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American Realism
American realism was an early 20th century idea in art, music and literature that showed through these different types of work, reflections of the time period.Also, American Realism age is the Gilded Age, an age of exce and extremes, of decline and progre, of poverty and dazzling wealth, of gloom and buoyant hope.Although Americans continued to read the works of Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne, and Poe, the great age of American romanticism had ended.By the 1870s the New England Renaiance had waned.Realism appeared in the United States in the literature of local color, an amalgam of romantic plots and realistic descriptions of things was immediately observable.Naturalism is a new and harsher realism, appearing at the end of the 19 century.Because of perception of society’s disorders, writers try to present characters of low social and economic claes who were dominated by their environment and heredity.The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment;the religious “truths” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.William Dean Howells, the arbiter of 19th century literary realism in America, defines realism: nothing more and nothing le than the truthful treatment of material with an objective point of view.Howells` emphasis has always been on ethics.He strees the need for sympathy and moral integrity, and the need for different social claes to harmoniously adapt to their environment and to another.Henry James is the founder of psychological realism.The literary career of him is generally divided into three periods, in the first periods, James took great interest in international theme;exemplify the mature and formidable style of a third literary period, which critics have come to praise as “The Major Phase”.In his critical commentaries, he made major contributions to the art of fiction itself, helping to transform the novel from its alliance with journalism and romantic story-telling into an art from of penetrating analysis of individuals confronting society, chronicles of the psychological perceptions that James himself defined as the highest from of experience.Mark Twain is eentially an affirmative writer though his first novel, The Gilded Age, is considered as a failure, but his masterwork Adventures of Huckleberry Finn turns out to be a huge succe.His works are characterized by the local colorist—— the detailed presentation in prose fiction of the setting, dialect, customs, dre and ways of thinking and feeling which are distinctive of a particular region.Without Mark Twain, American literature would be le delightful.After him, the American literature is no longer as the same before.Theodore Dreiser, his first novel “Sister Carrie”, which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G.W.Hurst wood is succeful work.And his “An American Tragedy”，the identification of potency with money is at the heart of Dreiser’s greatest and most succeful novel.
