4级翻译总结由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“英语四级翻译总结”。
Test1 中国国画的根源可以追溯到新石器时代的陶器(Neolithicpottery)，比如鱼、青蛙、鹿、鸟、花、树叶的形状。最早的中国汉字是象形文字(pictograph)。由于相似的工具被使用于最早期的绘画和书写，绘画被认为是与书法(calligraphy)有着相同的起源。这样一来，中国国画就有着一种非凡的特征，也就是说，诗意和书法被印刻(inscribe)在画中，从而三者合为一体，给人们一种更加强烈的美的享受。
【参考译文】
The roots of Chinese painting can be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery , such as figures of fish, frogs, deer, birds, flowers and tree leaves.The earliest Chinese characters were pictographs.Since similar tools were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy.Thus, Chinese painting has an outstanding characteristic, that is to say, poetry or calligraphy are inscribed on paintings so that the tree are integrated,giving people a keener enjoyment of beauty.【难点注释】
1．第一句中，“追溯到”还可以译为date back to或do back to。
2．第三句中，“被使用于”含被动含义，且此处表达过去的情况，故译为were used for；“被
认为是”还可以译为is deemed to或is considered to。
3．第四句中，“这样一来”还可以译为therefore；“也就是说”还可以译为in other words； “三者合为一体”应该使用被动语态结构，可译为the three are integrated；“给人们一种更加强烈的美的享受”为结果状语，故用现在分词结构作状语，可译为giving people a keener enjoyment of beauty.Test2 中国的传统节庆膳食在数量和质量上都与平时有所不同。一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的。例如，端午节（Dragon Boat Festival）一天，人们通常要吃粽子。
中秋节是赏月的日子。中秋节的特制食品是月饼。春节是中国的农历（lunar）新年。除了
常见的海鲜、家禽（poultry）和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。
【参考译文】
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms ofquantity and quality.Some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival,people will usually eat zongzi, or rice dumplings.The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The special food of the day is the yuebing, or moon cake.The spring festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, such as jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake,according to their regional custom.【难点注释】
1.第一句除了上面的译法，还可以译为The quantity and quality of traditional Chinese holiday meals are different from those of everyday meals.；“节庆膳食”可译为holiday meals。
2.第二句中，“食物”的定语“历史悠久、具有象征意义的”较长，所以将其译为介词短 语，即with a long history and symbolic significance。
3.第三句中，“粽子”如果只用拼音zongzi来表达则不够明白，所以用or rice dumplings来
补充说明；同理，第五句中的“月饼”以及第七局中的“饺子”和“年糕”都采用了同样的翻译法。
4.第七句中，“除了……之外”还可以译为besides。Test3 景泰蓝(cloisonne)是一种起源于元代北京的独特艺术。在明代的景泰年间，非常钟情于青铜
制造技术(bronze-casting techniques)的君王发展了色彩加工技术，并且创造了迎合东方审美的亮蓝色。在一次加工技术的突破之后，此君王的大部分日常用具都由景泰蓝制成。很快地，景泰蓝在普通人当中变得流行起来。在清朝，景泰蓝得到了发展，并且达到了其艺术巅峰。颜色更加精美，使用范围也扩大了。
【参考译文】
Cloisonne is a unique art from that originated in Beijing during the YuanDynasty.In the period titled ”Jingtai” during the Ming Dynasty, the emperor who has very much interested in bronze-casting techniques improved the color proce, and created the bright
blue that catered oriental aesthetic sense.After a proceing breakthrough, most articles for his daily use were made of Cloisonné.Cloisonné became popular among common people soon.During the Qing Dynasty, Cloisonné has been improved and reached its artistic summit.Colors were more delicate, and scope of use was enlarged.【难点注释】
1.第一句中，“起源于元代北京的”应该使用定语从句，可译为that originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty。
2.第二句中，“非常钟情于青铜制造技术的”是一个较长的定语，应该使用定于从句，可 译为who was very much interested in bronze-casting techniques；“迎合”还可以译为appealed to；“东方审美”可译为the oriental aesthetic sense。
3.第三句中，“加工技术的突破”可译为a proceing breakthrough。
4.第四句中，“在普通人当中变得流行起来”可以用became popular among the common people来表达。
5.第五句中，“达到了其艺术巅峰”可以用reached its artistic summit来表达。
Test4 在中国，书法（calligraphy）在传统艺术领域占据了一个独特的位置。它不仅是一种沟通的方式，而且是一个人在审美方面表达内心世界的渠道。古代人非常重视书法。这是很重要的能力，考生可以凭借它在科举考试（imperial examination）中展示出自己的文才，因为它能给考官留下第一印象。高官的子女不得不努力使自己写得一手好字，甚至是帝王自己也要擅长书法。
【参考译文】
In China, calligraphy occupies a distinguished position in the field of traditional art.It is not only a means of communication ,but also a means of expreing a person’s inner world in an aesthetic sense.Ancient people paid great attention to calligraphy.It was the eential capability by which a candidate could manifest this literary talent in the Imperial Examination, for it gave a first impreion to the examiners.Children of high officials had to try to write a good hand, and even emperors themselves were expected to be good at calligraphy.【难点注释】
1.第一句中，“占据了一个独特的位置”还可译为has a unique place。
2.第二句中，“不仅……而且……”可以用not only…but also…来表达；“内心世界”可译为inner world。
3.第三句中，“重视”还可译为attached importance to, thought highly of或took…seriously;注 意从此句起用过去时。
4.第四句中，“展现”还可以用show来表达
5.第五句中，“帝王自己也要……”意思是“帝王自己也被期望……”所以要译为emperors themselves were expected to…。
Test5 刺绣（embroidery）是中国艺术里一枚璀璨的珍珠。从君王所穿的华丽的龙袍（Dragon
Robe）到当今时尚界的流行刺绣，刺绣给我们的生活和文化增加了如此多的乐趣。在中国有记录可循的最早刺绣品始于商朝。在这一时期，刺绣象征着社会地位。而在不久之后，随着国家经济发展，刺绣进入到了寻常百姓的生活中。渐渐地，刺绣的图案范围变得更广，而且吉祥的（auspicious）语言也可以在刺绣上看到了。
【参考译文】
Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art.From the magnificent DragonRobe worn by Emperors to the popular embroidery seen in today’s fashions,embroidery adds so much pleasure to our life and culture.The oldest embroidered product in
China on record dates from the Shang Dynasty.Embroidery in this period symbolized
social status.It was not until later on, as the national economy developed, that embroidery entered the lives of the common people.Gradually, the patterns of embroidery
covered a larger range and auspicious words were also seen on it.【难点注释】
1.第一句中，“一枚璀璨的珍珠”可译为a brilliant pearl。
2.第二句中，“君王所穿的”可以用过去分词短语作定语，译为worn by Emperors；“增加” 可以用adds to来表达。
3.第三句中，“有记录可循的”还可译为recorded；“始于”还可译为dates back to。
4.第五句中，“在不久之后”还可译为shortly after this或soon；“进入到了寻常百姓的生 活中”可译为entered the lives of the common people。
5.第六句中，“变得更广”可以用covered a larger range来表达。
Test6 秦朝是第一个统一（unify）中国的朝代。秦始皇作为中国的首个皇帝而被人们所记住。他以绝对的权威进行无情地统治，甚至破坏了与他的理念不一致的古代惯例和文学。虽然秦朝只持续了15年，但它对于中国文化的影响是巨大的。它引入了封建制度（feudal system），并使之成为了帝制中国的核心特征。它标准化了度量衡、货币以及书面语。它还完成了巨大的基础设施建设（infrastructure projects），包括最早期的长城。
【参考译文】
The Qin Dynasty was the first to unify China, and Qin Shi Huang is remembered as China’s first emperor.He ruled ruthlely with absolute authority and even destroyed ancient practices or literature not corresponding to his ideas.Although the Qin Dynasty lasted only 15 years, its impact on Chinese culture was great.The feudal system was introduced and became a central feature of imperial China.Weights and measures, currency and written language were all standardized.Huge infrastructure projects were completed, including the earliest Great wall.【难点注释】
1.第一句和第二句是并列关系，所以将这两句合译为一句，用and进行连接，这样逻辑关
系更紧密；“统一中国”可译为unify China；“作为……被人们做记住”可以用be remembered
as…来表达
2.第三句中，“以绝对的权威”和“无情地”都作“统治”的状语，分别译为介词短语with absolute authority和副词ruthlely。
3.第四句中，翻译“虽然……但……”时，英文句子中不能同时出现although和but。
4.最后三句的主语都是“它”，指代“秦朝”，但中文多主动，英文多被动，所以翻译这3 个句子时，均应翻译为被动语态。
Test7 传统的中国音乐可以追溯到7000到8000年前，这基于对一只新石器时代（the Neolithic
Age）骨头做成的笛子（flute）的发现。在夏商周时期，只有皇家和达官显贵（dignitary officials）才能享受发自编钟（chime）和铜铃的音乐。在唐朝，舞蹈和歌唱进入了主流，从宫廷蔓延到了寻常人家。伴随着诸如佛教和伊斯兰教（Buddhism and Islam）等异国宗教的引入，中国音乐吸收了宗教旋律，并且在宗教庙宇所举办的集会中被中国人所欣赏。
【参考译文】
Traditional Chinese music can be traced back to 7,000-8,000 years ago based on the discovery of a bone flute made in Neolithic Age.In the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, only royal families and dignitary officials could enjoy music made on chimes and bells.During the Tang Dynasty, dancing and singing entered the mainstream, spreading from the
royal court to the common people.With the introduction of foreign religions such as
Buddhism and Islam, religious melodies were absorbed into Chinese music and were enjoyed by the Chinese people at fairs organized by religious temples.【难点注释】
1.第一句中，“追溯到”还可译为date back to；“这基于”可以处理为过去分词结构作 状语，译为based on，还可以译为非限制性定语从句，即which is based on…；“骨头做成的笛子”可以直接译为a bone flute，也可以译为a flute made of bone。
2.第二句中，“发自编钟和铜铃的”还可以用非限制性定语从句来表达，译为which was made on chimes and bells。
3.第三句中，“进入了主流”可译为entered the mainstream。
Test8 中国的饺子是春节最重要的食物之一。由于它们的形状类似于古代金银元宝（ingot），因此它们象征着财富。家人们会在除夕夜聚在一起来包饺子。他们会在一个饺子里藏一枚钱币，吃到它的人会在来年走好运。中国的饺子在其他节日也很受欢迎，因此它是中
国文化传统的一部分。中国的饺子很美味。你可以依据自己的口味，采用不同的馅料（filling）来包不同种类的饺子。
【参考译文】
Chinese dumpling is one of the important foods in the Spring Festival.Since the shape of dumplings is similar to ancient Chinese gold or silver ingots, they symbolize wealth.The members of a family get together to make dumplings during the New Year’s Eve.They may hide a coin in one of the dumplings.The person who finds the coin while eating will likely have a good fortune in the New Year.Chinese dumpling is also popular in other Chinese festivals, so it is part of the Chinese culture and tradition.Chinese dumpling is a delicious food.You can make a variety of Chinese dumplings using
the different fillings based on your taste.【难点注释】
1.第一句中，“最重要的食物之一”可译为one of the important foods。
2.第二句中，“类似于”可译为is similar to。
3.第四句中，“吃到它的人会在来年走好运”中“人”是主语，“走好运”是谓语，“吃 到它的”是“人”的定语，所以可译为The person who finds the coin while eating will likely have a good
fortune。
4.第七句中，“依据自己的口味”可译为based on your taste；“不同种类的”可译为a variety of。
Test9 如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
【参考译文】
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack neceary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce.And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience。
【难点注释】
1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth。表示，having great
difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。
2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack neceary job training。‘只有当 才 ’用强调句型it is only when„that„表示。
3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。
4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。
5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience。
Test10 中国的教育体制分为三个阶段：基础教育、高等教育和成人教育。基础教育包括学前教育(pre-school education)、小学和中学。高等教育由职业专科学校、学院和大学组成。1986年，中国开始实行从小学到初中的九年制义务教育(nine-year compulsory education)政策。中国政府把教育放在优先发展的战略地位，提出了“科教兴国”的战略方针。在政府和人民的共同努力下，中国的教育取得了历史性的成就。
【参考译文】
The Chinese educational system is divided into three stages: basic education, higher education and adult education.Basic education is comprised of pre-school education, primary school and secondary school.Higher education consists of vocational schools, colleges and universities.In 1986, China began to implement the policy of nine-year compulsory education from primary school to junior high school.The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on developing education, advancing the strategy of developing the nation by relying on the science and education.With the joint efforts of both the government and the people, historic achievements have been made in Chinese education.【难点注释】
1.第1句中的“分为三个阶段”实表被动的意义，故译为be divided into...。
2.第4句中的定语“从小学到初中的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用介词短语from primary school to junior high school 来表达。
3.第5句中的两个分句均比较长可考虑用并列结构译出：The Chinese government has placed strategic priority on...and advanced the strategy...。但不如将后半句“提出了......的战略方针”处理成表伴随的状语，译作advancing the strategy...，使句子逻辑关系更为清晰。“提出”可译作put forward或advance。
4.最后一句中的“在政府和人民的共同努力下”可用介词短语with the joint efforts of both the government and the people来表达。翻译“中国的教育取得了历史性的成就”时，为了符合英语表达习惯，宜转化原宾语“历史性的成就”为主语，原主语“中国的教育”处理为状语，全句用被
Test11 中国结(Chinese knotting)是中国典型的本土艺术。它的特点是每一个结都是由—根绳索编成的，并由其特定的外形和意义来命名。中国结的传统源远流长。在古代，由于没有现在的配件，如纽扣或拉链，人们不得不把服装带打结，来绑住他们的衣服。多年来，中国结从原来拥有实际用途演变成一种优雅的、丰富多彩的工艺品。今天，人们喜欢中国结，是因为其形式特别、色彩多变并且意义深厚。
【参考译文】
Chinese knotting is a typical local art of China.Its characteristic is that every knot is made with a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning.The tradition of Chinese knotting enjoys along history.Without present-day acceories such as buttons or zips, ancient people had to knot the clothing belt so as to tie their drees.Over the years, Chinese knot has now evolved to a kind of elegant and colorful art ware from owning practical use.Today, people are fond of Chinese knot for its characteristic form, colorfulne and profound meaning.【难点注释】
1.它的特点是每一个结都是由一根绳索编成的，并由其特定的外形和意义来命名:主句为Its characteristic is that„。从句中“由...编成”可译为be made with。“由...而命名”可译为be named by。
2.在古代，由于没有现在的配件，如纽扣或拉链，人们不得不把服装带打结，来绑住他们的衣服：“在古代，人们„”可以合并到一起，翻译为ancient people。“没有现在的配件”可用介词without引导的介词短语表示，即without present-day acceories,这部分状语可放在句子前面。“不得不把服装带打结” 可译为had to knot the clothing belt,这里的knot是动词。句中的“来“表示一种目的，可译为so as to，意为“以便，为了”，in order to也表示这个意思。
3.多年来，中国结从原来拥有实际用途演变成一种优雅的、丰富多彩的工艺品：“多年来”可译为over the years。“实际用途”可译为practical use。“工艺品” 可译为art ware或handiwork, artifact。
Test12 孟子(Mencius)是战国时期(the Warring States Period)伟大的思想家、教育家。孔子去世100年后，孟子传授并发展了孔子的学说，他的哲学思想与孔子是一脉相承的。孟子认为人性本善，是社会的影响引发了道德的堕落，因此十分重视道德教育。孟子的母亲在他的生命中扮演了重要的角色，她曾三度迁居，只为了帮助她的孩子找到一个合适的成长环境。
【参考译文】
Mencius is a great ideologist and educator in the Warring States Period.A hundred years after Confucius died, Mencius taught and expanded Confucian doctrine.His philosophical thinking has its origin in Confucius’ thoughts.Mencius believes that human nature is eentially good, and it is society's influence that causes the degradation of morality.For that reason, he attaches great importance to moral education.Mencius’ mother plays an important role in his life.She moved home three times only to find an environment that she felt was suitable for the child's upbringing.【难点注释】
1.与...一脉相承:可译为 have origin in...或者 originated from...2.发展了孔子的学说:“发展”可翻译为develop或者expand;“孔子的学说” 即Confucian doctrine。
3.人性本善:即“人的天性是善良的”，故可译为human nature is eentially good。
4.道德的堕落:可译为the degradation of morality,也可简单译为bad moral character。
5.重视:有固定的译法:attaches great importance to sth.，也可以用 value。
6.扮演了重要的角色:可译为play an important role in...Test13 中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的（唯一）要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样（竞争）激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上（取得）大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子（创造）更好的条件。
【参考译文】
Chinese parents have frequently tended to pay too much attention to their children's study, so that children don't help them do the housework.Their only requirement for their children is to study hard, perform well in the exams, and go to a famous/prestigious university.They believe it is good for their children, because in such a highly competitive society, only good results could ensure a promising future.Chinese parents also believe that parents will be honored if their children can achieve great succe in society.Therefore, they are willing to sacrifice their own time, hobbies and interests, to create much better conditions for children.Test14 中国是举世公认的发明指南针（compa)的国家。最初的指南针叫做司南(Sinan, a south-pointing ladle)，出现在战国时期。一般在指南针上标有东南西北四个方位，并且还有刻度。北对应零度，刻度随顺时针方向而增加。作为中国古代的四大发明之一，指南针对人们的生活，尤其是航海业的发展，起到了重要的作用。指南针对西方世界也产生了显著的影响，这些国家由此开始了大规模的海外冒险活动。
【参考译文】
China is universally acknowledged as the country where the compa was invented.The compa, originally called Sinan, a south-pointing ladle, appeared during the Warring States Period.Generally, the directions of north, east, west and south are shown on the compa, and so are the angle markings in degrees.North corresponds to zero degree, and the degrees increase clockwise.As one of the four great inventions of ancient China, the compa played an important role in people’s life, especially in maritime undertakings.It also had a significant influence on the western world, as thereafter those countries began large-scale overseas adventures
【难点注释】
1.举世公认的:可译为universally accepted 或 universally acknowledged。
2.并且还有刻度:这里是指刻度也标示在上面，所以可以承接上文，用“so+助动词”的结构来表达。
3.顺时针方向:应译为clockwise。其反义词“逆时针方向”为counterclockwise。
4.中国古代的四大发明:应译为the four great inventions of ancient China。四大发明具体表达为 compa、gunpowder(火药）、papermaking technology(造纸术）和 movable-type printing(活字印刷）。
5.起到了重要的作用:可译为play an important role/part。
6.对„产生„影响:可译为 have a/an...influence/impact on...Test15 中国通过动员全社会的资源来发展学前教育。虽然当地政府会开办幼儿园，但也鼓励单位团体、社会组织以及个人去开办幼儿园。幼儿园采用儿童保育和教育相结合的原则，并且保证幼儿得到体力、智力、道德和美学的全面发展。让玩耍成为活动的主要形式，幼儿园创造了一个适于学习的良好环境，并且给婴儿们提供机会和条件来联系和展现他们的才能。
【参考译文】
China develops its preschool education by mobilizing the resources of the whole society.While
Local governments run kindergartens , work units, social organizations and individuals are also encouraged to open kindergartens.Kindergartens apply the principle of combining child care with education , and ensure that the infants achieve all-round physical , intellectual , moral and aesthetic development.With play as the basic form of activity , kindergartens create a good environment for learning and provide the infants with opportunities and conditions to exercise and display their abilities.【难点注释】
1，第一局中，句子主干是“中国发展学前教育”，“通过„„”翻译为介词短语：“学前教育”可译为：preschool education;“全社会的资源”可译为the resources of the whole society。2，第二句中，“虽然”还可以用although来表达；为避免重复，“开办幼儿园”分别译为了run kindergartens 和 open kindergartens。
3，第三局中，“采用„„的原则”可译为apply the principle of；“将儿童保育和教育相结合”可译为combining child care with education。
4，第四句中，“适于学习的良好环境”可以用a good environment for learning 来表达；“给„„提供„„”可译为provide…with…“练习和展现他们的才能”;可译为exercise and display their abilities。
Test16 中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%，该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，终止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。
随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以完全开发和利用的。
【参考译文】
China should further develop nuclear energy, because nuclear power currently accounts for only 2% of the total generating capacity.The proportion is in 30th among all nuclear-capable countries, which almost the lowest。In March 2011, after the accident of Japanese nuclear power station, China stopped its nuclear energy development, with approvals for new nuclear power plants suspended, and national nuclear safety inspection carried out.Examine and Approval has been restored carefully since October, 2012.With the improvement of technology and safety measures, the poibility of nuclear accidents can be dropped to a minimum extent.In other words, the nuclear energy can be exploited and utilized safely。
Test17 中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作，通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学[微博]生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
【参考译文】
China's education workers have realized for a long time the importance of reading to the country.Some of them have suggested that a National Reading Day be set up since 2003.They streed that people should read good books, especially the claic ones.Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperate with others.However, the purpose of education is to cultivate these basic qualities.Reading is particularly important for primary and middle school students.If they don’t develop the interest of reading during this crucial period, it is difficult to get into the habit of reading later。
