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英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化
京剧 Peking opera
秦腔 Qin opera
功夫Kungfo
太极Tai Chi
口 技 ventriloquism
木偶戏puppet show
皮影戏 shadowplay
折子戏 opera highlights
杂技 acrobatics
相声 witty dialogue comedy
刺绣 embroidery
苏绣 Suzhou embroidery
泥人 clay figure
书法 calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画 Chinese brush painting
中国结 Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
火药 gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compa
青铜器 bronze ware
瓷器 porcelain;china
唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰蓝cloisonne
秋千swing
武术 martial arts
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化 Confucian culture
道教 Taoism
墨家Mohism
法家 Legalism
佛教 Buddhism
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
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《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Claic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching;The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
《三字经》Three-character Scriptures
八股文 eight-part eay
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
旗袍 cheongsam
中山装 Chinese tunic suit
唐装 Tang suit
风水 Fengshui;geomantic omen
阳历 Solar calendar
阴历 Lunar calendar
闰年 leap year
十二生肖zodiac
春节 the Spring Festival
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival
中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day
重阳节 the Double-ninth Day
七夕节 the Double-seventh Day
春联 spring couplets
庙会 temple fair
爆竹 firecracker
年画（traditional)New Year pictures
压岁钱 New Year gift-money
舞龙dragon dance
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯 festival lantern
灯谜 lantern riddle
舞狮 lion dance
踩高跷 stilt walking
赛龙舟 dragon boat race
胡同hutong
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山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot 长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower 秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山“Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai 黄山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关 Juyongguan Pa 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake
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九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple 乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会
多元文化论 cultural pluralism
文化适应 acculturation
社会保障 social security
班车 shuttle bus
相定迁户 a relocated unit or household
大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age
独生子女 the only child in a family
单亲 single parent
福利彩票 welfare lotteries
家政服务 household management service
民工 migrant laborers
名人 celebrity
农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers
青春期 puberty
全民健身运动 nationwide fitne campaign
全国人口普查 nationwide census
社会保险 social insurance
暂住证 temporary residence permit/card
青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency
性骚扰 sexual harament
走私 smuggling
*性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination
年龄歧视 age discrimination
工作歧视 job discrimination
享乐主义hedonism
文盲 illiteracy
贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor
盗版 pirated/illegal copies
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
三个代表 the Three Represents Theory
两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)
南南合作 South-South Cooperation
南北对话 North-South Dialog
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人大常委会 People’s Congre Standing Committee 法制观念 awarene of law 法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants 官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning 计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee 科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cro-straits relations 两岸谈判 cro-straits negotiations 领 土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system 求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society 小康水平 a well-off standard 一个中国原则 the one-China principle 与时俱进 keep pace with the times 综合国力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”（战略）going global 不结盟 non-alignment 单边主义 unilateralism 多边政策 multilateralism 多极世界 multipolar world 人 口 老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement;aignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community
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高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers’ college;normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college)entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program;syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Busine English Certificate(BEC)适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade;enrollment rate 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济
总需求 aggregate demand
总供给 aggregate supply
企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture
企业形象 corporate image(Cl);enterprise image
跨国公司 cro-national corporation
创业精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司head-hunter
假日经济 holiday economy
人力资本human capital
航空和航天工业aerospace industry
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飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones(SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩exce liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate 存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation(OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty(G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister 全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year
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经济活力 economic vitality 大规模经济刺激计划 a maive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform 硬资产 hard aets 软资产 soft aets 有形资产 tangible aets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust;anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt 地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support 英语四级翻译中的基本句型：
1.否定句型
1)部分否定: all/ every/ both/ always etc.+ not
2)完全否定: no/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ nowhere/ neither/ never etc.+ 谓语
3)双重否定:
S + cannot + refrain from/ help + doing;忍不住…, 控制/ 抑制不住….S + cannot + but/ choose but/ help but + do;不得不, 只好….There be no + S + but + 谓语.Eg.There is no rule but has its exceptions.2.判断句型:
1)强调判断句: S + be + no/ none + other than + 表语----
不是别的…, 正是 ….;
Nothing but/ other than …;
It is ….that ….2)正反判断句: not A but B;not that… but that ….;
not … because …., but because ….3)比较判断句: more A than B;le B than A;A rather than B;not so much A as B
Eg.It wasn’t so much the clothes as the man himself who impreed us immediately.立刻给我们以深刻印象的与其说是衣服还不如说是这人本身.3.倍数表示句型
1)S + be/ v.+ 倍数 + that of 被比较的对象;
+ n.+ as + adj./ adv./ n.+ as..;
+ 比较级 + than …
Eg.☆ China is twenty times the size of Japan.☆ This year our factory has turned out three times as many bicycles as it did 10 years ago.☆ The floor space of the new building is twice that of the old one.第8页，共10页
☆ The yield of wheat in 1996 was four times greater than that of 1966.☆ Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need.4.比较句型:
☆ as ….as…;more/ le than….No more/ le than ….;
☆
Would rather / sooner do A than do B
5.程度句型:
☆ so/ such … + that – clause;
☆ so/ such … as to do …;
☆ too ….to do …
6.倒装让步句型: as 表示 “虽然, 尽管” 时, 用倒装结构.☆ 表语 + as + S + be, + 主句;
☆ 副词/ 动词 + as + S , + 主句
Eg.☆ Child/ Young as he is, he knows much bout the world.☆ Try as we might, we could not accomplish it.7.作形式主语的常见句型:
☆ It is adj./ vi./ n./ done that ……
Eg.It’s poible/ It turns out/ It’s a pity/ It’s said that …..虚拟语气：
在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：
（一）：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子
(1).与现在的事实相反：[If---+ were/did---,---+ would do---]
If I were you , I would marry him.如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2).与过去的事实相反：[If---+ had done---,---+would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have paed the exam.果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3).与将来的事实可能相反：[If---+ should do---,---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
（二）用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should)+ do sth”(在美语中should常省去)。
类似用法的动词有： insist(坚持), suggest(建议), order(命令), propose(建议), demand(要求), command(命令), advise(建议), desire(要求请求), request(请求), require(需要、要求), ask(要求), prefer(宁愿), recommend(推荐), arrange(安排), advocate(拥护、提倡),maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
（三）用在“It + be + important(,neceary , natural , eential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , poible , impoible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等)+ that---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中
（四）用在It is time that---结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。
It is time(that)we went to bed.咱们该睡觉了。
注意: time 前可加about(表示“大约”)或high(表示“强调”)等。
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