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高中英语语法导学案之状语从句
一． 概念及分类：
句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句； 4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句； 7.比较状语从句； 8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。
二． 时间状语从句
（一）when, while和as 1,when, 观察下面例句，总结其用法：
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.总结：从句表示的动作_________________________________,主句和从句的先后关系 _______________________________________________________________________。在下列句子中，when 的含义是：_____________ We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang..Hardly had I arrived when the train left.He had just finished his home work when someone asked him to play basketball.总结：_________________________________: _____________________________ ____________________________________;_______________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 观察下列句子中when 的含义：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one? when 表示条件，意思接近“在…...情况下” whenever: I go to the theater whenever I get the chance.(每当，每次)
sooner…than…,hardly(scarcely,barely)…when…
这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_____________________.The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意：在no sooner…than …;hardly/scarcely/barely…when 结构中，主句用_____________，从句使用__________________时态。此外，当把no sooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_______________语序。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly ________________________________________________________.I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.=No sooner ____________________________________________________.英译汉：
They phoned immediately they reached home.The year my brother joined the army I graduated from the high school.I had waited for 3 hours by the time the train arrived.(注意主句时态：)
Every time I see her, she is always busy.I want to see her the moment she arrives.表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句，如：_______________________________________.㈢ till until 和not … until He remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.He won’t go to bed until she returns.Until you told me I have no idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作
It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It was years since I had seen her.把以上句子翻译成汉语。
在“It is + 一段时间+ since 从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
3.after 在……之后
I will tell them after you leave(you have left).I told them after you left/ had left.三 地点状语和原因状语从句 1地点状语
引导词为_____________和_____________.请填写： You are free to go ___________ you like.Go back ________ you come from.Make a mark ___________ you have any questions.翻译下列句子：
Where there is a will, there is a way._____________________________________ Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.______________________________________ 以上两句where从句表示抽象含义，从句必须放在主句之前。注意区分where 引导的状语从句和定语从句 题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句：
Go back to the place where you come from.（）This is the shop where I bought my bike.（）Go back where you come from..（）Make a mark where you have any questions.（）2.原因状语从句
引导词：because, as, since, now that, 每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：------Why were you absent from the meeting?------Because I was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our cla.________________________________________________________________
五.条件状语和方式状语从句 ㈠条件状语从句
从属连词_______________________________________________________引导条件状语。You will fail the exam unle you study hard.You will fail the exam _______ you __________ study hard.________________ you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用__________________.If I __________(know)his addre, I ___________(tell)you.If you _______________(come)here yesterday, you _______________(see)her.If it ___________________________(rain)tomorrow, I __________(stay)at home.条件状语从句中也可以省略 Come tomorrow if(it is)poible.He has no money.If(there is)any, he will give you some.We all know that, if(it is)not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse.在条件状语从句中时态问题： You will find a way if you use your head.Don’t leave the room unle the teacher tells you to.㈡ 方式状语从句
引导词有_____________________________________________ Do as you are told to, or you will be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.as if 或 as through 引导的从句有时需要用________语气。从句中也可以采用省略形式：
She stood at the gate, as if(she was)waiting for someone.在时间状语从句，让步，条件及方式状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且谓语动词中有be动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词一块儿省略。
六.让步状语从句和比较状语从句 ㈠让步状语从句
river bank, she was singing a song.2.He won’t go there unle--------[ invent].3.He stood up as if---------[say] something.4.When the meeting was over ,we all went home.八。状语从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
1.When she saw the jewels ,she jumped with joy.2.As he was ill ,he went home.3.As he didn’t know what to do ,he asked me for help.4.The park looks beautiful when it is seen from the hill.参考答案：
二．1.可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；主句和从句发生的动作同时发生，也可以主句所表示的动作发生在从句之后。这时，当时，那时候；was/were doing…when…;be about to do…when;be on the point of doing…when;had just done…when.2.延续性动词，进行时；对比，然而；弱。尽管；尽管；只要；趁着；让步状语从句和条件状语从句。
3.随着；一边，一边；When/While/As;When;As;when;when;while “一……就”；过去完成时；一般过去时；倒装；had I got home when it began to rain;had I come home than it began to rain;他们一到家就拿起了电话打电话；我哥哥参军的那一年，我高中毕业；每次我看到她，她总是很忙；她一到我就想见到她；the day, the year, the month, the moment;the minute;every time;the first time;each time;延续性动词；非延续性动词；until, till;主句要倒装；Not until, did I leave;It was , that, leave;三思而后行；所有事情先难后易；以后…才；还没…就；趁着还没有；还没来得及…就；时间段；一般现在时；时间段，过去时；非延续性动词，现在完成时，一般过去时，相反或否定的意义；It is +some time + since + did/It was +some time + since+ had done;战争爆发已经有三年了；他戒烟三年了；自从上次见到她有三年了；一般现在时或者一般过去时/过去完成时。
三．where, wherever;wherever;where;where;有志者事竟成；无火不起烟；定语从句，定语从句；地点状语从句，地点状语从句；直接的原因，why;显然的，已知的，“由于”，“既然”，前；
四．so that, in order that, in case, for fear that;so that;in order that;that;in case/for fear that;so that, so/such…that, in case, lest;such+a/an+ 可数名词单数+that； so +adj.+a/an+可数名词单数；such + adj.+不可数名词或可数名词复数+that;so + adj./adv.+ that;so +many/much/little(少)/few+that;was he;such, so;so;such,so;such…as 后跟定语从句，such…that后为结果状语从句。
话题10
节假日活动
一 可能用到的词语
1.中秋节 ——————
2.传统的-------
3.春节
-------
4.团聚---------
5.赏月--------
6.象征---------
7.收获----------
8.团圆----------
二
可能用到的句子
1.每年的8月15 日是中国传统节日中秋节。
2.它是家庭团聚的时间。
3.在这一天，人们通常与家人聚在一起，共享丰富的晚餐。
4.那天的月亮总是很圆，这也使得人们想起他们的亲友。
5.中秋节象征着收获和家庭团圆。
6.中秋节的传统食品是月饼，它象征着团圆。
7.月饼过去通常是圆的，但现在有各种不同的口味和形状。
写作任务
作为中国最重要的节日之一，每年的中秋都会放假一天，以方便人们跟家人团圆，共度佳节。请根据下列内容提示，写一篇短文介绍一下中秋节。
时间
农历八月十五日
节日类型
重要性仅次于春节的传统节日
主要活动
与家人团聚，赏月
节日食物
月饼
节日意义
象征收获和团圆
要求
词数 120—150
参考词汇
symbolize 象征
范文
The mid-Autumn Festival，which falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month，is a traditional Chinese holiday.The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the two most important traditional festivals in Chinese calendar and it is an official holiday.It is a time for families to get together.On this day , people usually get together with their families and have a nice meal.After that , people usually eat delicious moon cakes and enjoy the full moon together.The moon is always very round on that day , which makes people think of their relatives and friends.1
