提高初中学生的英语阅读理解能力的策略分析由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“初中英语阅读策略分析”。
提高初中学生的英语阅读理解能力的策略分析
【摘要】长期以来,在我国的英语教学中,学生阅读能力的培养一直是英语教学的重点。培养初中学生的阅读能力是初中英语教学最重要的任务之一,也是学好英语的关键。而要提高英语阅读理解能力,首先应该充分认识影响初中生英语理解能力的障碍及解决措施;其次,要帮助学生掌握科学的阅读方法和阅读技巧。这样才能有效的提高英语学习水平。
【关键词】阅读障碍;阅读方法;解决措施
【中图分类号】G623.23 【文献标识码】B【文章编号】2095-3089(2012)09-0255-011影响农村初中学生阅读理解的障碍及解决措施
1.1语言基础知识对阅读理解的影响。阅读第一关是词汇量,掌握足够的词汇是理解文章的关键。我们应帮助学生找到合适的记忆方法来减轻他们的学习负担,提高学习效率。扩大词汇量的方法有许多种,在此列举如下:
1.1.1注重学习与积累。词汇的积累是一个循序渐进的过程,每学期初确定一个目标,除牢固掌握课文中的单词,还要记忆一定量的课外阅读材料中的单词,每月归纳,积少成多。
1.1.2掌握构词法,构词法能够帮助学习者扩大词汇量,而且有助于记忆,要利用词根、词缀或在词根上加前缀或后缀是一种很重要的构词方法,因此有必要掌握一些常见的前缀、后缀。像un-,dis-和in-常表示“不”、“否定”、“与„„相反”,如:unhanppy,disappear,informal。前缀改变词义,而后缀一般不改变词义,只改变词性。单词词尾加上-ment,-er，-tion就由动词变成了相应的名词。词尾加上-al,-ful,-tic等就由名词变成了相应的形容,如natural, cheerful等等。
1.1.3联想对比法。通过对比法(同类词、同义词、近义词等方式)来扩大记忆,掌握词汇。在学习一个新单词时,可一并学习与之相关的同类词,也可以用同义词组来增加词汇量。英语中许多词组都有一个相同的意思,学一个词组的同时,记几个同义词组。同时注意总结以前学过的意思与之相近的单词。这些都是很有效的记单词的方法。
1.2文化背景知识对阅读理解的影响和对策。英语是不同的文化范畴,没有足够的文化背景知识,势必影响阅读理解能力的提高。因此平时要注重培养学生文化背景意识,要多注意涉及英美等英语国家的文字和视听材料,多了解美英等国的历史、文化、经济、风土、人情等背景材料,增强对外国文化特征的适应性及认同感,以便于在阅读时对文段中有关人物态度、情感、思想意义及作者意图等作出正确理解。
2提高阅读理解能力的方法与策略
培养学生的阅读理解方法与技巧是提高阅读理解能力的关键。阅读文章时,还要注意下述方法与技巧:
2.1学会找文章的中心思想和主题句,抓关键词。在阅读任何一篇文章时,要学会抓住它的中心思想。文章的标题往往集中或概括全篇文章的中心思想。因此,在阅读任何一篇文章之前有必要细心分析一下它的标题。按照标题给我们提供的思路开始我们的阅读活动。在整个阅读过程中要有意识地、不断地思考文章的中心思想是通过哪几个词、短语、句子或段落表现它的中心思想。实际上,文章的第一段的第一句话或最后一句话往往告诉或暗示给我们它就是全篇文章的中心思想。段落中的其它句子则是围绕着这个主题句所表达的思想来进行说明、解释或扩展的。
一般地说,主题句常出现在段首,有时也出现在段尾,个别则贯穿在全文中。因此,抓准主题句,可掌握主题思想,了解具体细节,便可回答很多有针对性的问题。文章的关键词能反映文中的主要事实和特定细节,多半是名词、动词或其它重要的修饰词。
2.2良好的阅读习惯。如果没有良好的阅读习惯,很难在有限的时间内很好地完成阅读理解题目。阅读速度的快慢是阅读能力高低的重要标志。在提高正确率的前提下,要加快阅读速度,必须培养良好的阅读习惯,讲究阅读技巧。
2.2.1养成默读习惯。学生在阅读时,要养成默读习惯,把注意力只停留在文字符号上,避免嘴唇的嚅动或低声朗读,以免分散注意力,减慢阅读速度。
2.2.2扩大视幅,减少回视。很多学生往往用手指点着逐词阅读,有时还来回数次往返阅读,唯恐遗漏什么,影响了阅读速度和连贯理解。为提高阅读效率,要培养学生从整个句子去理解,迅速地从前一个句子扫视到第二个句子,以避免频频回视、重读等不良现象。
2.2.3限定阅读时间。在规定时间内要求学生有效地获取信息,加快阅读节奏,增加紧迫感,从而为提高阅读速度奠定良好的基础。可以在不同的教学阶级准备适当的材料让不同层次的学生在规定时间内完成一套阅读训练题。阅读材料较易,内容又较熟悉时可以快速阅读;对于阅读难度中等的材料时可以采取中速阅读法,即一般正常速度阅读;对于那些较难的阅读材料,就要透彻的精读,这样可以牢固记忆阅读到的信息。
总之,在英语阅读教学中教师要不断深入对英语阅读理解相关理论的学习和研究。同时要在教学实际中寻找更多、更具体的影响学生阅读理解的因素,以便在阅读中排除歧义,作出正确的判断和推理。提高英语阅读理解能力,特别是农村初中学生的阅读理解能力,是一个长期的、艰巨的工程,也是一个值得广大教师不断研究的课题。
To improve the analysis ability to understand English Reading Strategies of junior middle school students
[Abstract] for a long time, English Teaching in China, the students' reading ability has always been the focus of English teaching.The cultivation of students' reading ability is one of the most important tasks in middle school English teaching, the key is to learn English well.To improve the ability of English reading comprehension, we should fully understand the impact of junior high school students English comprehension obstacles and countermeasures;second, to help students master the scientific method of reading and reading skills.This can effectively improve the level of English language learning.[keyword] reading;reading method;measures
[of] G623.23 [document code] B [] article number 2095-3089(2012)09-0255-01Effect of rural junior high school students' reading comprehension obstacles and Solutions
Effects of 1.1 basic language knowledge in reading comprehension.Reading is the first hurdle to vocabulary, have enough vocabulary is the key to understand the.We should help the students to find suitable memory method to lighten their burden of study, improve the learning efficiency.Enlarge the vocabulary there are many kinds of methods, which are listed as follows:
1.1.1 pay attention to learning and accumulation.Accumulation of vocabulary is a gradual proce, at the beginning of each year to determine a goal, in addition to firmly grasp the word in the text, reading materials, but also a certain amount of memory in the word, the monthly summary, many a little make a mickle.1.1.2 control of word formation, word formation can help learners to expand their vocabulary, but also helps to memory, using the roots, affixes or prefix or suffix to the root is a very important word formation, so it is neceary to master some common prefix, suffix.Like un-, dis-and in-http:///
often said “no”, “Negation”, “and......Instead, such as ”: unhanppy, disappear, informal.The prefix and suffix change the meaning, generally does not change the meaning, just change the part of speech.Words ending with-ment,-er,-tion, by the verbs into the corresponding noun.Ending with-al,-ful,-tic etc.by noun into the corresponding adjective, such as natural, cheerful etc..1.1.3 Lenovo contrast method.Through the contrast method(synonyms, synonyms, synonyms and so on)to expand the memory, vocabulary.In learning a new word, but also learn related similar words, can also use the synonym to increase vocabulary.Many of the English phrases have the same meaning, learn a phrase at the same time, learn a few synonym.At the same time, pay attention to summing up the previously learnt the meaning and similar words.This is a very effective method of memorizing words.1.2 effect of cultural background knowledge in reading comprehension and countermeasures.English is the different cultures, there is not enough knowledge of cultural background, is bound to affect the reading comprehension ability.Therefore, in peacetime to pay attention to the cultivation of students cultural awarene, pay more attention to Britain and other English-speaking countries of text and audio-visual materials, to know more about the United States history, culture, economy, culture, human and other background materials, enhance the adaptability and recognition of foreign cultural characteristics, in order to facilitate reading the paage about people attitude, emotion, ideological significance and intention of the author to make correct understanding.methods to improve reading comprehension ability and strategy
Training and skills of reading comprehension for students is the key to improve the ability of reading comprehension.Read the article, but also pay attention to the following methods and skills:
2.1 learn to find the main idea of the article and topic sentences, to grasp the key words.In reading a article, must learn to hold its central ideas.The central idea of the article title or the summary of the whole article tends to concentrate.Therefore, before reading any article is neceary to carefully analyze its title.In accordance with the title provides us with a way to start our reading activities.To consciously, constantly thinking about the central idea of the article is through which a few words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs showed its central ideas in the whole proce of reading.In fact, the first section of the first sentence or the last sentence tells us it is that the central idea of the article.Other sentence in the paragraph is the topic sentence expreion thought to explain, or extended.Generally speaking, the topic sentence often appeared in the period of song, sometimes also appeared in the period of Wei, paes through the full text of the individual.Therefore, grasp the topic sentence, can grasp the theme, specific details, can answer many questions.The keywords can reflect the main facts of the specific details, mostly nouns, verbs or other important modifiers.2.2 good reading habits.If there is no good reading habits, it is difficult in the limited time to
finish the reading comprehension questions.Reading speed is an important indicator of reading ability.In order to improve the correct rate, to accelerate the speed of reading, to cultivate good reading habits, pay attention to the reading skills.2.2.1 form the habit of reading.Students in reading, must form the habit of reading, focus only on the text symbols, avoid lips moved or whispered aloud, so as to avoid distraction, slow reading speed.2.2.2 expands the range of vision, reduce the back view.Many students often point to a word-by-word reading, sometimes several times and read, for fear of miing something, affect the reading speed and coherent interpretation.In order to improve the efficiency of reading, to cultivate the students to understand the whole sentence, a sentence quickly before saccade to second sentences, in order to avoid frequently look back, stre and other undesirable phenomena.2.2.3 limited reading time.Within the specified time to require students to effectively byhttp:///
