohanqianliangzhe sometimes)Interactive models
Why teach reading: For careers, for study purposes or for pleasure For exposed to English To provide good models for English writing To provide opportunities to study language
What kind of reading should students do? Balance students’ capabilities and their interests Topics and reading text also worth considering Depend on who the students are
What reading skills should students acquire Scan for particular information Skim for the general idea To read for detailed comprehension
Principles behind the teaching of reading
Reading is not a paive skill
Students need to be engaged with what they are reading Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of the text, not just the language Prediction is a major fact in reading Match the task to the topic Exploit reading texts to the full
8.How to teaching writing? Why teach writing? Reinforcement Language development Learning style Writing as a skill
What kind of writing should students do? Abilities and levels Everyday styles Interests How to correct? Avoid over-correction Use written symbols
Handwriting: encourage students to write clearly and legibly Lined paper
9.how to teaching speaking
What kind of speaking should students do? Activate exercise: students use the language at their command to perform some kind lf oral task.Why ? Rehearsal Feedback Engagement
How to correct: In discuion and role-plays, constant interruption form the teacher will destroy the purpose of speaking activity.Note down mistakes, and correct afterwards.Not to single students put for particular criticism.What should teachers do during a speaking activity? Sometimes can join in students’ speaking activities, but should not dominate it.Prompting is often neceary but teachers should do it sympathetically and sensitively.10.how to teaching listening
Why teach listening To hear different varieties and accents To help students to acquire language subconsciously Listening is a skill and can help listeners communicate more effectively.What kind of listening should students do? Authentic listening material and realistic tape Those can help gain confidence at the beginning.Not very long The level and the kind of task that go with a tape
What’s special about listening? Tapes go at the same speed for everyday Students are encouraged to listen for general understanding first rather details immediately Spoken language has a number of unique features Principles behind the teaching of listening? The tape recorder is just as important as the tape Preparation is vital Once will not be enough Students should be encouraged to response to the content of the text, not just to the language.Different listening stages demand different listening task Good teacher exploit listening text to the full
Teaching listening strategies Prediction Inferring Monitoring Clarifying Responding Evaluating
Where does video fit in? Choose video material according to the level and interests of our students Video is richer than audiotape, so that background information can be filled in visually.Students can pay le attention to what they are listening Students may treat it uncritically rather as they treat watching TV – danger
Playing the tape without sound Playing the tape but covering the picture Freezing the picture Divide the cla in half
11.how to use textbooks
Different options for textbook use Omiion/replacement/addition/adaptation Should be used creatively SARS select adapt reject supplement
Addition is look like: personal engagement/word study/word games
Why use text book at all? For teachers: no matter how well it planned, they can be inappropriate for teachers and students.Teacher should ae their contents carefully and use the textbook judiciously for their own ends, rather than have the textbook use and control them.Other advantages
For students: feel more positive about textbook than some teachers.The textbook is reauring.May benefit more from the teacher’s creative use of the textbook How to choose a textbook? Analysis Piloting Consultation Gather opinions
Price/availability/layout and design/methodology/skills/syllabus/topic/stereotyping/teachers’ guide
