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《美国社会与文化》补考试卷（A卷）
Write an eay on ONE of the following topics with no le than 800 words.1.Influence of religious tolerance/intolerance on American culture.2.Comparison between British governmental system and American governmental system.3.Relationship between American technological development and the shaping of American culture.4.American national identity reflected in American literature.《英语国家社会与文化（下）》试卷
安徽大学2007—2008学年第 2 学期
《 英语国家社会与文化（下）》考查试题（A卷）
参考答案及评分标准
I.Fill in the blanks(25x2=50)
1.1607, London Company
2.Pennsylvania, naturalization
3.spirit of liberty and equality, separation of state and church
4.John Adams, Benjamin Franklin
5.general welfare, bleing of liberty
6.the judicial, checks and balances
7.26, the Bill of Rights
8.the Democratic party, the Republican party
9.Alexander Hamilton, protective tariff
10.cotton cloth, firearms
11.devotion to one’s work, succe in busine
12.New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street
13.Great Awakening, Protestant religious groups
14.First Amendment, Christianity
15.the Baptists, Roman Catholics
16.universal literacy, knowledge and skills
17.compulsory education, public taxation
18.recommendations, Scholastic Aptitude Tests
19.Martin Luther King, Malcolm X
20.Stokeley Carmichael, black power
21.profeional women, white housewives and mothers
22.power, prestige
23.the Hispanics, Asian Americans
24.barge and canal, Pony Expre
25.Taylorism, Fordism
II.Explain the following terms in English(4x5=20)
1.Puritanism
Puritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England.They believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born.Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell.Neither church nor good works could save people.The sign of being God’s elect was the succe in his work or the prosperity in his calling.They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God.These beliefs had great impact on American culture.2.The Articles of Confederation
After the War of Independence was won, the new nation of the United States was organized under the agreement of the Articles of Confederation with a weak national government called the Congre.Each state had its own government, made its own laws and handled its internal affairs.The states did not cooperate with the Congre and with each other.The Congre had no power to force any state to contribute money to the national government and the Congre could not tax any citizen either.As a result, the Articles of Confederation failed.3.GI Bill of Rights
The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was paed in 1944.It was soon popularly called the “GI Bill of Rights”.GI was a nickname for the American soldier.The nickname came from the abbreviation for “Government Iue”—the uniforms and other articles iued to a soldier.The Act promised financial aid, including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces.4.Counter Culture
In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counterculture”.The Counter Culture rejected capitalism and other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.Among the most famous were the hippies.They sought new experience through dropping out, drugs.But it was music, rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural aault on traditional American society.The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social mores, marriage, career, and succe.III.Give detailed answers to the following questions(2x15=30)(omitted)
