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名词复数加s与es规则
1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glaes, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.
4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.
6)不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.7)某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena.(um/on→a)analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es)
8)复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework. 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student women students.
其它复合名词变复数:grownup→grownups, brotherinlaw→brothersinlaw, standby→standsby.
9)复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:a sixyearold boy,a twohundredpage book 10)以ch结尾的名词变复数是加es还是加s,是由ch的发音决定的.10.1 stomach(胃),matriarch(女家长,女族长),monarch(君主),czech(捷克人)这几个词的复数形式是stomachs,matriarchs,monarchs,czechs,其复数形式都是直接加s,其中-ch都是读作/k/ 10.2 当ch发音为/t/、/d3/时,复数应在词尾加es,e.g.:benches /bentz/(长凳), branches /‘bra:ntz/(树枝、支部), torches [tɔːtʃz](火炬), sandwiches ['sæn(d)wɪdʒ;-wɪtʃ](三明治)