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简评美国作家作品之海明威《老人与海》 ————美国文学欣赏公选课结课论文
A simple evaluation of American writer Hemingway's works
Author brief introduction
Ernest Miller Hemingway(July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961)was an American author and journalist.His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations.Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works.Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.Many of these are considered claics of American literature.His life created many of the works, one of the most famous works is “the old man and the sea”.The Introduction and the main plot of the work
The Old Man and the Sea is a novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952.It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime.One of his most famous works, it centers upon Santiago, an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.The
Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.The old man and the sea“ is adapted from a true story.In 1935, an old fisherman told Hemingway himself once hunted to a big marlin, but later were eaten by the shark, this legendary old fisherman has caught Hemingway's attention, he decided to put the old fisherman experience into the novel to readers.The main plot and content of this work is as follows: At this country in cuba.One is called ”the old fisherman Santiago“ lived in a hut, he lived a poor life, but find no kin to turn to, helple, only one called ”Ma Noreen“ boy to chat with him, helped him pick up the fishing tool.Recently the old fishermen out of luck, for 84 days did not catch a fish, although luck cover, but the old fisherman did not give up, the eighty-fifth day, he is still optimistic about the sea.This time, his luck was great, catch a giant fish Ma Lin, because Ma Lin fish is too big, force is larger than the old fisherman, Ma Lin fish the old fisherman and his raft towed marine center of the depths of the sea, the old fisherman after three days of fighting, with a strong will, he beat the loneline, pain and hunger, Ma Lin fish kills, he put the Ma Lin fish tied
to the boat, started to return home.Marlin drew blood a shark in the ocean, they tried to snatch the marlin meat, although the old fisherman tried to kill a lot of sharks, but Marlin meat was eventually encroach upon a light, when he returned home, marlin, leaving a skeleton.The main character analysis
About the characters, the main character of the novel is the old fisherman Santiago, helple, no relatives, and adjacent to the boy Ma Nuolin well, Ma Noreen often come to chat with him, and he learn fishing techniques.The old fisherman characters,Santiago brother is a lonely, failure, and brave, love life, eager to win a man.At the beginning of the novel, to lay their failure and lonely destiny tone--”he is alone in the Gulf Stream in a flat-bottomed boat fishing for the elderly, this time has gone eighty-four days, didn't catch a fish“, ”bad to the extreme“.His patched sails, ”like the flag of permanent defeat“.He had a wife, but the wife had died only a portrait, reflects his loneline.He also had a youthful brilliance, and was awarded the outstanding person envy ”champion in wrestling“.But now, he became a dilapidated, old scarred flag.”He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of great trace, nor of great fish, nor of struggle, no longer
dreamed wrestling, no longer dreamed of his wife“.It was as if he had nothing at all.But this novel is not a mood gloomy defeatism or nihilism works.Even though he has aged and feeble, viciitudes, time and destiny almost deprived of everything, but he still has the impulse and desire for victory.His baseball game, enthusiasm and concern of his ”champion“ memories of the past, especially as the king of beasts lion in the dream appears repeatedly, fate and he is full of failed exactly into control.Can say, in his soul, and with another world.In this world, filled with a lion, king, become the impulse and the dream time, never yield in spite of reverses the winner.So he was ”too big for her skin“ to sail out to sea.Santiago brother, this lonely, failure, but also has a strong will and the winner impulse into the sea.No doubt, this will be the world met with two fight.A lonely and dilapidated, and have their own unique character and spirit of the old world life, in a be struck with fright contest and the most violent natural earth.The sun and moon and stars and the vast expanse of the sea, this constitutes a game of space magnificent brilliant background.Santiago brother love the sea.Therefore, he will always sea as a woman.In his mind, ”she is kind and very beautiful“, but on the other hand, he also
knew that the ”cruel sea“.So I think, he will be the sea as a woman, there is a deeper reason of another, that he was on the sea men desire to conquer.He and the sea, and the big marlin and shark's bloody battle, this is the concrete embodiment of conquest.The sea Santiago brother once again underlined his loneline, but it never failed to defeat the character and destiny.As if his life, both in the hunt has been most concentrated.He automatic speaking in the sea, experiencing the deepest helple and lonely.In his battle with the blood flow, avalanche scars, but also with hunger, weary of their own, and the injured and cramps body on self.But as he said: ”a person is not born for defeat.You can destroy him, but he is defeated “, a fisherman, he was” born to do “.He will all be understanding to undertake.So he himself will, eventually kill fish, victory.But he still failed.In his final, left the wreckage of fish.But in the spirit, but he still is the winner.He and the big marlin, even by completely ”destroy“, leaving only bones, but still has not been ”beat“.This is the reality of life, Hemingway failed to convert and sublimate into bitter spirit of triumph, and give praise of the saints.But after all, Santiago elder brother and not saints.He even ”is not
religious“.His distinctive temperament of the saints may just coincidence, just writer painstakingly.in his world, with so many ordinary and happy things.Or say,Santiago brother world although lonely, but not autism.He and the people around him, and the small fishing village of the modern world and the vast world, even distant, are closely related to.He and fishermen and live together in peace together, the child is named Ma Nuolin and deeply loved him.He is on the sea think constantly of children.But his newspaper and radio such modern things, also full of love and curiosity.This is because through them, he can focus the baseball game information.For Santiago brother, pay attention to children means focus on the future, and focus on the baseball game, not only sustenance and echoing the inherent impulse he beat his opponent, winning, but also means he and broader and more modern spirit of the outside world.That is, Hemingway not only depicts the Santiago brother spirit and character of the world, is fully demonstrated the world and the nature of this world(marine, seabirds, the big marlin, sharks, as well as the sun and moon and stars), as a small society world(fishermen fishing village, a child), the modern world wide(the baseball game)and full of hope for the future world(children), as well as the divine world beyond the mundane(his prayer and
his suffering as the Holy Spirit contact image), and this, will further enrich and deepen his spirit and character of the world.Santiago brother in the world, the original is so vast, brilliant, broad and deep!I think, this is the basic reason of ”the old man and the sea“ is always the artistic charm。
Literary Criticism
Carlos Beck in the ”Hemingway“ say ”in his life, he always strictly follow the parents teach, keep the brave and firm and indomitable spirit.“ , Hemingway had participated in World War Two, the number of the wounded, a wounded, the doctor 230 shrapnel take from him.”The old man and the sea“ is Hemingway's own ”hard man“ spirit.British scholar Beh O Betts said: ”Hemingway is a man with the axe.He diligently strive after, is between the eyes and the object, is directly communicated between the object and the reader, to produce bright beautiful feeling, in order to achieve this goal, he cut off the whole forest pleonasm redundancy, he restored basic branches of the fresh face, he removed the explanation, discuion, even to talk about, cut off all the brightly coloured metaphor removal of the Convention, article, lifele until finally, with sparse, thoroughly tempered text, click into place before, can be see.“
Taiwan scholar Chen Renxiao said: a man can fail, but not to be defeated, external bodies can be tortured, but inherent will is sacred and
inviolate, this is ”the old man and the sea“ has repeatedly streed that the argument.True masters are the most simple language to expre the profound truth, really good works are the life experience to do the theme, ”the old man and the sea“ is portrayed Hemingway is a lifetime best picture, as Hemingway said, ”I have read 200 times, each read one time, I was more of a harvest, I finally got my life working hard to get something“.References
1、^ ”Pulitzer Prize First Edition Guide: Photos of the first edition of ''The Old Man and the Sea''“.Pprize.com.June 7, 2007.Retrieved April 5, 2012.2、^ Life(Time Inc)33(8).25 August 1952.ISSN 0024-3019.”Hemingway's work is a 27,000-word novel called The Old Man and the Sea.“
3、^ Time Inc(25 August 1952).LIFE.Time Inc.pp.124–.ISSN 00243019.Retrieved 7 May 2013.”Hemingway's work is a 27,000-word novel called The Old Man and the Sea.“
4、^ ”The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954“.The Nobel Foundation.Retrieved January 31, 2005.5、^ Perkins, Maxwell(2004).Bruccoli, Matthew J.;Baughman, Judith, eds.The sons of Maxwell Perkins: letters of F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, and their editor.University of South Carolina
Pre.p.xxvii.ISBN 1-57003-548-2.6、^ ”A Hemingway timeline Any man's life, told truly, is a novel“.The Kansas City Star(KansasCity.com).June 27, 1999.Retrieved 2009–08–29.7、^ a b Desnoyers, p.13
8、^ Oliver 1999, p.247
9、^ Meyers 1985, p.489
10、^ ”Heroes:Life with Papa“.TIME.November 8, 1954.Retrieved 2009–12–12.11、^ ”The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954“.Nobelprize.org.Retrieved October 4, 2009.12、^ Meyers 1985, p.485
13、^ ”Books: An American Storyteller“.TIME.December 13, 1954.Retrieved February 1, 2011.14、^ Old Man and the Sea.Introduction: The Ripening of a Masterpiece.Simon and Schuster.Retrieved September 29, 2012.15、^ Hemingway, Ernest(edited by William White)(1967).By-Line: Ernest Hemingway.Selected articles and dispatches of four decades.New York: Scribner's.16、^ ”Eyes the Same Color as the Sea“.Retrieved June 25, 2011.17、^ Herlihy, Jeffrey(2009).”Eyes the same color as the Sea: Santiago's Expatriation from Spain and Ethnic Otherne in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea“.The Hemingway Review.XXVIII: 25–44.18、^ *Joseph Waldmeir(1957).”Confiteor Hominem: Ernest Hemingway's Religion of Man“.Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters XLII: 349–356.19、^ Hemingway, Ernest(0000).The Old Man and the Sea.New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.hardcover: ISBN 0-684-83049-3, paperback: ISBN 0-684-80122-1
20、^ a b Robert P.Weeks(1962).”Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea“.College English XXIV: 188–192.21、^ Meyers 1985, p.440
