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课 程 论 文
题
目：
Of Haze
学生姓名
陈艳梅
指导教师
夏丽云
二级学院
外国语学院 专 业 英 语
班
级 11 英语（1）班 学
号 1111101002
课程名称 美英报刊选读
得 分
2014 年 5 月10 日
Of Haze
_______________________________________________________________________________
A Bachelor’s Thesis
Presented to The School of Foreign Languages Jinling Institute of Technology
_______________________________________________________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Reading Course in News Publications
____________________________________________________________________________
by Chen Yanmei May 10, 2014
Abstract
It has been years since we paid attention to protecting the environment, however, the environment gets more and more serious rather than better.In the film Private Custom , we make apologies to the sun, for we can’t see it clearly because of the haze;we make apologies to polluted river----the mother who nurtures us, for it is stink because of contamination and it may be unwilling to continue to nurture us;we make apologies to the soil, for we are so greedy of extraction of oil that the soil is infertile…“PM2.5”and “Haze” have already been familiar to us, especially in Beijing and Nanjing.Living in Nanjing, I experienced the haze and had a deep thought about it.So, making use of the opportunity, I will talk it through.Key Words : Haze;Nanjing;harm;reason;solutions
i 金陵科技学院学士学位论文
5.Cause and the Embodiment
1.Introduction
The longest distance in the world is that I couldn’t see Chairman Mao even though I am right in front of the Tiananmen!Nowadays,“PM2.5”and “Haze” have already been familiar to us, especially in Beijing and Nanjing.One of the most popular iPad apps in Beijing at present is China Air Pollution Index.The app is both addictive and disturbing.I checked the numbers and discovered that the AQ level, which measures fine particulates that are especially dangerous, was 250 – about five times the level deemed safe.Living in Nanjing, I experienced the haze.At that time, all the middle school students had two days off to keep away from the haze.However, we university students had claes as usual.Maybe we are stronger than middle school students, but even they are kept indoors, it is hard to escape from the harm of haze.So, let’s talk about haze in the following aspect.The definition of haze
WHO guidelines say average concentrations of the tiniest pollution particlehould be no more than 25 microgrammes per cubic metre.Air is unhealthy above 100 microgrammes and at 300, all children and elderly people should remain indoors.With the deterioration of air quality, haze got worse and worse.Many areas incorporated haze into the fog together as weather warning forecasting.In fact, there is a big difference between fog and haze in some ways.For example: fog occurs when the air is humid, while haze occurs when the air is relatively dry, the relative air humidity is usually below 60%.Its formation is due to a large number of very fine uniform floating dust particles, soot, salt, etc.in the air, causing the effective horizontal visibility le than 10KM air turbidity.Diurnal variation haze obscured.When there is no large change in the air ma, haze lasts for a long time, sometimes over more than 10 days.Because the haze, mist, dust storms, blowing sand, dust, smoke and other weather phenomena are caused by floating in the air and a lot of very fine dust or smoke particles , etc.resulting in effective horizontal visibility is le than 10KM.So sometimes it is difficult for weather profeionals to distinguish them.In order to draw the right conclusions, weather profeionals must combined the weather background, sky conditions, air humidity, odor and color satellite monitoring and other factors to make a comprehensive analysis, but sometimes fog and haze can interchange.The harm of haze The haze will affect not only health of people but also the economic, as well as the future of China.First, once inhaled, the tiny particles can make people more vulnerable to respiratory infections, as well as leading to increased mortality from lung cancer and heart disease.We all know that losing a family member is how sorrowful, so haze may destroy not only a person, but 金陵科技学院学士学位论文
5.Cause and the Embodiment also a family.Second, a number of foreigners won’t go to China for travelling because of haze, which will bring a lo to our economic.Third, the decline of economic will in turn weaken national power.After all, economic decides politics and culture.In this way, it will be difficult for us to make China Dream come true.Fog and haze are “ killer ” for patients with cardiovascular disease, especially for those who with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, the elderly.They had better not go out, nor do morning exercises, otherwise, it may induce the disease, or a heart attack, even causing life-threatening.Experts point out that the reason why fog and haze are “dangerous days” for patients with cardiovascular disease is that the air preure is low, oxygen decreases in the air when there is haze, so it's easy to feel tightne in chest.The wet morning mist is cold, which can easily lead to fluctuations in blood preure, vascular spasm, cardiac load and so on.Meanwhile, some pathogens can cause headaches fog, and even induce high blood preure, stroke and other diseases.Therefore, to avoid danger, people with cardiovascular disease, especially the elderly and infirm, should not go out or do morning exercise in the haze day.In one word, haze is harmful to everyone and everything.And the harm can be direct or indirect, so it is difficult for us to escape from it.Realizing the harm, we ought to find out the reasons and take relative steps to prevent it.The reasons for haze Pollution in China is now so bad that it threatens to obscure the vision being laid out by Xi Jinping, the new president.Mr.Xi has popularised the idea of a “Chinese dream”, an obvious foil to the American dream.His dream seems to involve increasing wealth at home and increasing power abroad.But the choking smog suggests that the leadership needs to rethink its national goals.After all, what is the point of rapid economic growth if it creates cities in which it is dangerous to breathe? One study, published in The Lancet medical journal last year, suggested that air pollution might have caused about 1.2m premature deaths in China in 2010 alone – a considerable figure even for a country of 1.3bn people.Beijing has registered a 60 per cent rise in lung cancer cases in the past decade.With pollution that bad, otherwise innocent sights take on a sinister aspect.Ma Jun, a prominent environmental activist, says that on days when the smog envelops the city he winces when he sees children playing football outdoors.Indeed many schools, foreign and Chinese, now forbid kids from playing outside on bad days.The pollution in Beijing is also an international embarrament.The government went to great lengths to show the city off at its best during the 2008 Olympics, yet now the first thing any foreign visitor wants to talk about is the pollution, and many expats talk about leaving.Even allowing for the installation of air filters in official residences, China's leaders have to breathe the same air as their citizens.So one might expect them to make pollution their top priority.But the signs are that rapid growth remains goal number one.That is partly because, in recent decades, the government has derived its legitimacy from growth.Officials speak with justifiable pride about the hundreds of millions of people who have 金陵科技学院学士学位论文
5.Cause and the Embodiment been lifted out of poverty.Influential pro-government academics, such as Shanghai's Zhang Weiwei, argue that the one-party system does not need a democratic mandate because it has “performance legitimacy”, derived from improving the lot of ordinary people.The solutions to haze The pollution problem suggests the leadership needs urgently to adopt a “greener” measure of “performance”.It is not just the air.The rivers are often polluted by industrial waste, and the country has had a series of food-safety scandals.Local leaders and businepeople also need to change direction.For the past 30 years, every provincial governor with an eye on a big job in Beijing knew that they would be judged by the local growth rate.Persuading them that they should now care as much about their city's air quality will be difficult when their personal and political fortunes are still tied to increasing the rate of economic expansion.Some of the neceary environmental measures are fairly obvious.Insisting on cleaner fuel for cars and stricter emiion standards for factories and power stations is crucial.But enforcing those rules will involve facing down powerful interests in the state-owned energy and power companies.If nothing is done, the problem will certainly worsen.Coal-fired power stations continue to open at a great pace and the number of cars on the roads is projected to quadruple by 2030.The latter is, of course, part of the Chinese dream of rising affluence.But personal fulfillment threatens to create a collective nightmare.China can take some comfort from the fact that notoriously polluted cities elsewhere, such as London and Los Angeles, have been cleaned up.But the task for Beijing will be particularly tough.Mr.Ma, the environmentalist, says: “London's problem was coal and LA's problem was cars.We have both.”
The fact that environmental activists are allowed to speak out, however, may be a sign that the government wants to act and is willing to encourage a public debate.The air-quality readings for Beijing used to be released only by the US embay.Now the government releases its own figures in real time, which people can check on their phones as they move around the city.Mr.Xi has made clear that he wants to restore Chinese greatne.But greatne can be defined in many ways.The country can now take rising affluence and international respect for granted.The next dream for China should be cleaner air and water – and an open debate about how to get there.To begin with, the government must take action to protect the environment, rather than develop the economic at the expense of environment.It is neceary for the government to supervise industries in case they pollute the environment.What’s more, enterprises should realize the importance of protecting the environment.If our home is destroyed, what’s the meaning of making money? Last but not least, every citizen should take responsibility for our home.As the saying goes that “Many hands make the work light”.金陵科技学院学士学位论文
5.Cause and the Embodiment
Conclusion
As a summary, haze is harmful to each of us and everyone should take responsibility for it.We can’t develop our economic at the expense of the environment.Otherwise, we will suffer from an unimaginable effect.Till that day, we will feel sorry for our stupid act.So all we should do is take action right now, and pay much attention to the environment than economic.Nowadays in the 21st century, as the economic develops, people pay much more attention to health.However, the pollution worries everyone.So it demands for attentions on the environment.Let’s just do it!
Bibliography
海外网.[M].NewYork: Random,2014年2月16日。新闻联播，中国新闻网；2013年1月12日。杨文丰, 《北京文学》杂志社2013年第7期。5
