国际贸易英文单词总结由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“国际贸易英文词汇”。
1、Elasticity（弹性）the percent change in one variable resulting from a 1 percent change in another variable.2、Consumer surplus : the increase in the economic well-being of consumers who are able to buy the product at a market price lower than the highest price that they are willing and able to pay for the product.3、Producer surplus : the increase in the economic well-being of producers who are able to sell the product at a market price higer than the lowest price that would have drawn out their supply.4、Opportunity cost : the value of other goods and services that are not produced because resources are instead used to produce this product.5、Arbitrage(套利)buying something in one market and reselling the same thing in another market to profit from a price difference.6、international price(world price)free-trade equilibrium price.7、one-dollar,one-vote metric : each dollar of gain or lo is valued equally,regardle of who experiences it.8、labor productivity : the number of units of output that a worker can produce in one hour.9、principle of comparative advantage : a country will export the goods and services that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and import the goods and services that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost.10、relative price(相对价格)the ratio of one product price to another product price.11、production-poibility curve(ppc)（生产可能性曲线）which shows all combinations of amounts of different products that an economy can produce with full employment of its resources and maximum feasible productivity of these resources.12、increasing marginal costs(边际成本递增)as one industry expands at the expense of others ,increasing amounts of the other products must be given up to get each extra unit of the expanding industry’s product.13、indifference curve(无差异曲线)shows the various combinations of consumption quantities that lead to the same level of well-being or happine.14、community indifference curve(社会无差异曲线)which purport to show how the economic well-being of a whole group depends on the whole group’s consumption of products.15、terms of trade(一国的贸易条件)which are the price the country receives from foreign buyer for its export products , relative to the price that the country pays foreign sellers for its import products.16、Heckscher-Ohlin theory : predictd that a country exports the products that use its relatively abundant factors intensively and imports the products using its relatively scarce factors intensively.17、labor-abundant(劳动力丰裕型)a country is relatively labor-abundant if it has a higher ratio of labor to other factors than dose the rest of the world.18、labor-intensive(劳动力密集型)a country is relatively labor-intensive if labor costs are a greater share of its value than they are of the value of other products.19、Stolper-Samuelson theorem(斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理)opening to trade splits a country into specific gainers and losers in the long run is an application of a general
relationship.(开放贸易会在长期内将一国成员划分为得者与失者)
20、factor-price equalization theorem(要素价格均等化定理)states that, given certain conditions and aumptions , free trade equalizes not only product prices but also the prices of individual factors between the two countries.(在特定条件和假设前提下，自由贸易不仅将使两国间的商品价格均等化，而且会使两国间的各种要素价格均等化，以至于即便在要素不能在各国间流动的情况下，两国工人也将享受同样的工资水平，两国中单位面积的土地也将获得同样的地租收益)---错误理论
21、constant returns ti scale : input use and total cost rise in the same proportion as output increases.22、internal scale economies(内部规模经济)a large firm may have a lower average cost for a number of different reasons.(公司自身规模的扩大会使其平均成本下降)
23、monopolistic competition(垄断竞争)属于不完全竞争（imperfect competition）is a type of market structure in which a large number of firms compete vigorously with each other in producing and selling varieties of the basic product.24、oligopoly（寡头垄断）if a few large firms dominate the global industry , perhaps because of substantial scale economies , then we have an oligopoly.25、external scale economies(外部规模经济)The second type of scale economies is external to any individual firm.External scale economies are based on the size of an entire industry within a specific geographic area,26、intra-industry trade(产业内贸易)two-way trade in which a country both exports
and imports the same or very similar products.(相同或相似产品的双向贸易)
27、net trade : the difference between exports and imports of that product.28、product differentiation(产品差异化): consumers view the varieties of a product
offered by different firms in an industry as close but not perfect substitutes for each other.29、small country : one whose trade dose not affect the international price ratio.30、large country : one whose trade can have an impact on the relative international
price ratio.31、tariff（关税）as the term is used in international trade , is a tax on importing a good
or service into a country , usually collected by customs officials at the place of entry.(包括：specific tariff、ad valorem tariff)
32、one-dollar , one-vote metric : every dollar of gain or lo is just as important as
every other dollar of gain or lo , regardle of who the gainers or losers are.33、consumption effect(消费效应)shows the lo to consumers in the importing
nation based on the reduction in their total consumption of bicycles.(area d)
34、production effect(生产效应)This extra cost of shifting to more expensive home
production.(area b)
35、terms-of-trade effect(贸易条件效应)：a nation with such power over foreign
selling prices could exploit this advantage with a tariff on imports.Let’s look at a case in which a large country can affect the world price of a good it imports , just by imposing a tariff.36、nationally optimal tariff（最优关税）this best tariff is called the nationally optimal
tariff , the tariff that creates the largest net gain for the country imposing it.For a large country , this optimal tariff lies between no tariff and a prohibitively high
one.)
37、nontariff barrier(NTB): a nontariff barrier to imports is any policy used by the
government to reduce imports , other than a simple tariff on imports.38、import quota : a limit on the total quantity of imports of a product allowed into the
country during a period of time.(one NTB)
39、ways to allocate import licenses（进口许可证的分配方式）: fixed favoritism、import licenses auction、resource-using application.(one NTB)
40、voluntary export restraint(VER)(自愿出口限制)is an odd-looking trade barrier in
which the importing country government coerces the foreign exporting country yo agree “voluntarily” to restrict its exports to this country（one NTB）
41、other NTB : product standards、domestic content requirements、government
procurement42、foreign retaliation、enforcement costs、rent-seeking costs、rents to foreign
producers、innovation(5 ways in which the true cost is probably bigger than the calculation)
43、dumping(倾销)is selling exports at a price that is too low—le than normal
value.Types: predatory dumping、cyclical dumping、seasonal dumping、persistent
dumping44、antidumping duty(反倾销税)an extra tariff equal to the discrepancy between the
actual export price and the normal value.45、safeguard policy(百卫政策): is the use of temporary import protection when a
sudden increase in imports causes injury to domestic producers.
