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对词: 1.cyberspace(网络空间):The Internet and the information on it 2.cyberspace community（网络社区）：A group of people with similar interests and taste communicating among themselves on the Internet.3.e-mail（电子邮件）:Meages that computer users send to each other via a modem and servers on the Internet.4.the Internet/Net（网络）：A network of computers though which people with a computer and a modem can exchange meages.5.surfing the Internet（网上冲浪）：Looking for information on the Internet.6.website（网站）：The place where screens of information are found on the Internet.7.formerly（以前，原来）：in the past 8.embrace（包含）：include 9.artificial（人造的）:man-made 10.regulate（有系统的管理）：control systematically 11.precisely（精确的）：exactly 12.unwanted（不需要的）：undesired 13.extraneous（没有关联的）：irrelevant 14.paionate（热烈的）：having intense feeling 15.life（生活，生存）：living things collectively，in general；plants，animals，people 16.ecology（生态学）：the pattern of relations between plants，animals，people and their environment.17.evolution（演变，进展）：development of more complicated forms of life, from earlier and simpler forms 18.environment（环境）:all the surrounding conditions which influence growth and development 19.mankind（人类）：Homo sapiens 20.earthquake（地震）：a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface 21.ocean（海洋）：the great ma of salt water that covers 71% of the Earth 22.planet（行星）：a large body in space that moves around a star 23.cancer（癌症）：diseased growth in the body or spreading evil in a person or in society 24.inanimate（无生命的）：lifele，not living 25.cell（细胞）：a very small division of living matter enclosing a nucleus with self-reproducing genes 26.plant（植物）：a living thing that has leaves and roots， and grow usually in soil 27.intricate（复杂的）：containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand 28.approximately（大约，近似的）：nearly correct but not exactly 29.versatile（多才多艺的）：having many different kinds of kills or abilities 30.isolated（单独的，分离的）：standing apart, separate as is to be alone 31.reverse（相反的）：the opposite in position;the other way around 32.interdependent（相互依赖的）：depending on each other;neceary to each other 33.multiply（乘，增加，繁殖）：increase in number by giving birth to offspring 34.qualify（有资格）：provide with proper or neceary skills, knowledge etc 35.spontaneously（自发的，自然的）：as a result from a natural impulse or tendency 36.universe（宇宙）：all the known or imagined objects, matter, and events throughout space
37.particle（颗粒，质点，极小量）：one of the extremely small, most basic components of matter 38.element（元素，成分）：one of a cla of substances that cannot be chemically separated into simpler substances 39.organism（有机体，生物体）：any individual life form thought of as a single unit 40.straightforward（坦率的，明确的）：direct or unambiguous 41.challenge（挑战，怀疑）：demand or question whether(sth.or sb.)is correct, proper, or qualified 42.irregular（不规则的，不合法的）：not following the more normal or usual pattern of formation 43.inhabit（栖息，居住于）：live in(a place), as people or animals do 44.microscope（显微镜）：an instrument having a magnifying lens, used for viewing objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye 45.behavior（行为，态度）：the action of any material under given circumstances 46.immune（免疫）：not responsive to or affected by something 47.salt（盐）：a white, crystal-like compound, sodium chloride, used for seasoning and preserving food 48.community（社区，团体）：a group of people living together by shared interests, religion, etc 49.convert（转换）：change into something of different form or properties 50.ecstasy（狂喜）：a state of very strong feel, esp.of joy and happine 51.replace（代替）：take the place of 52.intractable（棘手的，难治的）：not easily managed;hard to treat, relieve, or cure 53.inhale（吸入）：breathe in 54.scent（气味）:fragrance 55.beam（堆满笑容）：smile happily 56.solid（固体，结实的）：heavy 57.suspicious（可疑的）：unbelieving 58.steady（稳固的）：regular 59.accomplishment（成就）：succe 60.impreionable（敏感的，易受影响的）：easily noticeable 61.entropy（熵，热力学函数）：a measure of the disorder in a system 62.disorder（混乱，扰乱）：lack of order, confusion 63.property（性质）：a quality, power, or effect that belongs naturally to something 64.energy（能量）：the capacity or power for vigorous activity 65.rot（腐烂，堕落）：decay naturally 66.deteriorate（恶化）：（cause to）become worse 67.decay（衰退）：（cause to）go through destructive chemical changes or go bad 68.wear out（磨损，耗尽）：（cause to）be reduced to nothing or to a usele state by use 69.transform（改变，转化）：change completely in form, appearance, or nature 70.coincide（同时发生）：happen at the same time or during the same period of time 71.accident（事故）：something unpleasant, undesirable, or damaging, that happens unexpectedly or by chance 72.break down（发生故障）：（of machinery）fail to work 73.futility（徒劳）：uselene;usele action or thing 74.one-way（单程的）：moving or allowing movement in only one direction
75.unnerve（失去勇气）：take away the courage or power to act 76.unscramble（整理，译出密码）：put back into order so as to be understood 77.chaotic（混乱的）：in a state of complete disorder and confusion;confused 78.haphazardne（偶然的）：in a state marked by lake of plan, order, or direction 79.catch（圈套，陷阱）：any tricky or concealed problem or drawback 80.smog（烟雾）：smoke or other gases that pollute, combined with fog in an unhealthy or irritating mixture 81.flute（长笛）：a pipelike wooden or metal musical instrument with finger holes 82.depreing（压抑的，令人沮丧的）：causing gloomine or a lowering of spirit 83.nil（无，零）：nothing, zero 84.random（随意的，胡乱的）：made or done aimlely, without any plan 85.distre（悲痛，贫困）：cause great suffering of the mind or body 86.institution（公共机构，习俗）：an organization, a habit, custom, etc., which has been in existence for a long time 87.congregate（聚集）：（cause to）gather together 88.fortune（财富）：wealth, a great amount of money, poeions, etc.89.aets（资产，财产）：the total resources of a person or busine 90.company（公司）：a number of persons united for joint action, esp.for busine 91.profit（利润）： money gained, as from a busine or transaction, after deducting all relevant costs 92.millionaire（百万富翁）：one whose wealth amounts to more than a million in currency 93.software（软件）：programs for directing the computer or proceing electronic data 94.hardware（硬件）：the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices making up a computer system 95.substantial（大量的）：of large, ample, or considerable amount, quantity, etc 96.information（信息）：computer data at any stage of proceing, such as input, output, storage, or transmiion 97.browser（浏览器）：a tool that allows you to move easily from one website to another, and see the contents of each site 98.remarkable（卓越的，非凡的）：very notable or obviously unusual;noteworthy 99.legacy（遗产）：anything handed down from the past, as if from an ancestor 100.boom（繁荣，兴旺）:a rapid increase in sales, worth, profits, etc.101.hybrid（杂种，混血儿）：the offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, or species 102.executive（经理，执行者）:a person or group having administrate or supervisory authority in an organization or government 103.returns（回报，收益）:profit or gain, such as from work 104.unparalleled（无双的，无比的）:not equal or matched;unique 105.bring out（出版，生产）：accomplish, cause 106.stillborn（死胎的）：ineffective or usele from the beginning 107.strategy（战略，策略）:the science of planning and directing military operations 108.subsequent（后来的）:occurring after;succeeding 109.glimpse（一瞥）：glance 110.doom（世界末日）:end of the world
111.envy（嫉妒，羡慕）:admire 112.depreed（沮丧，萧条）:sad and hopele 113.misery（痛苦，不幸）:suffering 114.suicide（自杀）:killing oneself 115.destiny（命定）:an important job 116.brutal（野蛮的，残忍的）:cruel 117.aement（评定，估价）:judgement 118.hire（雇佣）：employ 119.reveal（揭露，透露）:make know 120.hopele（绝望的）:desperate 121.beating（战胜，打败）:winning constantly（不断地，时常地）:repeatedly
翻译
Unit 1 The poibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand.In cyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed —intellectual property, content and acce control, rules about privacy and free speech.Some communities will allow anyone in;others will restrict acce to members who qualify on one basis or another.Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper(and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities).Those that can’t survive — either because people lose interest or get scared off — will simply wither away.一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。
Unit 2 Once the problem is understood, improvement comes naturally.Women who feel abandoned and deprived when their husbands won’t listen to or report daily news may be happy to discover their husbands trying to adapt once they understand the place of small talk in women’s relationships.But if their husbands don’t adapt, the women may still be comforted that for men, this is not a failure of intimacy.Accepting the difference, the wives may look to their friends or family for that kind of talk.And husbands who can’t provide it shouldn’t feel their wives have made unreasonable demands.Some couples will still decide to divorce, but at least their decisions will be based on realistic expectations.一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴地发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。
Unit 3 1.When it first came into being, the Earth very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere.在形成初期，地球上很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。2.Between 2 billon and 3billion years ago, portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the Sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to qualify as what we call“life”.在20亿到30亿年前期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。
3.The entire planet is a life form made up of nonliving portions and a large variety of living portions(as our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood, as well as of a large variety of living portions).整个星球是一种无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式（正如我们自己身体那样，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水分所构成）。
4.In the same way, on a planetary scale, the chopping down of an entire forest may not threaten Earth’s life in general, but it will produce serious changes in the life forms of the region and even in the nature of the water runoff and, therefore, in the details of geological structure.同样，从全地球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林不会在总体上对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形成造成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，因此引起地质结构的细微变化。
5.Barring interference from outside, the eaters and the eaten retain their proper numbers, and both are the better for it.如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处。
6.The present rate of increase of Earth’s swarming human population qualifies Homo sapiens as an ecological cancer, which will destroy the ecology just as surely as any ordinary cancer would destroy an organism.目前世界人口的急剧增长率是人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。Unit 4 The flow of novelties in vocabulary, in idiom, even in pronunciation is now overwhelmingly eastward.We seldom borrow an English word or phrase any more, though we used to borrow many;but the English take in our inventions almost as fast as we can launch them.The American movie, I suppose, is largely responsible for this change, but there are unquestionably deeper causes too.English is still a bit tight, a bit stiff, more than a little artificial.But American has gone on developing with almost Elizabethan prodigality.All the procees of word-formation that were in operation in Shakespeare’s England are still in operation here, and they produce a steady stream of neologisms that he would have relished as joyfully as he relished the novelties actually produced in his time.新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。在18世纪，英语遭到严格控制，从此就几乎没有从控制中解脱出来。英语任然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。但美语逃脱了那场严格控制，免受此后学校教师清规戒律的影响，因此美语的发展像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断地产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样。
Unit 5 1.The goal of science is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of things —from subnuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole.科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。
2.Every culture has posed such questions in one way or another.Almost always the proposed answers are in the nature of“Just So Stories”, attempted explanations divorced from experiment, or even from careful comparative observations.世界上每一文化群体都以这样
或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质，这些尝试性的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没有细心的比较观察。
3.To penetrate into the heart of the thing —even a little thing, a blade of gra, as Walt Whitman said —is to experience a kind of exhilaration that, it may be, only human beings of all the beings on this planet can feel.要透彻地领悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的东西——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。
4.And sometimes we hear pronouncements from scientists who confidently state that everything worth knowing will soon be known —or even is already known —and who paint pictures of a Dionysian or Polynesian age in which the zest for intellectual discovery has withered, to be replaced by a kind of subdued languor, the lotus-eaters drinking fermented coconut milk or some other mild hallucinogen.有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满信心地宣布，每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经减退，取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。
5.If we could shrink ourselves into this crystalline world, we could see rank upon rank of atoms in an ordered array, a regularly alternating structure —sodium, chlorine, sodium chlorine, specifying the sheet of atoms we are standing on and all the sheets above us and below us.如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵精确地勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。
Unit 8 1.The first wave involved tangible products —“hardware”, as opposed to the computer programs that constitute software.In the 1960s and 1970s companies in the Santa Clara Valley, between San Jose and San Francisco, produced silicon memory chips for computers —thus the name Silicon Valley.第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯片，于是便有了“硅谷”的名字。
2.The second wave of wealth creation involved software —“application”software that people use for work or recreation, like word-proceing programs or computer games, and“systems”software used to run businees or, very often, computer networks themselves.财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就像文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类，以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自身运行的“系统”软件。3.But both the hardware and the software revolutions were, in their wealth-creating effects, slow to emerge compared to what is underway now because of the Internet.Le than ten years ago, Tim Berners-Lee, a British physicist working at the research center CERN in Geneva, invented a scheme for linking data on a particular subject, or series of subjects, that were stored on different computers in different places.但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种方案，用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。4.The online auction site e-Bay is also profitable, because it charges a commiion each time buyers and sellers conclude a deal on its site.But most of today’s Internet companies have
substantial short-term loes, which stock market investors typically aume will turn into profits in some never-quite-arriving“Year Three”of the busine plan.e-Bay网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都有向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失，证劵市场投资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。
5.Thin as these rationales for profitability may ultimately prove to be, so far they’re been sufficient to make many people very rich.Virtually all of this wialth consists of tech-company stock, and en years from now some or much of it may have melted away.尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为止，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。
Unit 9 We are quick to blame such tragedies on others —peer preure, streful occupations, drug dealers, everyone except ourselves.But most of these problems begin at home, when children are being brought up.It is hard for me to admit this, but I failed to nurture in Patrick the self-esteem he needed to deal with life.No matter how well he did, he felt that he had failed.He used drugs because they allowed him to escape that feeling.When we come to understand and accept this aspect of addiction, maybe we can do something about it.我们很容易把这样的悲剧归罪于他人——同行的竞争压力、紧张的职业、毒贩子，以及除了我们自己以外的所有其他人。但是这类问题多数起源于家庭，也就是在我们把孩子抚养成人的时候，承认这一点对我来说很不容易，我没有能够在帕特里克身上培养面对生活所需要的自尊。无论他做得多么好，他都觉得自己失败了。他吸毒，因为毒品能使他摆脱这种失败感。当我们明白并且接受这一原因时，也许我们会为解决这个问题做点什么。Unit 10 Though he knows that he has traveled it a thousand times, he cannot recognize a feature in it, but it is as strange to him as if it were a road in Siberia.By night, of course, the perplexity is infinitely greater.In our most trivial walks, we are constantly, though unconsciously, steering like pilots by certain well-known beacons and headlands.Not till we are lost, in other words, not till we have lost the world, do we begin to find ourselves, and realize where we are.虽然（这条路）他知道自己走过上千次，可就是辨认不出这里的任何特征。这条路对他来说陌生的就好像是在西伯利亚。到了夜晚情况就更加复杂了。我们平常闲逛时，总是像飞行员那样（尽管是不自觉地），凭借熟知的信号塔或海角来调整方向。我们只有在完全迷失道理时，才体会到大自然的广袤与奇特。知道我们迷失道路，换句话说，知道我们失却外物，才开始找回自己，才会认识到自己的位置。
122.
