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课文上的总结：
1.The two dominant modes of research in the field of translation through the seventies were those focused on primarily literary concerns: First, rejecting theoretical presuppositions, normative rules, and linguistic jargon, and those focused on linguistic matters, claiming a “scientific” approach;Second, rejecting a logical solutions and subjective speculation.2.A few years later, Lefevere outlined the crux of the theoretical problem, in “Translation: The Focus of the Growth of Literary Knowledge”
He argued that the antagonism between the two opposing factions which he calls the hermeneutic and the neopositivistic.3.Lefevere argued that translation theories based on such approaches did not further the growth of literary knowledge, but tended to have vested interestsJames Holmes and Frans de Haan made contributions to the establishment of a new field.所查资料：
Jin Levy and the Czech and Slovak connections.
