07《英语口译》Ex民族与宗教由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“民族与宗教试题及答案”。
《英语口译》 Ex.－民族与宗教 1 〔汉译英-1〕
在中华人民共和国成立以前,中国究竟有多少少数民族,并不清楚.。//中华人民共和国成立后,为了全面贯彻实行民族平等政策，从1953年起,国家组织了大规模的民族识别考察，辨别民族成分和民族名称。
识别考察从中国的历史和现实情况出发，按照科学认定与本民族意愿相结合的原则，只要具有构成单一民族条件的，不管其社会发展水平如何，不论其居住区域大小和人口多少，都认定为一个民族。
经过认真的调查研究，到1954年，中国政府确认了38个民族；到1964年，中国政府又确认了15个民族。加上1965年确认的珞巴族，1979年确认的基诺族，全国55个少数民族都被正式确认并公布。
新中国的民族识别工作使许多不被旧中国的统治者承认的少数民族获得了应有的承认，并与中国其他民族一样享有平等的权利。
〔汉译英-2〕
中国是一个有着多种宗教的国家，主要有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教、基督教等。
中国少数民族群众大多有宗教信仰，有的民族群众性的信仰某种宗教，如藏族群众信仰藏传佛教。
中国政府根据《中华人民共和国宪法》关于公民有宗教信仰自由的规定，指定了具体政策，尊重和保护少数民族的宗教信仰自由，保障少数民族公民一切正常的宗教活动。
目前，中国有清真寺3万多座。在新疆有清真寺2300座。在西藏、藏传佛教各类宗教活动场所有1700多处。
〔汉译英-3〕
自从大约公元前200年秦始皇建立了统一的中央集权国家以来，中国的各民族就一直生活在一个统一的国家里。民族和谐、国家统一一直是中国历史的主流。1949年中华人民共和国成立以来，废除了旧的民族压迫制度，制定了一系列新的民族政策，也就是民族平等、民族团结、民族区域自治和各民族共同发展、繁荣的政策。
中国各民族都保留了各自的民族特色，最突出的民族特色是语言。宪法规定各民族都有使用并发展自己的语言文字的自由；在少数民族地区工作的汉族干部要学习当地少数民族语言。宪法还规定各民族都有保留或改革她们的风俗习惯的自由。
〔英译汉〕
Islam was introduced to China(in 651)during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty.During the Tang and Song dynasties, Arab and Persian merchants who believed in Islam came to China either over land or by sea.Some of those Muslims eventually married Chinese women of the Han ethnic group and settled down in China.Their descendants became Chinese Muslims.Today Chinese Muslims total about 17 million, most of whom live in northwestern China.〔参考译文－汉译英-1〕
Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it had never been made clear how many ethnic minorities there were in China.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, to implement the policy of equality among ethnic groups in an all-round way the state has organized large-scale investigations since 1953 to identify the ethnic groups.Proceeding from conditions both past and present and in accordance with the principle so combination of scientific identification and the wishes of the given ethic group, every group which accords with the conditions for ethic group is identified as a single ethnic group, regardle of its level of social development and the sizes of its inhabited area and population.By 1954, the Chinese government had identified 38 ethnic groups in all, after careful investigation and study.By 1964, the Chinese government had identified another 15 ethic groups.With the addition of the Lhoba ethnic group, identified in 1965, and the Jino ethnic group, identified in 1979, there are 55 ethnic minority groups which have been formally recognized and made known to the public.Now, in New China many ethnic minority groups which had not been recognized by the rulers of old China have been recognized as they should, and they all enjoy equal rights with other ethnic groups in China.〔参考译文－汉译英-2〕
China is home to many religions, mainly Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Christianity.Most people belonging to ethnic minorities in China hold religious beliefs.In certain ethnic groups religions are followed on a ma scale, for instance the Tibetans have Tibetan Buddhism as their traditional religion.In accordance with the Constitution’s provisions on freedom of religious belief of citizens, the Chinese government has formulated specific policies to ensure respect for and safeguard freedom of religious belief for ethnic minorities and guarantee all normal religious activities of ethnic minorities citizens.To date, there are more than 30,000 mosques in China, of which 23,000 are in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.In Tibet there are over 1,700 places for Tibetan-Buddhism activities.〔参考译文－汉译英-3〕
Ever since some 200 years B.C.when Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor, founded the centralized, unified state, China’s various ethnic groups have lived together as a single nation.National solidarity and unification of the country have been the mainstream in China’s history.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the old system of ethnic oppreion has been abolished and a series of policies on ethnic groups has been formulated.These policies are: equality of all peoples(ethnic groups), national unity, regional ethnic autonomy, and mutual development and prosperity for all peoples(ethnic groups).The peoples(ethnic groups)in China have all retained their special characteristics.The most outstanding feature is the language.The Constitution provided that all people(ethnic groups)are free to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and government employees of the Han ethnic group(people)working in minority areas are urged to learn the local minority language.The Constitution also stipulates that all ethnic groups(peoples)enjoy the freedom to preserve or reform their customs and habits.〔参考译文－英译汉〕
伊斯兰教在唐高宗年间（651年）传入中国。唐宋时期，信仰伊斯兰教的阿拉伯和波斯商人从陆路或海路来到中国。这些穆斯林中的一些人最终娶了汉族妇女为妻，并在中国定居下来。他们的后代就成了中国穆斯林。今天，中国的伊斯兰教信徒总数约达1700万，大部分居住在中国西北部。
Islam:
MuslimsBuddhists Christian→mosque → temple → church Buddhism: Christianity:
Judaism:Jews→ synagogue
中国伊斯兰/佛/道教协会the Islamic / Buddhist / Taoist Aociation of China
中国基督教协会the Christian Council of China
“三自”原则
喇嘛教
天主教
新教
宗教仪式
神学
有神论
无神论
泛神论
教义
念经
念佛
烧香Lamaism Catholicism Protestantism religious rites / rituals theology theism atheism pantheism doctrine to recite /chant scriptures to pray to Buddha to burn jo-stick(s)/ incense the “Three-Self” principle, i.e.self-administration, self-support and self-propagation
公民有信仰宗教和不信仰宗教、宣传无神论的自由。Citizens enjoy the freedom to believe in or not believe in religion and the freedom to propagate atheism.宗教团体和宗教事务不受外国势力的支配。Religious bodies and religious affairs are not subject to any foreign domination.摆脱邪教的精神桎梏to get rid of the spiritual shackles from the cult
各民族不论人口多少，经济社会发展程度高低，风俗习惯和宗教信仰异同，都是中华民族的一部分，具有同等的地位。Regardle of the population size, the level of economic and social development, the difference of folkways, customs and religious beliefs, each ethnic group is a par of the Chinese nation, having equal status.坚持民族平等、民族团结、民族区域自治，所有民族共同发展、繁荣 to adhere to equality of all ethnic communities, national unity, regional ethnic autonomy, joint development and shared prosperity for all ethnic groups
