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1、丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至罗马。
The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.2、上个月中国服务产业有了较快增长，这加快了国家经济增长。根据北京国家统计局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中 国物流与采购联合会(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的 数据，非制造业釆购经理人指数(the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers“ Index)二月份的时候从54.5上升到55.6，而摩根斯坦利亚太指数(the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes)从 52.1上升到54.3，达到5月以来的最高水平。
The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nation’s economy growth.According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May.3、中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相对 富裕的。然而，约50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管中国只 有10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。数百万农村居民仍然依靠体 力劳动或役畜(draft animal)耕作。两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。
China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs and economic levels.The economic landscape is particularly diverse.The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are modem and comparatively wealthy.However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of China’s land is arable.Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labour or draft animals.Some 200 to 300 million former peasants have23?migrated to townships and cities in search of work.Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much le developed.4、中国旅游研究院(China Tourism Academy)表示，大陆游客(mainland tourist)在海外旅游上花费了 420亿美元。同时，海外游客(overseas tourists)只花了 380亿美元在中国大陆，同比下降7%。虽 然2009的官方统计数据还没有公布，研究院估计2009年的旅游赤字将是4亿——中国
旅游业首次赤字。
China Tourism Academy, said that mainland tourists spent some $42 billion in overseas destinations.At the same time，overseas tourists spent only $38 billion on the mainland, down by 7 percent year-on-year.Though official statistics for 2009 are yet to be released, the academy estimated that the tourism deficit will stand at $4 billion in 2009 —the first ever tourism deficit in China.5、几个世纪以来，中国在自然中寻求灵感和自知之明(self-knowledge)。因此，在中国园林中引发自然世界。由于城市土地一直昂贵，中国城市的园林相对都比较小，但是每一个中国园林都致力于岩石、植物、水看起来比它实际上要更好，因为中国的园林设计 师用巧妙的方式带领游客从一个独特的有利视角(vantage point)到另有利视角。
For centuries, the Chinese have sought inspiration and self-knowledge in nature.Hence, the gardens in China evoke the natural world.Because land has always been expensive in cities，urban China gardens are relatively small, but the space of every Chinese garden devoted to rocks，plants and water seems much greater than it actually is because of the clever ways in which Chinese garden designers lead the visitor from one unique vantage point to another.6、孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》(Journey to the West)中 的一个主要的人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)第一个徒弟。其实在中国，他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，这是教他72变的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“启迪”。“空”的意思是“无”，这是佛学(Buddhism)中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中，人必须放弃欲望和所有对财富、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。
Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese claic literature masterpiece “Journey to the West”.He is the first disciple of Tang Monk.Actually in Chinese，his most popular name is not “Monkey King” but “Sun Wukong，，which was given by his first Master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities.“Wu” means enlightening.“Kong” means emptine，which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism.In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments including the attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.7、在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants)居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治(autonomous)家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们的姓氏都是一样的。
In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system.This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society.Chinese children follow their father’s family name.This is the same as western culture.Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother’s family name.Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.8、中医(Chinese medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医学更好的治病方法。因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在越来越流行了。中医起源于古代，已经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。这是说，一旦人的身体系统
平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源。
Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones.China medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its effect and its way to heal people.Originated from the ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illne.The traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance the body system of people.It is said that once the system of people is in balance, the illne will disappear.The damage of the body system is the source of disease.9、剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在 春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地 很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors，windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.10、为消费者提供所需是每一个企业成功的关键。为此，企业需要 为如何吸引并留住客户制定计划。影响这种计划的因素很多，比如 客户关系、广告、声誉、定价、性价比(value for money)以及售后服务等。除此之外，一个企业还需要高效、经济、安全地运营，因为 这些方面是与客户和雇员直接相关的。
Providing what the customer requires is the key to any succeful busine.To do this, a busine needs to have a plan for attracting, and keeping，their customers.There are several factors involved in developing a workable plan, such as, customer relations, advertising, reputation，pricing，value for money and after sales service.On top of that, businees need to be run, efficiently, economically and safely because all these aspects relate to both their customers and their employees.11、尽管音乐对每个人来说，都再熟悉不过了，但是几乎每个人对 这门艺术都有自己的观点看法。什么音乐算是好的音乐，这是见仁见智的。各个音乐风格都有自己的经典音乐作品流行的并不完全等 于经典的。一个好的音乐作品，是创作者(creator)和演奏者(performer)双方共同努力的结果，二者相辅相成，缺一不可。
While music is familiar to virtually everyone it is an art, about which everyone has an opinion.What defines “great” music is, very much, a personal iue.There is “great” music in every style but what is popular does not always define the quality.Music is a joint effort between the creator and the performer and one cannot exist without the other.12、尽管图书的种类多种多样，但从本质上说，它们都可以被分为两大类,即纪实题材(fact)与小说题材。有时二者之间很难辨别，因为许多小说都是围绕着(mixed)现实事件和真实人物来进行创作的。纪实题材的书籍包括:历史书，教科书，旅行手记，手册指南(manual)和自传(autobiography)
等。
There are many, many different types of books but, eentially, fliey come in two categories, fact or fiction.Sometimes it is hard to distinguish between the two, because some fiction stories are mixed around true event and refer to real life people.The types of books that are included in the factual category are history books, text books, travel books, manuals and autobiographies.13、在现代社会，交通工具巳经成为了社会健康持续发展的关键因素。但令人遗憾的是，这些交通工具在为我们提供便利的同时，是要我们付出代价的。越是发展现代交通,我们所要付出的代价也越大。如果人类社会按照这个模式发展下去的话，将来就会付出更高的成本，受到的打击也越大。
Transportation in all modem societies has become a critical neceity for the continued well being of the community.Unfortunately, the development of these transportation systems has come at a price，in relation to the convenience they provide.The further society goes down that same path, the more expensive, and damaging, it will become.14、少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfu)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的_种武术(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的，他们的职责是保护寺庙。现在经过1500多年的发展，少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。
Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu.The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.15、洛阳是地处中原的河南省西部一个地级市(prefecture-level city)。它东部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连三门峡(Senxia)，北邻济源。在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人口最多的时候有100万左右，仅次于当时世界上最大的城市——长安。在短暂的五代(Five Dynasties)时期，洛阳是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐(Later Tang)和后晋(Later Jin)的首都，后来，北宋(the North Song Dynasty)时期，洛阳是西部首都，也是宋朝的建立人赵匡胤的出生地。
Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China.It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the north.During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu(东都),the “Eastern Capital' and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest city in the world.During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin.During the North Song Dynasty,?Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.
