作文常见问题[推荐]_写作常见问题

作文常见问题[推荐]由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“写作常见问题”。

作文评分标准（以15分满分为例）2分：条理不清，思维紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多为严重错误； 5分：基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重的语言错误；

8分：基本切题，表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误；

11分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误；

14分：切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

选词要准确、具体及多样化；句子要合乎语法规范，句子的表达应正确、简洁及灵活多样；段落要中心突出；内容要统一、连贯、完整。

一、词汇问题

由于基本词汇量极为有限，很难表达清楚自己的观点；而有部分考生，有一定的词汇量，却依然无法过写作“词汇关”，主要有以下几大问题：

1.拼写错误

如把though写成through；把mental写成metal；把colleague写成 college；把explanation误拼成 explaination等。

2.用词不当

例一：Then we can have a wider choose。(choose是动词，这里应为名词choice)

例二：They insist on post-graduate study is very important for them。(应改为They insist that post-graduate study is very important for them。)

例三：In the past，the price of meat was so expensive that most families could not afford it。(应改为In the past，the price of meat was so high that most families could not afford it。)

3.词组搭配错误

词语的搭配是英语学习中的一项重要内容，要正确地认识和使用词语，就必须在词语与词语的联合上多下功夫。

例：Therefore，we shall attach great importance about this question。(attach great importance about 应为 attach great importance to)Attach importance to„

More, added

固定修饰搭配：“假的”

假牙 false teeth;假钱 counterfeit money;假货

fake product;假花 artificial flower 动宾搭配 “恢复“ Regain/ restore one’s health（恢复健康）Resume talk（恢复谈话）Return to normal（恢复正常）Regain composure（恢复冷静）

4.不合英语习惯用法

例：We all hope him to get the first prize.英语习惯用法：hope to do sth, 或 hope+ that 从句结构，不说hope sb.to do sth.二、基本语法问题 句法错误最为普遍。1.时态、语态错误 2.垂悬结构错误 3.不平行结构错误 例如： 误：We can get to the train station either by bus or taking a taxi.正：we can get to the train station either by bus or by taxi.4．主谓不一致

5.转换不当

误：The teacher left the claroom after the lecture was finished.正：The teacher left the claroom after he finished the lecture.此外还有，无法保持时态在全文的一致，这一现象很普遍，往往是紧接的两句，在没有任何时间状语的情况之下，就出现了时态的不一致；作文中常犯的语法错误除了时态错误，还包括冠词错误、名词和动词单复数错误、句子主谓不完整。

三、缺乏逻辑性

例如：作文题为“A Campaign Speech”，为竞选学生会主席而进行演讲。有考生通篇都在传达这样的信息：如果我能当选学生会主席，就能提高我的组织能力、思维能力、沟通能力等等。这显然体现了考生缺乏逻辑性，设想你是一名学生，会选一个只想着利用这个机会来提高自己的人作学生会主席吗？

四、中式思维

chinglish

例如：写到“食堂的菜单字太小，看不清”：The work of the menu is too small to see it clearly。这显然是囿于中式思维的框框，准确而地道的说法应为The print on the menu is too small to read.四级作文常见句法错误

不完整句/句子片段(Incomplete Sentences / Sentence Fragments)1）从属连词

If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend.Her father will start flicking the porch light.Then he will come out with a flashlight.If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking the porch light.Then he will come out with a flashlight.另一种方法是将不完整句中的从属连词去掉，然后重新改写整个句子：

Kim takes too long saying good-bye to herboyfriend and her father starts flicking the porch light.Then he comes out with a flashlight.2）ing结构和 to结构 My phone doesn't ring.Instead, a light on it blinks.The reason for this being that I am partially deaf.To get to the bus station from here.You have to walk two blocks out of your way.The sidewalk is torn up because of construction work.可以将不完整的成分与主句合并在一起：To get to thebus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of your way.The sidewalk is torn up because ofconstruction work.可以给不完整的部分增加主语并将动词从-ing形式变为正确的形式，如果错误的部分有主语，只是动词被错用为非谓语动词形式，即动词的分词形式和不定式形式，那么只要将它变为谓语动词的形式：My phone doesn't ring.Instead, a light on it blinks.The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.3）增加细节时，通常容易出错的词和短语有：also, especially, except, for example, like, including,such as等。Before a race, I eat starchy foods.Such as bread and spaghetti.Bob is taking a night course in auto mechanics.Also, one in plumbing.Mike keeps several pets in his room.Including a snake and a spider.这些句子中用such as, also, including等，原本是想作进一步或者补充说明的，但是这些词和短语所引导的只是一些名词性短语，不能独立成为句子。

可将不完整的成分直接与前面的主句粘合在一起：Beforea race, I eat starchy foods such as bread and spaghetti.给不完整的成分加上主语和谓语动词使之完整：Bob is taking a night course in auto mechanics.Also, he is taking one in plumbing.或将这一不完整的成分插入之前的句子中：Mike keeps several pets, including a snake and a spider, in his room.词或短语后面跟的成分本身是完整的句子，就可以用句号与前后的句子连接：Mike has ever kept different kinds of pets.For example, last year he had a snake.4）缺失主语

Most people love getting birthday presents.But hate writing thank-you notes.可以直接将缺失主语的不完整成分和前面完整的句子粘合在一起：Most people love getting birthday presents but hate writing thank-you notes.或将缺失的主语补上：Most people love getting birthday presents.But they hate writing thank you notes.串句（Comma Splices）

1)在英语中，当一套主谓结构已完整时，必须用句号、分号、感叹号或问号来与后面的句子相连接，绝不能用逗号。

例如“今天下午我没课，有个讲座，我就去听了。”英语的表述为“This afternoon I didn't have any cla;there was a lecture, so I attended it.”其中，有三个完整的主谓结构，以分号和逗号加并列连词来断开，若全部只用逗号就成为串句了。

错误例句：I stared at the dark blue sky with stars shining like diamonds, I felt the breeze softly kiing my cheek and I heard the pigeons flying back home.问题也在于逗号被用来断开两个完整的句子。建议改为：I stared at the dark blue sky with stars shining like diamonds, felt the breeze softly kiing my cheek, and heard the pigeons flying back home.I dread going to parties, however, my husband loves meeting new people.这个句子中出现了一个词however，过渡词也称为连接性副词，最常见的有however, instead, therefore，neverthele，meanwhile，otherwise，indeed，also，moreover，furthermore，thus，consequently以及几个用法相同的词组如on the other hand, in addition, as a result等等，通常它们的用法是在其前用分号在其后用逗号。

因此以上错句可以改为: I dread going to parties;however, my husband loves meeting new people.2)另一种形式的串句Fused Sentences就是在两个完整的句子之间根本没有用任何标点符号来连接，完全熔合在一起，因此也称为熔合句(Fused Sentences)如：Mario told everyone in the room to be quiet his favorite show was on.这个句子可以改为：Mario told everyone in the room to be quiet, for his favorite show was on.串句的修改方法

1)用逗号断开两个完整的句子但是要用一个并列或从属连词来连接；

2)用一个句号或分号将两个完整的句子断开；

During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world, several other falls are higher than Victoria.→1)During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world, but / although several other falls are higher than Victoria.→2)During the rainy season more water flows over Victoria Falls than over any other falls in the world.Several other falls are higher than Victoria.四级英语写作中垂悬结构现象

所谓垂悬结构是指非谓语动词短语和介词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，否则构成一种语病，称为垂悬结构或非附着结构(unattached structure)。这是大学生英语写作中常见的错误现象之一，严重影响对文章完整意思的准确理解。

1、垂悬结构不定式。To make friends，honesty is important.句中不定式短语To make friends 的主语应该是人，而主句的主语是honesty，两者不一致，构成了垂悬结构。改正方法：（1）将不定式短语改成相应的状语从句：

If one wants to make friends，honesty is important.（2）对主句做必要改动，使句子的主语与不定式短语的逻辑主语一致：

To make friends，one must be honest.（3）给不定式短语加上自己的逻辑主语： For one to make friends, honesty is important.2、垂悬结构分词。Spreading to the left，he jumped down from the armchair.根据此句话的意思，分词短语的隐含逻辑主语应该是the fire，而句子的主语是he，两者不一致，构成了垂悬结构。改正方法：（1）给分词短语带上一个自己的逻辑主语，使之成为一个独立主格结构: The fire spreading to the left，he jumped down from the armchair.（2）将分词短语改成相应的状语从句： As/ When the fire spread to the left, he jumped down from the armchair.3、垂悬结构动名词。In running down the stairs，the clock struck twelve.根据此句话的意思，句中“介词+动名词”这种介词词组在句中作状语，动名词短语running down the stairs 的逻辑主语应该是人，而句子的主语是the clock，两者不一致，构成了垂悬结构。改正方法：（1）对主句做必要改动，使句子的主语与动名词短语的逻辑主语一致： In running down the stairs，I heard the clock struck twelve.（2）给动名词短语加上自己的逻辑主语：In my running down the stairs, the clock struck twelve.4、垂悬结构介词短语。A t the age of ten，my father began to teach me Japanese.根据句子的正常意思，应该是我10岁的时候，而不是父亲10 岁的时候，故at the age of ten 的逻辑主语应该是I，而主句的主语是my father，构成了垂悬结构。需将介词短语改成相应的状语从句，可更正为：When I was ten years old，my father began to teach me Japanese.