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外宣办深化文化体制改革情况发布会
2010年8月19日，中央外宣办召开新闻发布会，请中央文化体制改革工作领导小组办公室主任、中宣部副部长孙志军和中央文化体制改革工作领导小组办公室副主任，文化部副部长欧阳坚、广电总局副局长赵实、新闻出版总署副署长蒋建国介绍深化文化体制改革的有关情况，并答记者问。
文化体制改革基本情况
General information on the reform of cultural system 今年以来，中央就深化文化体制改革和加强文化建设提出一系列新思想新观点新论断，特别是在7月23日中央政治局“深化我国文化体制改革研究”专题集体学习时，胡锦涛总书记发表重要讲话，充分肯定了党的十六大以来文化建设和文化体制改革取得的成绩，全面分析了文化建设面临的形势，深刻阐述了深化文化体制改革的重大意义，进一步明确了深入推进文化体制改革必须坚持的指导思想，提出了必须抓紧抓好的重点工作。各地区各部门认真贯彻中央决策部署，积极推进文化体制改革，大力发展文化事业和文化产业，开创了中国特色社会主义文化建设新局面。
In 2010, the central authorities have put forward a series of new thoughts, views and theses on deepening the reform of cultural system and strengthening the building of culture.In particular, Hu Jintao, the general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC), delivered an important speech on July 23 at CPC Central Committee's group study on “Deepening the Research on the Reform of China's Cultural System.” He fully affirmed the achievements in the building of culture and the reform of cultural system since the 16th National Congre of the CPC, fully analyzed the situations faced by the building of culture, deeply expounded the significance of the deepening of the reform of cultural system, further defined the guiding theory that should be followed in the deepening of the reform of cultural system, and brought forth key tasks that need attention and efforts.Every region and department has implemented the decisions and plans of the central authorities in earnest, actively advanced the reform of cultural system, vigorously developed cultural causes and industry, and opened a new focus toward building a socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.改革开放以来，宣传文化领域适应社会主义市场经济发展要求，积极开展体制机制改革的探索。党的十六大深刻分析国内外形势的变化和特点，作出了深化文化体制改革的战略部署。党的十七大从兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮、推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的战略高度，对进一步深化改革提出了新的要求。文化体制改革按照区别对待、分类指导、循序渐进、逐步推开的方针，紧紧围绕重塑市场主体、完善市场体系、改善宏观管理、转变政府职能4个关键环节，积极推进体制机制创新，逐步建立和完善社会主义市场经济条件下加快文化发展的体制机制，营造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的良好环境，主要经历了三个发展阶段：
Since the launch of reform and opening up, to adapt to the needs of the development of a socialist market economy, the publicity and culture sectors have actively explored the reform of system and mechanism.The 16th National Congre of the CPC profoundly analyzed the changes and features of the situations in China and abroad and made the strategic decision to deepen the reform of cultural system.The 17th National Congre of the CPC, from the perspective of creating a new upsurge in the building of socialist culture and facilitating great development and prosperity of socialist culture, put forward new requirements for the deepening of reform.The reform of cultural system has, under the guidelines of differential treatment, categorized guidance, gradual advance and popularizing, closely centering on the four key points of reshaping market players, optimizing market systems, improving macro-management and transforming administrative functions, actively promoted system innovations, gradually established and optimized the system and mechanism to speed up the development of culture in the socialist market economy and build an environment that leads to the emergence of excellent works, talents and profit.It has witneed three phrases: 一是“开展试点、积极探索”阶段，从2003年6月到2005年12月。中央召开文化体制改革试点工作会议，确定北京等9个文化体制改革综合性试点地区和35个试点单位开展试点工作。
Phrase 1: “pilot reform and active exploration”(June 2003-December 2005): the central authorities held the meeting on the work of pilot reform of cultural system, finalizing nine regions, which include Beijing for the comprehensive pilot reform of cultural system.An additional 35 units were also selected for the pilot reform.二是“扩大试点、由点到面”阶段，从2005年12月到2009年8月。明确了深化改革的指导思想、方针原则、总体目标和主要任务，要求北京等综合性试点地区率先将改革全面推开；除新疆、西藏以外的其他省区市，都要确定本地的改革试点地区和单位，并将改革在本省区市逐步推开。
Phrase 2: “expansion of pilot reform”(December 2005-August 2009): the guiding theory, guidelines and principles, overall objectives and main tasks for the deepening of the reform were defined;Beijing and other pilot regions were asked to first carry out the reform in a thorough manner;all other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Tibet and Xinjiang should finalize their areas and units for the pilot reform and gradually spread the reform in areas under their jurisdiction.三是“加快推进、全面展开”阶段，从2009年8月至今。全面推开出版、发行、电影、文化市场管理等领域改革，2012年以前基本完成中央已确定的文化体制改革各项任务。Phase 3: “accelerating the advance and fully expanding”(August 2009-present): the reform in sectors including publishing, distribution, film and culture-market administration have been carried out in a thorough manner and all tasks of the reform of cultural system decided by the central authorities must be finished by 2012.几年来,文化体制改革总体把握平稳、进展顺利、态势健康、成效良好,极大地解放和发展了文化生产力，调动了广大文化工作者的积极性创造性，促进了文化事业和文化产业的蓬勃发展。
In the past several years, the reform of cultural system, generally, has been handled steadily;hence it has progreed smoothly, showed a healthy trend and produced good results.It has liberated and developed cultural productivity, aroused the enthusiasm and initiative of numerous culture workers, and boosted the development of the cultural cause and industry.一是大力推进经营性文化单位转企改制，国有文化单位的发展活力和市场竞争力显著增强。把转企改制作为中心环节，推进大批国有经营性文化单位转制为合格市场主体。全国除盲文、少数民族语言等出版社保留事业性质外，其余出版社都已完成或正在进行转企改制。除部分少数民族地区新华书店外，97％的新华书店已完成转企。今年年底前，出版发行业经营性单位转企工作将全面完成。全国电影制片厂已转企改制，省、地两级电影公司和电影院转企正在积极推进。转企改制试点文艺院团已超过200家。通过转企改制，国有文化单位市场主体缺失，竞争力不强的状况得到有力扭转，迸发出强大生机和活力。
First, vigorously advancing for-profit cultural units' transformation into enterprises and strengthening of development vitality and market competivene of state-owned culture units.With transformation into enterprises as the core task, a large number of state-owned for-profit cultural units are being changed into qualified market players.Publishing houses around the country, except a small number of them like the Braille and ethnic minority languages prees, have finished or are undergoing the transformation.Excluding a few exceptions in some ethnic minority areas, 97 percent of Xinhua bookstores have become enterprises.The transformation into enterprises for all for-profit units in the publishing and distribution sector must finish by the end of this year.All the film studios in the country have become enterprises;cinemas and cinema companies at provincial and prefectural levels are being transformed into enterprises.Over 200 troupes have undergone pilot transformations.Through transformation into enterprises, state-owned culture units' lack of market player identity and competitivene has been effectively fulfilled and as a result, a powerful vitality and vigor have burst among them.二是探索创新公共文化服务运行机制，公共文化服务质量和水平明显提高。广播电视村村通、乡镇和社区综合文化站、文化信息资源共享、农村电影放映、农家书屋建设等五大重点文化惠民工程都如期或提前完成了“十一五”建设预定目标，覆盖城乡的公共文化服务网络初步形成。公益性文化事业单位内部人事、收入分配等制度改革不断深化，初步实现由养机构、养人员向鼓励干事业、做实事转变，管理水平和服务效率显著提高。推动公共博物馆、纪念馆、图书馆等向社会免费开放，公共文化机构公益服务功能充分发挥。推动各种文化设施互联互通、共建共享，创新服务方式，服务领域进一步拓宽。
Second, researching and creating new operational mechanisms for public cultural services and the significant improvement of the quality and level of public cultural services.Targets set in the “11th Five-Year Plan” for the five major popular cultural projects, namely, “Radio and TV for Every Village,” “Multifunctional Cultural Centers in Towns, Townships and Communities,” “Sharing of Cultural Information Resources,” “Rural Film Projection” and “Rural Reading Rooms,” have been met in time or in advance, which means a public cultural network covering both urban and rural areas has been set up.Reform of personnel, income and other systems in nonprofit public cultural institutions has been gradually deepened and the practice of simply sponsoring institutions and employees has been initially changed to encourage them to be enterprising and practical.Management and efficiency of services of these institutions have improved significantly.Public museums, memorials and libraries have been opened free to the public, and the nonprofit service functions of public cultural institutions have been brought into full play.Various cultural facilities have been encouraged to crolink, jointly build and share resources to invent new services and expand fields of service.三是培育骨干文化企业，文化产业结构不断优化、规模和效益不断提升。把转企改制与结构调整结合起来，推动文化企业跨地区、跨媒体、跨行业、跨所有制的兼并重组、整合资源，推动文化企业上市融资，培育骨干文化企业和战略投资者，涌现出江苏凤凰出版传媒集团公司等一批总资产和总收入超过或接近“双百亿”的骨干企业，文化领域长期存在的“小、散、滥”问题得到有效解决，产业集中度和集约化经营水平明显提高。加快科技与文化产业的结合，新兴文化业态不断涌现、产业升级不断加速。积极引导和鼓励社会资本投资政策许可的文化产业领域，一批民营文化企业充满活力。2004年到2008年，全国文化产业增加值年均增长速度为22％，2008年文化产业增加值为7630亿元，占同期国内生产总值的2.43％。新闻出版业产值2009年突破1万亿元，持续较快发展。
Third, fostering cultural enterprises and the consistent optimization of the cultural industry's structure through steadily increasing sizes and profits.Transformation into enterprises has been combined with structural adjustments, and cultural enterprises have been prompted to merge, regroup and reorganize their resources.Media and industries will be required to do their own financing, to foster the backbone of cultural enterprises and strategic investors.A number of backbone enterprises like the Jiangsu Phoenix Publishing & Media Group Co., Ltd., with total aets and annual income of around 20 billion yuan, have emerged.The problem of small size, loose distribution and low quality of cultural units, which long pestered the industry, has been effectively solved, and the industrial concentration and level of operational intensification have improved significantly.With the accelerating combination of science and technology within the cultural industry, new situations keep emerging and the industry is upgrading faster.As a result of the vigorous introduction and encouragement of non-state capital into the cultural sectors, which are permitted by policies, a number of private cultural enterprises have become full of vitality.From 2004 to 2008, the added value of national cultural industry grew by 22 percent annually on average.In 2008, the added value of the cultural industry topped 763 billion yuan, or 2.43 percent of GDP.In 2009, the output value of the pre and publication industry exceeded one trillion yuan and is continuing to develop rapidly.四是加快构建统一开放、竞争有序的现代文化市场体系，文化市场呈现持续健康发展的良好局面。积极发展现代文化产品流通组织形式，形成了一批大型的出版物发行、广电网络传输、电影发行放映企业，打破了地区封锁、条块分割、城乡分离的市场格局。加快培育文化要素市场，10多个省市设立了文化产业投资基金或投资公司，上海、深圳分别成立文化产权交易所。各类文化产品市场日益繁荣，出版图书由2003年的19万种增加到2009年的30.2万种；电影和电视剧年生产量已分别居世界第三和第一位；电影票房连续5年保持30％以上增幅，国产电影票房连续7年超过进口影片，其中《建国大业》达到4.5亿，《唐山大地震》目前已近6亿；影视动画年产量达到17万分钟，是2003年的13倍；全国有线电视用户达到1.75亿户。
Fourth, accelerating the establishment of a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern cultural market system, and the steady and healthy development of the cultural market.A number of large enterprises for publication distribution, radio and TV network transmiion and film distribution and projection came into being as a result of the vigorous development of modern organizational methods for the circulation of cultural products, which broke a market structure featuring barriers between the regions and different departments and separation between urban and rural areas.With the accelerating expansion of the cultural element market, over 10 provinces and municipalities set up investment funds or companies for cultural industry, and intellectual property exchanges were established in Shanghai and Shenzhen.The cultural market is flourishing with an abundance of a variety of products: book titles published increased from 190,000 in 2003 to 302,000 in 2009;outputs of films and TV dramas now rank third and first in the world respectively;national box office grew by over 30 percent annually for five consecutive years with the box office revenue of “The Great Cause of China's Foundation” and “Aftershock” reaching 450 million and nearly 600 million yuan respectively.Ticket office of domestically made films has exceeded that of imported ones for seven consecutive years.The annual output of animations now stands at 170,000 minutes, which is 13 times of 2003, and the number of cable TV subscribers has reached 175 million.五是稳步推进文化市场综合执法改革和政府职能转变，文化宏观管理进一步加强。积极深化文化行政管理体制改革，推进政企、政资、政事、政府与市场中介组织分开和管办分离。新闻出版和广电系统行政管理部门已基本实现“局社分开”、“局台分开”。深入推进文化市场综合执法改革，目前，全国4个直辖市的全部区县、50.5％的副省级和地级市已组建综合执法机构；55.3％的副省级和地级市实现了文化、广电、新闻出版三局合并，建立了统一的行政责任主体，执法效率和依法行政能力明显提高。
Fifth, steady advancing of reform of comprehensive law enforcement within the cultural market, and the transformation of government functions and the further strengthening of the macro-management of culture.The reform of the cultural administrative system has been actively deepened as the administration and enterprises, aets, and public institutions, the government and intermediate organizations of market, as well as supervision and practice are being separated.Separation is seen between governing bureaus and publishing houses, magazines and newspapers as well as between governing bureaus and radio and TV stations respectively for the administrative departments of pre and publication and radio and TV sectors.The deepening of the reform of comprehensive law enforcement within the cultural market has yielded the establishment of comprehensive law enforcement organs in all the districts and counties in the four municipalities and in 50.5 percent of the deputy provincial and prefecture-level cities;in 55.3 percent of the deputy provincial and prefecture-level cities, the culture, radio and TV and pre and publication bureaus have merged to establish a unified body with administrative responsibilities, and as a result, the efficiency of law enforcement and the capability of administering the law have improved.六是努力创新文化“走出去”模式，中华文化的影响力不断扩大。在继续推动政府间的文化交流的同时，积极探索市场化、商业化、产业化的运作方式，以企业为主体推动更多的文化产品走出去，参与国际文化市场竞争，文化产品和服务进出口逆差不断缩小。核心文化产品出口由2003年的56.22亿美元增加到2009年的104亿美元，图书版权进出口比例由2003年的9：1下降为3.3：1；第六届中国（深圳）国际文化产业博览交易会出口交易额达到114.06亿元。
Sixth, striving to create ways for culture export and the continuing increase of the influence of Chinese culture.Besides the continuous promotion of cultural exchanges between governments, ways to realize marketization, commercialization and industrialization have been sought.With enterprises as the main force, more cultural products have been promoted to other countries and regions to participate in the competition at the international cultural market;the trade deficit of cultural products and services has kept shrinking.Exports of core cultural products has risen from $5.622 billion in 2003 to $10.4 billion in 2009;the proportion between imports and exports of copyrighted books has fallen from 9:1 in 2003 to 3.3:1;export turnovers at the 6th China(Shenzhen)International Cultural Industries Fair reached 11.406 billion yuan.从近年来文化改革发展的实践及所取得的成效看，中央关于深化文化体制改革的决策部署是完全正确的，文化发展的宏观体制环境不断优化，文化发展的全新格局初步形成，文化企事业单位的活力显著增强，文化创作和文化市场空前繁荣，全社会参与文化建设的积极性日益高涨，推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的氛围日益浓厚。
As it is seen from the practices and achievements of the reform and development of cultural industry, the central authorities' decisions and plans as regards the deepening of the reform of cultural system are absolutely correct.The macro-mechanism environment for the development of culture has been continuously optimized, a brand-new situation for the development of culture has taken shape, the vitality of cultural enterprises and public institutions has been significantly enhanced, cultural creations and markets have seen an unprecedented prosperity, the enthusiasm of the entire society for taking part in cultural construction has been increasingly rising, and the phenomenon for facilitating great development and prosperity of socialist culture has been ever growing.下一步，我们将认真贯彻落实中央的决策部署，以发展为主题，以体制机制创新为重点，以满足人民群众精神文化需求为出发点和落脚点，着力构建充满活力、富有效率、更加开放、有利于文化科学发展的体制机制，繁荣发展社会主义文化，不断增强我国文化软实力和国际竞争力。重点要抓好四项工作，概括起来，就是要做到“三个加快，一个加强”： Next, we will implement the decisions and plans of the central authorities in earnest, with development as the theme, with innovations of system and mechanism as the emphasis, while satisfying the spiritual and cultural needs of the people as the starting point and the foothold, to exert ourselves to construct a system and mechanism that is full of vitality, efficiency, openne and beneficial to the development of culture and science, to develop the socialist culture, make it flourish, and to continuously enhance the cultural and soft power and international competivene of China.We will concentrate on the four aspects as follows: 一是加快文化体制机制改革创新。按照创新体制、转换机制、面向市场、增强活力的要求，加快经营性文化单位转企改制，稳步推进公益性文化事业单位改革，鼓励和支持非公有制资本以多种形式进入政策许可的文化产业领域，努力构建现代文化市场体系，加快推进文化管理体制改革，推动文化体制改革在重点领域取得进展。
First, accelerate innovations in the reform of cultural system and mechanism.In accordance to the requirements of innovating the system, transforming the mechanism, facing the market and increasing vitality, for-profit cultural units' transformation into enterprises should be sped up, reform of nonprofit cultural units should be steadily advanced, non-state capital should be encouraged and supported to enter cultural sectors which are permitted by policies in various ways, the modern cultural market system should be set up, and the reform of the cultural administrative system should be accelerated to prompt the reform of cultural system to make headway in key fields.二是加快构建公共文化服务体系。按照体现公益性、基本性、均等性、便利性的要求，坚持政府主导，加大投入力度，调整资源配置，推进重点文化惠民工程，加强公共文化基础设施建设，促进基本公共文化服务均等化。引导社会资金以多种方式投入文化公益事业，促进公共文化服务多元化、社会化。
Second, accelerate the establishment of the system of public cultural services.In accordance with the requirements of being nonprofit, basic, equal and convenient, with government as the leading force, more resources should be invested and redistributed to promote executing key cultural projects benefiting the people, strengthen the construction of public cultural infrastructure and promote the equalization of basic public cultural services.Non-state capital should be guided to invest in non-profit pubic causes in various ways to promote the diversification and socialization of pubic cultural services.三是加快发展文化产业。实施重大文化产业项目带动战略，加大文化产业结构调整和资源整合力度，推进文化和科技融合，鼓励和引导文化企业面向资本市场融资，积极开拓国际文化市场，不断提高我国文化产业规模化、集约化、专业化水平，不断增强中华文化的国际竞争力和影响力。
Third, accelerate the development of cultural industry.The drive of key cultural industry projects should be implemented to strengthen the adjustment of structure and integration of resources for the cultural industry, promote the fusion of culture and science and technology, encourage and guide cultural enterprises to finance toward the capital market, vigorously open up the international cultural market, continue to improve the level of scale, intensification and profeionalism of the Chinese cultural industry and continue to enhance international competivene and the influence of Chinese culture.四是加强对文化产品创作生产的引导。坚持“二为”方向和“双百”方针，坚持“三贴近”，推出更多深受群众喜爱、思想性艺术性观赏性相统一的精品力作。引导广大文化工作者和文化单位自觉践行社会主义核心价值体系，始终把社会效益放在首位，努力实现社会效益和经济效益有机统一，任何时候都不能以牺牲社会效益为代价换取经济利益。
Fourth, strengthen the guidance of the creation and production of cultural products.Adhering to the directive “serve the people, serve socialism,” the policy of “letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend” and the principles of “adherence to reality, adherence to living and adherence to the maes,” more excellent works with a unification of proper ideological and artistic content and appreciation of the people should be produced.The vast number of cultural workers and units should be guided to consciously follow the system of core socialist values, always putting pubic interest first and strive to achieve the intrinsic unity of public interest and economic interest and to never sacrifice public interest for economic interest.
