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商务日语资料大全商务英语100句(NEW)2 证明的写法商务英语常见误译例析 4 商业信函的7个“C”原则 5 出差用语 6 通知的写法面见客户时的实用英语Reorganization of a Partnership 公司改组通知 9 付予代理权商务合同英译应注意的问题
（一）11 商务合同英译应注意的问题
（二）商务合同英译应注意的问题
（三）私人和公务信函英文写(一)14 私人和公务信函英文写(二)15 私人和公务信函英文写(三)16 外企office常用英语(一)17 外企office常用英语(二)18 外企office电话英语 19 商务方面口语和写作 20 外贸价格术语网络中的广告术语 22 怎样写最后的催款信 23 电邮(书信)写作技巧 24 商务谈判实例(一)25 商务谈判实例(二)26 商务谈判实例(三)27 商业书信常用开头 28 出差常用商务用语怎样回复不合理的抱怨和索赔？ 30 邀请信范例
商务合同英译应注意的问题 32 国际电话中的常用语 33 外贸常见英文缩略词 34 商务英语七日七语
商务信件书写简要介绍 36 商务方面口语和写作 37 中英对照商标术语 38 办公室术语常识
商务英语句 I want a package deal including airfare and hotel.我需要一个成套服务，包括机票和住宿。2 I'd like to change this ticket to the first cla.我想把这张票换成头等车。I'd like to reserve a sleeper to Chicago.我要预订去芝加哥的卧铺。4 I won't check this baggage.这件行李我不托运。I'd like to sit in the front of the plane.我要坐在飞机前部。I mied my train.我未赶上火车。I haven't nothing to declare.我没有要申报的东西。8 It's all personal effects.这些东西都是我私人用的。I'll pick up ticket at the airport counter.我会在机场柜台拿机票。I'd like two seats on today's Northwest Flight 7 to Detroit, please.我想订两张今天西北航空公司7班次到底特律的机票。11 We waited for John in the lobby of the airport.我们在机场的大厅里等约翰。I'd like to buy an excursion pa instead.我要买一张优待票代替。13 I'd like a refund on this ticket.我要退这张票。I'd like to have a seat by the window.我要一个靠窗的座位。You have to change at Chicago Station.你必须要在芝加哥站转车。We have only one a day for New York.到纽约的一天只有一班。17 Sorry, they are already full.抱歉，全部满了。I'd like to reserve a seat to New York.我要预订一个座位去纽约。The flight number is AK708 on September 5th.班机号码是9月5日AK708。There's a ten thirty flight in the morning.早上10点半有班机。I'm looking for my baggage。
我正在找我的行李。I'd like to make a reservation
我想预订。The sooner, the better.越快越好。I'd like to change my reservation.我想变更一下我的预订。I'd like to reconfirm my flight from London to Tokyo.我要再确认一下我从伦敦到东京的班机。26 My reservation number is 2991.我的预订号码是2991。I made a reservation in Tokyo.我在东京预订的。I made reservations yesterday.我昨天预订的。I want to reserve a seat from Los Angeles to Tokyo.我要预订一张从洛杉矶到东京的机票。I always have a big wash to do on Saturdays.我星期六总是有一大堆的衣物要洗。31 The laundry is not dry enough.衣服还没干。
I put too much detergent in the washer.我在洗衣机里放了太多的洗衣粉。33 This stain is really stubborn.这污垢去不掉。
I did three loads of wash today.我今天洗了三次衣服。35 The train is comfortable.坐火车很舒服。
I checked my baggage in the baggage section.我在行李房托运行李。
He gueed the train would come in early.他猜想火车会很早到达。
The stations are always full of people.火车站里经常挤满了人。39 I hope you have a good trip.祝你旅途愉快。
You need to transfer at Central Station.你必须在中央车站换车。
How long are you going to stay here?
你要在这里停留多久？
Do you have anything to declare?
你有东西要申报关税吗？
What's the purpose of your visit?
你旅行的目的是什么？ 44 What time does the ship leave?
船什么时间启航？
When will the ship leave for Honolulu?
这艘船什么时候出发去檀香山？
Could you please give me the departure time?
你能告诉我出发的时间吗？
Do I need a reservation to go by ship?
我坐船去需要预订吗? 48 How much for a one-way ticket to Shanghai?
去上海的单程票多少钱？
When would you like to return?
你打算什么时候回来/去？
Do you have any tickets available for that date?
你们有那天的票吗? 52 How much does a round trip ticket to go there cost?
张去那边的往返票要多少钱？
Would you take this coat to the cleaner's?
你可以把这件外套送到洗衣店吗？
Will you iron out the wrinkles in this skirt?
可以帮我把这件裙子烫平吗？ 55 Won't you iron this shirt for me?
可以帮我烫这件衬衫吗？
Will you bring the laundry in if it rains?
下雨时请你收一下衣服，好吗？
Where am I supposed to pay the exce train fare?
我应该在哪里补票？
Where can you pick up your suitcase?
你在哪里取你的手提箱呢？
When can you pick up your ticket?
你什么时候可拿到车票呢？ 60 Where is immigration?
入境处在什么地方? 61 Where can I get my baggage?
我到哪里去拿我的行李呢？
Is the departure time on schedule?
起飞时间准时吗？
How long will the flight be delayed?
班机诞误多长时间？
What's the cause of the delay?
什么原因延误？
Will the flight be delayed?
这班机会延误吗？
May I have baggage tags?
请给我行李标签好吗？ 67 Excuse me, what time will the plane arrive in Tokyo?
对不起，请问飞机何时到达东京呢？ 68 Could you explain how to fill this out?
请你说明一下怎样填这张表好吗？
May I have a customs declaration form, please?
请给一份海关申报表好吗？
May I have a disembarkation card?
请给我一张离机卡好吗？ 71 Is this within the tax-free limit?
这个在免税限额内吗？ 72 Where''s a tax-free shop?
免税店在哪儿？
What time should I be at the departure gate?
我在什么时间到登机门？
Could you help me find my baggage?
请你帮我找我的行李好吗？ 75 Will the flight be canceled?
这班机会被取消吗? 76 Would you please make my reservation to Chicago for tomorrow?
请帮我预订明天去芝加哥的座位好吗？
Do you have a flight to New York departing at about 10 a.m.Next Monday?
你们有下周一大约下午10点起飞到纽约的班机吗？ 78 What''s the fare to New York, Economy Cla?
去纽约的经济舱机票多少钱？ 79 Where do I pick up the ticket?
我什么地方拿机票？
From which station does the train leave?
这列火车从哪个站开出呢? 81 Can I stop over on the way?
我在中途可以停吗？
Can I have a second-cla one way ticket to Chicago,please?
请给我一张去芝加哥的单程二等票好吗？ 83 Are there any discount tickets for me?
给我有折扣吗？
What time does the plane take off?
飞机何时起飞呢？
One way or a round trip ticket?
单程票还是双程票呢？
What time does the first train to Boston leave?
第一班去波士顿的列车什么时间开出呢？ 87 Is it direct train?
这是直达车吗？
What platform does the train leave from?
这班车从哪个站台开出呢？ 89 By what time should I check in?
我该什么时间办理登机手续呢？ 90 What is th boarding time?
何时登机呢？
How much is the exce baggage charge?
超额行李费多少钱？
Will this flight leave on time?
这班机准时起飞吗？
Can I bring this on the plane?
这件我可以带上飞机吗？ 94 What is the gate number?
登机门是几号? 95 Are there reserved seats on the train?
车上有预订座位吗？ 96 Where is gate six?
6号登机门在哪儿？
Where is the boarding gate for this flight?
这班飞机的登机门在哪儿？
Has this seat number started boarding?
这个座位号已开始登机了吗？ 99 Where is the ticket office?
售票处在哪儿？
How long is the ticket valid?
这车票有效期多久？ 证明的写法
证明书种类很多，有工作经历证明、工作经验证明、病情证明、留学生经济担保书、学业成绩证明书等等，是用来证明一个人的身份、学历、婚姻状况、身体情况等或某一件事情的真实情况。证明信的写法通常也采用一般信件格式，但多省掉收信人的姓名、地址和结束用语。称呼多用“To Whom It May Concern”意即“有关负责人”，但此项也可省略。写证明书要求言简意赅。
医生证明书
Doctor's Certificate
June.18, 2000
This is to certify that the patient, Mr.Tomas, male, aged 41, was admitted into our hospital on June.9, 2000, for suffering from acute appendicitis.After immediate operation and ten days of treatment, he has got complete recovery and will be discharged on June.19, 2000.It is suggested that he rest for one week at home before resuming his work.Jack Hopkins
Surgeon-in-charge
医生证明书
2000年6月18日
兹证明病人托马斯先生，男，41岁，因患急性阑尾炎，于2000年6月9日住院。经立即施行手术和十天治疗后，现已痊愈，将于2000年6月19日出院。建议在家休息一个星期后再上班工作。
主治医生：杰克·霍普金斯
公证书
Certificate
(90)Lu Zi, No.1130
This is to certificate that Mr.Zhao Qiangwen holds a diploma iued to him in July, 1980 by Shandong University(Diploma No.064)and that we have carefully checked the seal of the University and the signature by President Zhou Yong sen.Jinan Notary Public Office
Shangdong Province
the People's Republic of China
Notary: Wang Fang
May 2, 2000
公证书（90鲁公证字第1130号）
兹证明赵强文先生持有山东大学于1980年发给他的064号毕业文凭上的学校印签和校长周永森签字属实。
中华人民共和国
山东省济南市公证处
公证员：王芳
2000年5月2日 商务英语常见误译例析
笔者在商务英语教学中发现,外贸英语中有一些使用十分频繁的词汇很容易被误译，原因是商务英语中相同的单词在不同情况下具有不同的含义。现将这些单词的不同用法和含义试加比较说明。
例一：floating
It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system.Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.Floating policy is of great importance for export trade;it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g.where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.译文：
在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。
统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的办法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如，当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。
注解：
floating 在上述两个句中的意思完全不一样，floating exchange rate 意为“浮动汇率”，即可自由浮动，完全受市场力量决定的汇率制度。而 floating policy 则指用以承保多批次货运的一种持续性长期保险凭证，常译为“统保单”。
例二：confirm
We'd like to inform you that our counter sample will be sent to you by DHL by the end of this week and please confirm it ASAP so that we can start our ma production.Payment will be made by 100% confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit available by sight draft。
译文：
很高兴通知您，我们的回样将于本周末用特快专递给您，请尽快确认，以便我们开始大批生产。
付款方式为1O0% 即期，保兑，不可撤消信用证。
注解：
confirmed 一词在这两句话的意思也不一样。在第一个句子中，confirm 的意思是“确认”。在第二个句子中，confirmed L/C 应翻译为“保兑信用证”，即指一家银行所开的由另一家银行保证兑付的一种银行信用证。
例三：negotiable
Part time barman required．Hours and salary negotiable.This Bill of Lading is iued in a negotiable form, so it shall constitute title to the goods and the holder, by endorsement of this B/L.译文：
招聘兼职酒店保安，工作时间和薪水面议。
所签发的提单可为转让的，故只要在提单上背书, 便确定了货物和持票人的所有权。
注解：
在第一句话中，negotiable 的意思是“可商议的”，在第二句话中的意思则是“可转让的”，“可转让提单”经过背书后即可将所有权转让给他人，值得注意的是，negotiating bank 则是议付银行，即购买或贴现汇票的银行。
例四：discount
You may get a 5% discount if your order is on a regular basis.If a seller extends credit to a time draft, they have made a trade acceptance．The seller can request that the bank finance the transaction by buying the draft．The bank is said to discount the draft.译文：
如果你方定期给我方下定单，你方便可得到 5% 的折扣。
如卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务，卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个办法对出口商融资，也就是说，银行对该汇票贴现了。
注解：
discount 在这两句话中的意思一个是折扣，另一个是贴现。折扣是指商品在原价的基础上按百分比降价，贴现则是指未到期的票据向银行融资，银行扣取自买进日至到期日的利息，并收取一定的手续费后，将余下的票面金额付给持票人。
例五：endorse
Our products have been endorsed by the National Quality Inspection Aociation.Draft must be accompanied by full set original on board marine Bill off Lading made out to order，endorsed in blank，marked freight prepaid.译文：
我们的产品为全国质量检查协会的推荐产品。
汇票必须附有全套印有“货物收讫”字样的正本海运提单，凭指示、空白背书，并写明“运费已付”。
注解：
在第一个句子中，“推荐”是指用过某种产品后感到满意，并通过媒体介绍给公众。而第二句中的“空白背书明是指背书人(endorser)只在票据背面签上自己的名字，而不注明特定的被背书人(endorsee)。
例六：average
If a particular cargo Is partially damaged，the damage is called particular average.It's obvious that the products are below the average quality.译文：
如果某批货是部分受损，我们称之为“单独海损”。
很明显，这批产品的品质是中下水平。
注解：
在第一个句子中，particular average 的意思是“单独海损”，是指在保险业中由于海上事故所导致的部分损失，因此 average 一词的意思是损失或损坏，而第二句中的 average 为“平均”之意。
例七：tender
Under CIF, it is the seller's obligation to tender the relative documents to the buyer to enable him to obtain delivery of the goods.If they arrive, or to recover for the lo, if they are lost on the voyage.He became as exhilarated as if his tender for building a mansion had been accepted.译文：
在 CIF 价格术语项下，卖方的责任是向买方递交有关单证，使其能在货物到达后提取货物；如果货物运输途中丢失了，买方也可凭单证去获取补偿。
他欣喜若狂，好象他承办大厦建筑的投标被接受了。
注解：
商务英语中的重要条款用词非常正规，在第一句话中，tender 是用作动词，相当于 give。而在第二句中，tender 是用作名词，意思是“投标”。商业信函的7个“C”原则
写信的原则（Writing Principles）已从原来的3个“C”（Concisene, Clearne, Courtesy）发展到目前的７个“C”：Completene, Clearne, Concretene, Concisene, Correctne, Courtesy, Consideration
实例:
Dear Sirs,With reference to your letter of April 9, we are pleased to accept your offer of 100 tons of Copper Wire as per your Offer Sheet No.8/070/02B.Please go ahead and apply for your Export Licence.As soon as we are informed of the number of the Export Licence we will open the L/C by cable.信的本文汉译
关于你们四月九日涵，我们高兴地接受你们第8／070／02Ｂ号报盘单所报100吨紫色铜丝。请着手办理申请出口许可证。一经接到出口许可证号码的通知，当即电开信用证。出差用语
I can't mi the ten o'clock train.I'm going to Beijing on busine.I'm sure it's with the bo again this time.Nothing is more streful than going on a busine trip with our bo.They scheduled the negotiation at nine tomorrow morning.There're still several things that haven't been decided yet before the trip.Don't you think it a good thing for you to get out of the office for a couple of days?
The train isn't crowded at all recently.Last time I went on a busine trip with the bo I didn't even have enough to eat.he first thing you'll do is look for a comfortable hotel.You don't know how tight the schedule is for this busine trip.Quite often we have to play host to them though it's their home ground.Nothing's been decided yet.Why going there in such a hurry?
The company is sometimes very cheap on the travel expenses.I like to take an accasional busine trip for a change.On this trip I have to visit several important customers.We always discu busine matters.It's boring.Every time I'm back, I have to write a detailed report of the busine trip.Sometimes you arrive there around two or three o'clock in the morning.Busine trip is tiring to me.She always gets some presents for other people in the office when she's back from a busine trip.通知的写法
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。通知的写法有两种，一种是以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；另一种是以书信的形式，发给有关人员，次种通知写作形式同普通书信，只要写明通知的具体内容即可。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。
例一：布告形式的通知：通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE（通知），发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角处，发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如：
NOTICE
All profeors and aociate profeors are requested to meet in the college conference room on Saturday, August 18, at 2:00 p.m.to discu questions of international academic exchanges.May.14, 2000
通知
本星期六（8月18日）下午二时，全体教授和副教授在学院会议室开会，讨论国际学术交流问题，请准时出席。
例二：书信形式的通知
Dear Examinee:
As you know, due to unfortunate circumstances, ETS was forced to cancel the scores of the Octorber 1992 TOEFL ****istration in the People's Republic of China.At that time, you were notified that you would be able to take another TOEFL without charge up through the October 1993 ****istration.You should be aware that the TOEFL program has a long standing policy of not refunding test fees when ****istrations are cancelled.We apologize for any inconvenience that this may cause to you.Ruell Webster
Executive Director
TOEFLProgram
Educational Testing Service 诸考生：
如你所知，很遗憾，教育考试服务处被迫取消1992年10月在中华人民共和国进行的托福考试成绩，当时，我方通知你直至1993年10月止，可免费参加在此期间的任何一次考试。你本应知道托福考试项目有一条长期有效的政策：当考试被取消时，之后的一次考试不再收取费用。
因此带给您的不便，深表歉意。
教育考试服务处，托福考试项目执行主任：
拉塞尔·韦伯斯特（签字）面见客户时的实用英语
会话场景接机后的次日,Brian在公司里,为Johnathan 介绍自己的老板-Mr.Sun…。
B: Mr.Sun, I'd like you to meet Mr.Johnathan Mitchell, sales manager for Nortern Reflections of Canada.(Sun extends hand first;Sun and Mitchell shake hands)Mr.Mitchell, Mr.Steven Sun, general manager of Apex Trading.孙先生,让我为你介绍加拿大Northern Reflections的业务经理-Jonathan Mitchell先生。(孙先生先伸出手,两人握手)Mitchell先生,这是Steven孙先生,Apex贸易公司的总经理。
S: It's very nice to finally meet you, Mr.Mitchell-after so many phonecalls and faxes.(offers his busine card first)I'd like you to have my busine card.多次电话、传真往返之后,非常高兴终于见到您,Mitchell先生(先递出名片),请收下我的名片。
J: Thanks very much, Mr.Sun.Please accept mine.(offers his own card)And please, call me Johnathan.(both look at cards for a few seconds, then put them in wallets-not pockets)
谢谢您,孙先生。也请收下我的名片(递上自己的名片),叫我Johnathan就行了。
(两个人都看了一下对方的名片,放入皮夹而非口袋中)
B: If you don't mind, Johnathan, while you and Mr.Sun get acquainted, I'd like to check the arrangements for the meeting.如果你不介意,Johnathan,在你和孙先生互相认识时,我先失陪,看看会议安排得如何。
J: You're certainly on top of things, Brian.Brian,一切当然在你掌握之中!
S:(looking at Brian)You'll find Mr.Tayler-Brian91 Street
书信的结尾致意要留意,弄清大家的关系才选择用词,例子:
1.Very Formal非常正规的(例如给政府大老爷的)
Respectfully yours,Yours respectfully，2.Formal正规的(例如客户公司之间啦)
Very truly yours,Yours very truly,Yours truly，3.Le Formal不太正规的(例如客户)
Sincerely yours,Yours sincerely,Sincerely，Cordially yours,Yours cordially,Cordially，4.Informal非正规的(例如猪朋狗友,同事之类)
Regards，Warm regards，With kindest regards,With my best regards,My best，Give my best to Mary,Fondly,Thanks，See you next week!
有时在we, I, and you之间选择是很烦的事--
如果是公司代表联络生意之类,可以用:
We will reimburse you for these legal expenses.Sinopec will reimburse you for these legal expenses.如果单纯说你自己,可以用:
I found the brochure very informative.有时可以一起用啦...:
We are pleased to offer you the position of sales director, and I am looking forward to our Tuesday morning meeting.那么I和you呢?好烦好烦.一般来说,收信人的利益比较重要,名义上都要这样想.给人尊重的语气就一般不会错了.多用you有时会有隔阂的感觉.You will be pleased to learn that you have been selected to serve on our advisory board.Your prompt response will be appreciated.(好像欠你一样)
I'm pleased that our board has selected you as the best qualified candidate to serve on our advisory board.I hope you'll agree to serve.(这就友善多了)
Your book was well written and comprehensive.(不用你来判断我呀~~)
I thoroughly enjoyed your book and found an answer to every one of my questions about performance appraisals.(客气一点,人家受落)
总之,语气和宾词的运用得当能决定你的礼貌程度.开头致意
用人家的名字总好过人家的头衔称呼.如果没有名字,或者是好正规信的信件,可以考虑这些:
Dear Comittee Member:
Dear Meeting Planner:
Dear Colleagues:
To All Sales Reps:
To Whom It May Concern:
Dear Sir or Madam:
Dear Madam or Sir:
Dear Purchasing Agent:
如果是公司呢?
Gentlemen or Ladies:
Ladies or Gentlemen:
什么怪事都有,如果那公司是全男班或全女班呢?
Dear Sirs:
Dear Ladies:
Dear Mesdames:
Gentlemen:
Ladies:
有时见到人家用冒号就说人家错,其实也未必啊,看:
Dear Mr.Jones:(非常正规)
Dear Joan:
Dear Jim,Jim,(非正规)
签名
用笔亲自签名会比较受落,免到过都不要电脑贴图或盖章啦....不要把Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr.之类一起签,人家会笑你的...签名也看信件的语气.给朋友或公司客户,签Bill也可以,给陌生人就最好用Gates或者Bill Gates啦.商务谈判实例(一)Dan Smith是一位美国的健身用品经销商，此次是Robert Liu第一回与他交手。就在短短几分钟的交谈中，Robert Liu既感到这位大汉粗犷的外表，藏有狡兔的心思――他肯定是沙场老将，自己绝不可掉以轻心。双方第一回过招如下：
D: I'd like to get the ball rolling(开始)by talking about prices.R: Shoot.(洗耳恭听)I'd be happy to answer any questions you may have.D: Your products are very good.But I'm a little worried about the prices you're asking.R: You think we about be asking for more?(laughs)
D:(chuckles莞尔)That's not exactly what I had in mind.I know your research costs are high, but what I'd like is a 25% discount.R: That seems to be a little high, Mr.Smith.I don't know how we can make a profit with those numbers.D: Please, Robert, call me Dan.(pause)Well, if we promise future busine――volume sales(大笔交易)――that will slash your costs(大量减低成本)for making the Exec-U-ciser, right?
R: Yes, but it's hard to see how you can place such large orders.How could you turn over(销磬)so many?(pause)We'd need a guarantee of future busine, not just a promise.D: We said we wanted 1000 pieces over a six-month period.What if we place orders for twelve months, with a guarantee?
R: If you can guarantee that on paper, I think we can discu this further.商务谈判实例(二)
Robert回公司呈报Dan的提案后，老板很满意对方的采购计划;但在折扣方面则希望Robert能继续维持强硬的态度，尽量探出对方的底线。就在这七上七八的价格翘翘板上，双方是否能找到彼此地平衡点呢？请看下面分解:
R: Even with volume sales, our coats for the Exec-U-Ciser won't go down much.D: Just what are you proposing?
R: We could take a cut(降低)on the price.But 25% would slash our profit margin(毛利率).We suggest a compromise――10%.D: That's a big change from 25!10 is beyond my negotiating limit.(pause)Any other ideas?
R: I don't think I can change it right now.Why don't we talk again tomorrow?
D: Sure.I must talk to my office anyway.I hope we can find some common ground(共同信念)on this.NEXT DAY
D: Robert, I've been instructed to reject the numbers you proposed;but we can try to come up with some thing else.R: I hope so, Dan.My instructions are to negotiate hard on this deal――but I'm try very hard to reach some middle ground(互相妥协).D: I understand.We propose a structured deal(阶段式和约.For the first six months, we get a discount of 20%, and the next six months we get 15%.R: Dan, I can't bring those numbers back to my office――they'll turn it down flat(打回票).D: Then you'll have to think of something better, Robert.商务谈判实例(三)
Dan上回提议前半年给他们二成折扣，后半年再降为一成半，经Robert推翻后，Dan再三表示让步有限。您知道Robert在这折扣缝隙中游走，如何才能摸出双方都同意的数字呢？他从锦囊里又掏出什么妙计了呢？请看下面分解：
R: How about 15% the first six months, and the second six months at 12%, with a guarantee of 3000 units?
D: That's a lot to sell, with very low profit margins.R: It's about the best we can do, Dan.(pause)We need to hammer something out（敲定）today.If I go back empty-handed, I may be coming back to you soon to ask for a job.(smiles)
D:(smiles)O.K., 17% the first six months, 14% for the second?!
R: Good.Let's iron out（解决）the remaining details.When do you want to take delivery（取货）?
D: We'd like you to execute the first order by the 31st.R: Let me run through this again: the first shipment for 1500 units, to be delivered in 27 days, by the 31st.D: Right.We couldn't handle much larger shipments.R: Fine.But I'd prefer the first shipment to be 1000 units, the next 2000.The 31st is quite soon----I can't guarantee 1500.D: I can agree to that.Well, if there's nothing else, I think we've settled everything.R: Dan, this deal promises big returns（赚大钱）for both sides.Let's hope it's the beginning of a long and prosperous relationship.商业书信常用开头(1)特此奉告等
To inform one of;To say;To state;To communicate;To advise one of;To bring to one‟s notice(knowledge);To lay before one;To point out;To indicate;To mention;To apprise one of;To announce;To remark;To call one‟s attention to;To remind one of;etc.1.We are pleased to inform you that
2.We have pleasure in informing you that
3.We have the pleasure to apprise you of
4.We have the honour to inform you that(of)
5.We take the liberty of announcing to you that
6.We have to inform you that(of)
7.We have to advise you of(that)
8.We wish to inform you that(of)
9.We think it advisable to inform you that(of)
10.We are pleased to have this opportunity of reminding you that(of)
11.We take the advantage of this opportunity to bring before your notice
12.Please allow us to call your attention to
13.Permit us to remind you that(of)
14.May we ask your attention to
15.We feel it our duty to inform you that(of)
(2)为(目的)奉告某某事项
1.The purpose of this letter is to inform you that(of)
2.The purport of this line is to advise you that(of)
3.The object of the present is to report you that
4.The object of this letter is to tell you that
5.By this letter we Purpose to inform you that(of)
6.Through the present we wish to intimate to you that
7.The present serves to acquaint you that 出差常用商务用语
I can't mi the ten o'clock train.I'm going to Beijing on busine.I'm sure it's with the bo again this time.Nothing is more streful than going on a busine trip with our bo.They scheduled the negotiation at nine tomorrow morning.There're still several things that haven't been decided yet before the trip.Don't you think it a good thing for you to get out of the office for a couple of days?
The train isn't crowded at all recently.Last time I went on a busine trip with the bo I didn't even have enough to eat.The first thing you'll do is look for a comfortable hotel.You don't know how tight the schedule is for this busine trip.Quite often we have to play host to them though it's their home ground.Nothing's been decided yet.Why going there in such a hurry?
The company is sometimes very cheap on the travel expenses.I like to take an occasional busine trip for a change.On this trip I have to visit several important customers.We always discu busine matters.It's boring.Every time I'm back, I have to write a detailed report of the busine trip.Sometimes you arrive there around two or three o'clock in the morning.Busine trip is tiring to me.She always gets some presents for other people in the office when she's back from a busine trip.怎样回复不合理的抱怨和索赔？ I.USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 常用语
1.How to start your letter?
Thank you for your letter of ______[date] concerning the goods you ordered ____ weeks ago.Thank you for writing us about your irritation concerning the delay of....We have received the letter in which you complained about....I'm sorry to hear of the damage to your hairdryer during your trip abroad.2.How to say that your are not responsible for the damage/error/delay? The delay, however, was not caused at our end.We are sorry for the inconvenience you have experienced, but we cannot be held responsible for the delay.I'd like to clarify a misunderstanding we may have had regarding delivery terms and turn-around time.It appears that the responsibility should rest with the shipping company.I'm sorry, but we cannot be responsible for returned goods that are lost in transit.Unfortunately, we cannot be held responsible for this damage, which occurred because the hairdryer was plugged into a 220 volt outlet.3.How to offer suggestions or help?
I suggest that you contact your shipper to start tracing the shipment.Because we are not responsible for handling damage after the product leaves our plant, we suggest you check with your local store for a poible refund.We suggest that you deal with the shipping company and the insurers who have covered you on the goods.4.How to end your letter?
If you need any help in your investigation, please let me know.Please let me know if I may help further in this matter.Please let me know if you have any further questions.We appreciate your interest in our products.If you have any other question, please call me at 000-0000.II.SAMPLE 范文
Dear _________:
Thank you for your letter of ______[date] concerning the goods you ordered ______ weeks ago.Unlike domestic orders for which we guarantee overnight delivery, international orders take at least _____ weeks for delivery.We have made this clear in the order instruction of our catalog(p.___).As you will see, shipments for _________[area] usually take _____ weeks.If you desire faster delivery for your next order, we can send the goods by expre delivery.The rate, however, will be considerably higher.Sincerely yours, _________[name] _________[title] III.TIPS
掌握写作要领
1.Tell the customer that you have received his/her complaint.2.Tell the customer politely that his/her complaint or claim is not justified.3.Explain why you are not responsible for the problem.4.Be helpful in offering aistance or suggestions.5.When poible, be cooperative in compromise or partial adjustments.邀请信范例
Dear sir／madam
ORGANIZATION would very much like to have someone from your company speak at our conference on TOPIC.As you may be aware the miion of our aociation is to promote WHAT.Many of our members are interested in the achievements your company has made in.Enclosed is our preliminary schedule for the conference which will be reviewed in weeks.I'll call you DATE to see who from your company would be willing to speak to us.I can aure you that we'll make everything convenient to the speaker.Sincerely yours
NAME 商务合同英译应注意的问题
英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
前言
一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词
商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副词常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上，这种公文语惯用副词为数并不多，而且构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：
从此以后、今后：hereafter； 此后、以后：thereafter； 在其上：thereonthereupon； 在其下：thereunder； 对于这个：hereto； 对于那个：whereto；
在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore； 在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；
在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore； 在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．
现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语
英译商务合同时，常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。
2.1.shipping advice 与 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“装运通知”，是由出口商（卖主）发给进口商（买主）的。然而 shipping instructions 则是“装运须知”，是进口商（买主）发给出口商（卖主）的。另外要注意区分 vendor（卖主）与 vendee（买主），consignor（发货人）与 consignee（收货人）。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。
2.2.abide by 与 comply with
abide by 与 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思．但是当主语是“人”时，英译“遵守”须用 abide by。当主语是非人称时，则用 comply with 英译“遵守”。
例 3：双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.2.3.change A to B 与 change A into B
英译“把 A 改为 B“用“change A to B”，英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B“用“change A into B”，两者不可混淆。
例 4：交货期改为 8 月并将美元折合成人民币。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.2.4.ex 与 per
源自拉丁语的介词 ex 与 per 有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用 ex，由某轮船“运走”的货物用 Per，而由某轮船“承运”用 by。
例 5：由“维多利亚”轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于 10 月 1 日抵达伦敦。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S.“Victoria” will arrive at London on October(S.S.= Steamship)
2.5.in 与 after
当英译“多少天之后”的时间时，往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天，所以必须用介词 in，而不能用 after，因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。
例 6：该货于 11 月 10 日由“东风”轮运出，41 天后抵达鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V.“Dong Feng” on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rotterdam in 140 days.(M.V.= motor veel)
2.6.on/upon 与 after
当英译“……到后，就……”时，用介词 on/upon，而不用 after，因为 after 表示“之后”的时间不明确。
例 7：发票货值须货到付给。
The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.2.7.by 与 before
当英译终止时间时，比如“在某月某日之前”，如果包括所写日期时，就用介词 by；如果不包括所写日期，即指到所写日期的前一天为止，就要用介词 before。
例 8：卖方须在 6 月 15 日前将货交给买方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16，说明含 6 月 15 日在内。如果不含 6 月 15 日,就译为 by June 14 或者 before June 15。)
三、慎重处理合同的关键细目
实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目．比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
3.1.限定责任
众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
3.1.1 and/or 常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免?nbsp| 译其中的一部分。
例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.3.1.2 by and between
常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2.限定时间
英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
3.2.1 双介词
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11；自 9 月 2O 日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于 5 月 1 日，支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e.on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than
用“not(no)later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于 12 月 15 日，你方须将货物装船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e.not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相应形式
常用 include 的相应形式：inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。
例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至 1 月 1 日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive)for negotiation in Beijing.(or: This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1 月 1 日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。
3.3.限定金额
为避免金额数量的差?nbsp|、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。
3.3.1.大写文字重复金额
英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY“，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”．意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。
例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500(SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号
英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$“既可代表“美元”，又可代表其它某些地方的货币；而“￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其它某些地方的货币。
必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧靠货币符号，例如：Can $891,568，不能写成：Can $ 891,568。另外，翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,)，因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。
国际电话中的常用语
Hello.May I speak to Mr.Brown?
Yes, this is he speaking.Who's speaking, please?
I'm sorry, he is not in now.Would you like to leave a meage?
Mr.Brown is on another line now.Hold the line a moment, please.May I have Ext.5883?
I can't hear you.Would you speak a little louder?
I'm sorry.I have the wrong number.You are wanted on phone.Will you ask him to call me back later?
I was cut off.Will you connect me again?
We'll call you back in a few minutes.Will you hang up and wait, please?
I want to place an overseas call to New York.Could you tell me the time and charges after the call?
Sorry, I can't wait.Please cancel the call.This is the Singapore operator.Would you connect me with Mr.Lee in the International Department?
This is the overseas operator in the United States.You have an overseas collect call from Mr.Smith in San Francisco.Will you accept the charges? 外贸常见英文缩略词
CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价
D/P(document against payment)付款交单
C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证
CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱
DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元
PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等
G.W.(gro weight)毛重
C/D(customs declaration)报关单
W(with)具有
FAC(facsimile)传真
EXP（export)出口
MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度
M/V（merchant veel)商船
INT（international)国际的MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨
INV(invoice)发票
REF（reference)参考、查价
STL.(style)式样、款式、类型
RMB（renminbi)人民币
PR或PRC(price)价格
S/C（sales contract)销售确认书
B/L（bill of lading)提单
CIF（cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价
T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇
D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单
G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等
DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打
WT(weight)重量
N.W.(net weight)净重
EA(each)每个，各
w/o(without)没有
IMP(import)进口
MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的
M 或MED(medium)中等，中级的S.S(steamship)船运
DOC(document)文件、单据
P/L(packing list)装箱单、明细表
PCT(percent)百分比
EMS（expre mail special)特快传递
T或LTX或TX(telex)电传
S/M（shipping marks)装船标记
PUR(purchase)购买、购货
L/C（letter of credit)信用证
FOB（free on board)离岸价 商务英语七日七语
1.I will send you some brochuresif you are interested.如果您有兴趣的话，我可以寄给您一些介绍产品的小册子。
2.Can you suggest an alternative﹖
能否告知您其他方便时间？
3.As an alternativeI wish to propose May 3rd.另一个方便时间是5月3日。
4.If you are interestedwe may consider selecting you as our partner.如果贵公司感兴趣，我们可以考虑选择你们作为我们的合作伙伴。
5.I see.But aren‟t these prices for your domestic customers﹖
我明白了。但是这些价格是提供给国内顾客的吗？
6.Yeswe take note of your comment.Prices depend also on volume.How much quantity do you forecast to sell in the first year﹖
好的，我们会注意这一点。价格也会因数量而有所不同，贵公司预计在第一年销售多少数量呢？
7.Thenlet us develop together a marketing plan with yearly forecasts of volume with pricing.那么，让我们依年度数量预测来共同拟订一个市场销售计划。商务信件书写简要介绍
Brief Introduction to Busine Letters Words and expreions: Letterhead Reference Salutation Complimentary Attention line Subject line Enclosure Carbon copy Full block style（齐头式）Indented style
Section A Parts of Busine Letters Most busine letters have seven standard parts.They are letterhead, reference and date, inside addre, salutation, body, complimentary close, and signature.When appropriate, any of the following optional items can be included.Attention line, subject line, file or account number, enclosures, carbon copy notation, mailing notation and postscript.Letterhead
Letterhead designs vary with busine organizations and occupy the top of the first page.They may be positioned at the center or at the left margin the top of the page.A busine letterhead, usually printed, contains all or some of the following elements: The company‟s name , addre, postcode, telephone number, telex number, fax number, the name of the officer or the director and even some picture or slogan for a symbol of the company.Reference and Date A typewritten date is necearily included in the heading.The date is usually placed two lines below the last line of the letterhead at left margin for full block style or ending with the right margin for indented style.It is usual to show the date in the order day/month/year(English Practice)or month /day /year(American practice).Avoid giving a date in figures and abbreviations.Inside Addre The inside addre is typed directly below the date line at the left hand margin.The inside addre of a letter to an individual consists of the person‟s courtesy title, name, busine or executive title(it should be used immediately after the name)and addre.When the letter is to a group, the inside addre includes the full group name and the addre.Care should be taken to addre the recipient exactly as on the envelope.Salutation
Salutation is placed at the left margin two lines below the inside addre and two lines above the body of the letter.Considered a polite greeting with which a friendly busine letter begins, the personal salutation must be appropriate for the first line of the inside addre.If the letter is addreed to an individual, It is usual to use: Dear Mr.Smith, Dear Ms.John, Dear Prof.Hobart, Dear Dr.Walter, The trend is towards Ms.As the courtesy title for all women regardle of their marital status.When addreing a letter to a firm, Dear Sirs, Ladies and gentlemen or Gentlemen(American English)would be used.Attention Line An attention line is considered a part of the inside addre and it leads the letter to a particular person or department when the letter is addreed to a company.It is usually between the inside addre and the salutation or above the inside addre ,as shown in examples: Attention: Import Dept.For the attention of Mr.Donnan, Sales manager Attention of Mr.Standard, General Manager.Subject line The subject heading is regarded as a part of the body of a busine letter.Usually it is in the upper case or initial capitals/underline and placed between the salutation and the body of a letter to call attention to what content the letter is about.For example: Dear Ms.Smith, Our Catalogue No.2, Opening Sentence The first paragraph of the body is introductory.It will always begin with reference to the previous letter received and provide an introduction to what will be discued.Here are examples as follows:(1),Your letter of 9‟‟ September to our Beijing
(2),We refer to quotations of 8‟‟october and our mail offer of 1‟‟ December regarding the supply of Speedo swimming caps.(3)We acknowledge, with thanks, receipt of your binding application form for the 76‟‟ international Exhibition in March, 1998.(4),We are pleased to inform you that the arrangements have now been made to ship the cotton underwear under your Order no.456.(5), We regret up to the time of writing we have not heard anything from you about the shipment under the captioned contract.Complimentary close The complimentary close is simply a polite way to end a letter.The expreion for the complimentary close should match the salutation.It appears in the middle of the page and two lines below the closing sentence for indented layout.While it starts at the left-hand margin for fully blocked letters.Only the initial letter in the first word of any complimentary close is capitalized.Postscript The signature mainly consists of the addreer‟s signature, he typed name of his and his busine title.Name of the company if it is previously printed on the letterhead.The addreer should sign the letter by hand and in ink above the typed name which the typed post follows immediately.Signing on behalf of somebody else ,it is usual to write for pp or per pro before he letter.Enclosure
