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NATURE ①What is Transcendentalism?(超验主义)
Transcendentalism was a literary movement that flourished during the middle 19th century(1836-1860).It began as a rebellion against traditionally held beliefs by English Church that God superseded the individual.It began as a rebellion against traditionally held beliefs by the English Church that God superseded the individuals.it streed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind..Transcendentalists departed from orthodox Calvinism in that they believed in the importance and efficacy of human striving, as opposed to the bleaker Puritan picture of complete and inescapable human depravity.②Core Beliefs of Transcendentalism(超验主义的核心理念)
1: Finding its root in the word “transcend”.Transcendentalists believed individuals could transcend to a higher being of existence in nature.2: God is located in the soul of each individual.3: Humanity’s potential is limitle.4: Experience is valued over scholarship.5: For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains.③Nature exprees the main principles of Transcendentalism.1:lover of nature2:the”uses” of nature3:Commodity4:Beauty5:Language6:Discipline7: unity of nature8:Over-soul ④His attitude towards nature:
Emerson loves nature.His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound.Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presence.It exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings.Children can see nature better than adult.⑤Nature 1: In 1836, his first work, Nature 《论自然》was published , which epitomized(称为缩影)the main doctrines of his philosophy, his theories and his belief in the progre of man and society.2: The eay consists of the introduction part and eight chapters.They are Nature, Commodity, Beauty, Language, Discipline, Idealism, Spirit and Prospects respectively.⑥The structure 1: The first part(1—3):Introduce the topics that the power of the nature is very great.2: The second part(4):Few people could realize the beauty of the nature and talk about what kind of person could find the beauty.3: The third part(5—6):Different environment and mood makes different relationship between people and the nature.⑦The content and the translation: 1:To go into solitude, man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society.Ⅰ: 为了寻得孤身独处�人有必要走出书斋退出社会�回归自然。Ⅱ: 他主张修心养性�只有在孤身独处时人的各种天赋才可得到充分发展。
Ⅲ: He set up a claim to support self-cultivation and thought only when human beings were alone and stayed in solitude that their inherent talents could be brought to full play.Ⅳ: Nature is the embodiment of human’s mind.Joyful nature represents happine, while sad nature shows sorrow.2.the integrity of impreion made by manifold nature object.(para2 line10)Ⅰ 自然界即外界多种事物给与的完整印象
Ⅱ表明爱默生视大千世界为一有机整体的浪漫主义自然观。他主张人应回到原始物质状态单纯的观察界。
Ⅲ大千世界中多种事物给予的完整的印象 It shows Emerson’s romantic opinion of nature, he regards the various things in the world as a organic whole.(表明爱默生视大千世界为一个有机整体的浪漫主义自然观)Nature always wears the colors of the spirit.(para4 line6)• 大自然总是披着情感的外衣。
• In Emerson’s opinion, spirit involves man’s mind and the nature, material is the symbol of spirit.So, he holds the view that man’s transcendent effect should be unleashed.(在他看来�精神渗透人的心灵和自然界�物质为精神之象征。他主张发挥人的超验作用)Paragraph 1 Which word will you choose to summarize the paragraph? Summary: The observation of stars can lead man to be alone, which, in turn, makes man believe and adore their sublime and admonition..Paragraph 2 Please use one word to sum up the paragraph Summary: The perfection of nature leaves kindred impreion even on wisest man and reflects his utmost wisdom.Paragraph 3 • One word again!Summary: We get acce to the integrity of nature through our eyes and abstract the distinct but poetical meaning out of it..Paragraph 4 The communion with nature makes him transcend his superficial life and get to his own nature.Paragraph 5 Summary: The occult relation between man and the vegetable makes me experience the wonder of nature.Paragraph 6 Summary: Man should take in the harmony of man and nature with temperance(节制)Timely Review: Stars→ Nature→ Poet→ Communion→ Mystery→ Temperance
