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20071411020 刘芳
A Man Never Defeated Abstract:
The Old Man and the Sea is a very brief, simple story of an old Cuban man named Santiago.In order to catch a big fish to prove himself, he sails far into the gulf waters, and go through an ordeal at sea.He fights against the marlin, and the sharks with great courange and determination;because in his opinion, a man can be destroyed but not defeated.During his solitary ordeal at sea, Santiago proves himself with his independence, perseverance, bravery and tenacity.Though he comes back to shore with only a skeleton of the marlin and his wound and fatigue, he knows that he is not defeated.The skeleton of the marlin is the proof of his heroic deed.During the novella, Hemingway deliberately descripes about Santiago’s dreams, experiences in his life in the form of his recalls and also his friendship with a boy named Manolin, which contribute to Santiago’s personal qualities of stoicism and persistance and not being defeated.Key Words: Santiago tenacity recalls dreams boy
The Old Man and the Sea is a very brief and simple story of an old Cuban fisherman named Santiago.He is very poor and he leads a solitary life after his wife died.Though all of his poeions consist of little more than the clothes he wears and a skiff, the readers can not ignore that he is really rich in his spiritual world.Endued with determination, perseverance, and stoicism by Ernest Hemingway, Santiago makes a strong impreion on all the readers.The Old Man and the Sea is famous for one sentence,〝A man can be destroyed but not defeated.〞, which said by Santiago during the solitary days at sea.When he tries to kill the marlin, and fights agaist the sharks, he tells himself constantly he cannot be defeated, thus he bears all the pain with great perseverance.In the author’s opinion, Santiago is very confident, brave and tough.His life, his experience, and the relationship between him and the Manolin are important to him.To a great extent, they play the role of the key factors for Santiago to be confident, tough and not defeated.Ⅰ.Santiago’s life and his characteristics contribute him to be a hero The solitary life of this character engenders both the readers sympathy and admiration.Santiago’s
20071411020 刘芳
defeated.Thus during this soliterary ordeal, Santiago shows his awe-inspiring courage.He warns himself not to be weak and frail.He can not give up or retreat because of the pain, discomfort and danger.The reason why he can hold on is also that he has aspiration to win and to prove himself.His pride stirs him, and his confidence supports him not to be defeated.In many reader’s opinion, Santiago is a tragic hero for his tragic outcome.Santiago comes back with only the skeleton of the marlin and nothing more than the wound and the fatigue.But for the author’s part, Santiago is succeful in his inside.The skeleton of the marlin is the proof of his fight, and also the proof of his ability and bravery.Though he has no harvest at all, he proves his strength and endurance that because he is not defeated during the war with the marlin and the sharks.During the solitary days at sea, he relies upon no one and nothing to control the discomfort and pain.He faces the ordeal bravely and he exhibits great endurance, which is praiseworthy.From Santiago’s experience at sea, we can see he poees macho quality.He shows us the grace under preure.Ⅱ.Santiago’s recalls and dreams give him strength and belief of not being defeated.During his lonely ordeal at sea, he deliberately recalls the former strength of his hands, proven in the arm wrestling match he had won against an opponent who is reported to be the strongest man in the area, and from this match, he knows that persistence can help a man to win.Thus this belief brings him faith to persist in forbearing the pain and fighting during the ordeal.Santiago also brings to mind Joe DiMaggio, who, despite adversity, prevailed as a legendary baseball payer.His heroic event inspires Santiago, for Santiago thinks he must be worthy of the great DiMaggio who does all things perfectly even with the pain of the bone spur in his heel.Santiago admires and emulates him, thus he ignores the pain in his hands and back caused by the lines.He treats the pain as nothing but an affront he must defeat, for pain does not matter to a man in his opinion.All these prove that Santiago has bravery and strong willpower and he cannot be easy to defeated.Thanks to his experiences in his life, he gains strength, which help him to hold on and challenge the nature.During the novella, Hemingway also deliberately describes Santiago’s dreams about lions for several times.Santiago sleeps and has recurring dreams, one of which is about a pride of lions playing on an Africa shore, a sight he had seen as a young man.The image of lions symbolizes undisputedly the physical strength and ferocity.In Santiago’s mind, he hopes that he gains strength, which he had when he was young, to conquer the force of marlin, sharks and even the nature.The dreams about lions
20071411020 刘芳
also the limitations imposed by his age, his infirmities, and his solitude.When he tries to kill the marlin and fight against sharks, he repeats one sentence, “I wish I had the boy.”.Maybe to him, the more mention of the boy is a kind of support and strength.Therefor, his frequent invoking thoughts of the abscent boy fortifies Santiago for his arduous task by motivating him to remain a worthy master.In an important way, Manolin’s and Santiago’s roles have been reversed, for it is Manolin who inspires Santiago’ s strength.From the analyses about Santiago’s positive traits and the reasons why he can be stoical and not defeated, a safe conclusion could be drawn that Santiago’s life, experiences and Manolin really make a big difference to him.During the novella, Hemingway just uses the simple words and uncomplicated sentences to convey his profound conception.His writing style, named by the critics as 〝iceberg theory〞, can be described with two words, namely 〝clarity〞and 〝economy〞.It suggests that the writer should leave unsaid the vast majority of what might be written on a subject.The reader, presented with only the tip of the iceberg, is left to infer the magnitude of events and emotions beneath the surface.During the novella The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway deliberately describes Santiago’s actions and surroundings directly, without any psychological and emotional decriptions or detailed analyses.In the same way, Hemingway describes Santiago’s life, experiences, and his relationship with Manolin directly and frankly, containing any elaborate descriptive words or sentences.It seems that these elements are minor to the characterization of the protagonist of this novella, on the contrary, the are the neceary parts to make the image of Santiago complete.To a great extent, the frank description of Santiago’s life, dreams, recalls, and Manolin make the readers a more strong impreion of Santiago’s heroic image.For half a century, readers have enjoyede The Old Man and the Sea.Its sentences are uncomplicated in their direct conveying of information.Hemingway describes a story on a simple man in unadorned surroudings, a man who exemplifies the 〝grace under preure〞and the almost stoical struggle against overwhelming odds.As Hemigway 〝code hero〞, Santiago inspires the readers not to be defeated when facing the difficulties.Ernest Hemingway succefully created a character with a strong mind and tenacity quality.Santiago is the real hero that never can be defeated in every reader’s mind.
