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Leon 17 Always young 青春常驻
My aunt Jennifer is an actre.She must be at least thirty-five years old.In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.In the play, she must appear in a bright red dre and long black stockings.Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dre.If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!' New words and expreions 生词和短语
appear v.登场，扮演stage n.舞台 bright adj.鲜艳的 stocking n.（女用）长筒袜 sock n.短袜 参考译文
我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！”
1.Always young 青春常驻 1)always [ˈɔ:lweiz] adv.1.at all times;on every occasion总是；每次都是: e.g.她每次都是7:30到。She always arrives at 7:30.她事事都迟到。She‟s always late for everything.我们并不总是这么忙！We‟re not always this busy!2.for a long time;since you can remember一直；一贯
e.g.玛丽一直喜爱园艺。Mary has always loved gardening.我们一直是这样干的。This is the way we‟ve always done it.3.for all future time(将)永远
e.g.我将永远爱你。I‟ll always love you.4.If you say a person is always doing sth.or something is always happening, you mean that they do it, or it happens, very often, and that this is annoying(讨厌地)老是；一再 e.g.她老是批评我。She‟s always criticizing me.那个电话总是响个不停。That phone‟s always ringing.她老是将东西搬来搬去。She was always moving things around.IDM: as always as usually happens or is expected和往常一样；和料想的一样： e.g.杰克和往常一样，上学又迟到了。As always, Jack was late for school.2)young [jʌŋ] adj.(younger [ˈjʌŋɡə], youngest [ˈjʌŋɡist])
1.having lived or existed for only a short time;not fully developed幼小的；未成熟的： e.g.幼小的孩子/动物 young children/animals 新成立的国家/公司 a young country/company 2.not yet old;not as old as others年轻的；岁数不大的；相对年轻的： e.g.年轻人 young people
他们结婚很早。They married young.(=at an early age)他母亲去世得早。His mother died young.3.suitable or appropriate [əˈprəupriit] for young people年轻人的；青年的；适合青年人的： e.g.年轻人的时尚/想法 young fashion/ideas
她穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。The clothes she wears are much too young for her.IDM: 1.not be getting any younger(spoken)used when you are commenting[ˈkɔment] that time is paing and that you, or sb.else, is growing older老了；岁月不饶人
2.young at heart thinking and behaving like a young person even when you are old人老心不老 n.[pl.] 1.(the young)young people considered as a group(统称)年轻人，青年人
2.young animals of a particular type or that belong to a particular mother幼崽；幼兽；幼鸟 youngster [ˈjʌŋstə] n.(informal)a young person or a child年轻人;少年;儿童
e.g.这次活动是为8至14岁的少年儿童安排的。The activity is for youngsters aged 8 to 14.其他的孩子则没有这么幸运。Other youngsters are not so lucky.1935年时我还只是个孩子。I was only a youngster in 1935.youth [ju:θ] n.(pl.youths [ju:ðz])1.[u] the time of life when a person is young, esp.the time before a child becomes an adult青年时期(尤指成年以前)：
e.g.他年轻时很有音乐天赋。He had been a talented musician in his youth.2.[u] the quality or state of being young 青春;朝气;年轻: e.g.这个队如今既经验丰富又充满朝气。
The team is now a good mixture of experience and youth.她在工作中能把朝气和经验结合在一起，这是很难得的。
She brings to the job a rare combination [ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən] of youth and experience.3.(also the youth)[pl.] young people considered as a group(统称)青年，年轻人 e.g.当代青年 the youth of today 青年失业问题 youth unemployment 她对这个国家的青年一代没什么好影响。
She‟s not a very good influence on the youth of this country.youthful ['ju:θfl] adj.1.typical(['tipikəl] adj.典型的；有代表性的)of young people年轻人的；青年的；青春的： e.g.青春的激情/活力 youthful enthusiasm/energy 2.young or seeming younger than you are年轻的；显得年轻的 e.g.她65岁了，但显得非常年轻。She‟s a very youthful 65.adv.youthfully n.[u] youthfulne 2.My aunt Jennifer is an actre.She must be at least thirty-five years old.我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。
1)–e suffix(in nouns 构成名词)female女„；雌„；母„
actre ['æktris] 女演员
actor 男演员 : 以-or，-er结尾，是男性 其他的例如：
waiter 男服务员
waitre ['weɪtrɪs] 女服务员
prince 王子
prince 公主；王妃
god神
godde ['gɔdɪs] 女神
lion 公狮子
lione ['laiənis] ['laiənes]母狮子 host [həust] 主人；东道主
hoste ['həʊstɪs]女主人；女房东
2)least det., pron.(usually the least)smallest in size, amount, degree, etc.最小的；最少的；程度最轻的(little le least;many/much more most)e.g.他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。
He‟s the best teacher, even though he has the least experience.这是我所能帮忙做的最起码的事。It‟s the least I can do to help.(= I feel I should do more)IDM:
1.at the(very)least used after amounts to show that the amount is the lowest poible(用于数量之后)至少；最少
e.g.这至少需要一年时间。It‟ll take a year, at the very least.2.not in the least not at all 一点也不；丝毫不：
e.g.说真的，我一点也不累。Really, I‟m not in the least tired.--“我开电视机你介意吗？” “Do you mind if I put the television on?”
--“不，一点也不介意。” “No, not in the least.” adv.to the smallest degree 最小；最少；微不足道：
e.g.她挑了一家最便宜的旅馆。She chose [tʃəuz] the least expensive of the hotels.IDM: 1.at least
(1)not le than至少；不少于：
e.g.这东西至少要花500美元。It‟ll cost at least 500 dollars.她至少应该有40岁了。She must be at least 40.他从图书馆至少借了5本书。He borrowed at least five books from the library.如果你不能擦车，你至少可以帮我擦。
If you can‟t clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it.(2)used to add a positive comment ['kɔment] about a negative situation.(用于对否定情况补充肯定的评论)起码：
e.g.她虽然迟钝，但起码还很可靠。She may be slow but at least she‟s reliable.(slow adj.迟钝的；笨的；理解力差的 reliable [ri'laiəbl] adj.可信赖的；可依靠的)(3)even if nothing else is true or you do nothing else无论如何；反正：
e.g.你至少可以听一听他说些什么。You could at least listen to what he says.唔，反正他们没有厌烦。Well, at least they weren‟t bored.(4)used to limit or make what you have just said le definite(用以减轻前面所说的话的肯定性)至少 synonym: anyway e.g.他们很少抱怨----至少不在正式场合抱怨。They seldom complained—officially at least.它行，反正我认为它行。It works, at least I think it does.at(the)most not more than 至多；不超过
e.g.那儿最多只有50个人。There were 50 people there, at the very most.She must be fifteen years old.她很可能15岁
She must be at most fifteen years old.她最多15岁 She must be at least fifteen years old.她至少15岁
2.not least(written)especially 特别；尤其
e.g.那部纪录片引起了许多人的反感，它所描写的生活涉及的工人尤其反感。
The documentary caused a lot of bad feeling, not least among the workers whose lives it described.(documentary [,dɔkju'mentəri] n.记录影片；纪实广播(或电视)节目)3)我们已经学过两种年龄表示法。一种是“数字+years old”,作表语： e.g.我父亲现在已57岁了。My father is fifty-seven years old now.另一种是“数字+-year-old”，作定语：
e.g.上周，我4岁的女儿玛丽应邀去参加一个儿童晚会。
Last week, my four-year-old daughter, Mary, was invited to a children‟s party.3.In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。
1)spite [spait] n., v.n.[u] a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset(v.使烦恼；使心烦意乱；使生气)sb.恶意；怨恨 e.g.我相信他只是为了泄愤才那么说的。I‟m sure he only said it out of spite.(out of sth.used to show the reason why sth.is done(表示原因)因为，出于：)IDM: in spite of if you say that sb.did sth.in spite of a fact, you mean it is surprising that that fact did not prevent them from doing it不管；尽管 synonym: despite(prep.)后面可以跟名词、代词或从句：
e.g.尽管下雨，他们还是继续旅行。In spite of the rain, they went on their journey.不管你说她什么，她比玛丽要好得多。
In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary.in spite of yourself if you do sth.in spite of yourself, you do it although you did not intend or expect to 不由自主地：
e.g.他还是不由得睡着了。He fell asleep, in spite of himself.Vt.(only used in the infinitive with to仅用于带to的不定式中)to deliberately annoy or upset sb.故意使烦恼；存心使苦恼
e.g.他们把音乐放得这么响就是存心要搅扰我们。
They‟re playing the music so loud just to spite us.spiteful adj.behaving in an unkind way in order to hurt or upset sb.恶意的；居心不良的；故意使人苦恼的adv.spitefully n.[u] spitefulne 2)this代指上句话，即“她至少也有35岁”这个事实。3)to appear on the stage as a young girl 在舞台上扮演小姑娘 = play the part of a young girl on the stage
= play the role of a young girl on the stage = act the part/role of a young girl on the stage 4)appear [əˈpiə] v.1.[vi] [usually+adv./prep.] to take part in a film/movie, play, television programme, etc.演出: e.g.他在60多部电影中演出过。He has appeared in over 60 movies.她经常在电视上露面。She regularly appears on TV.(regularly ['regjʊləlɪ] adv.1.有规律地；正常地；间隙均匀地2.经常 3.均匀地；匀称地)
下个月他将在百老汇上演的一出新戏中扮演克林顿。
Next month he will be appearing as Clinton in a new play on Broadway.2.linking verb(not used in the progreive tenses不用于进行时)to give the impreion of being or doing sth.显得;似乎;看来 synonym：seem e.g.[v-adj.] 她听到这消息时一点也没有显得吃惊。
She didn‟t appear at all surprised at the news.[v-n] 他看上去完全是个正常的人。He appears a perfectly normal person.(perfectly ['pɜ:fɪktli:] adv.1.完全地；非常；十分 2.完美地；完好地；圆满地 normal adj.正常的；一般的)
[v to inf] 看样子他快四十岁了。He appeared to be in her late thirties.[v(that)] 看来一直有一个差错。It appears there has been a mistake.3.[v] [usually+adv./prep.] to start to be seen 出现；呈现；显现
e.g.一辆公共汽车出现在拐角处。A bus appeared around the corner.地平线上升起了烟雾。Smoke appeared on the horizon.[hə'raizən]
一个女人远远出现在街的尽头。A woman appeared at the far end of the street...昨晚，其中几个犯人出现在房顶上。Last night some of the prisoners appeared on the roof.4.[v] [usually+adv./prep.] to begin to exist or be known or used for the first time起源；出现；首次使用
e.g.地球上的哺乳动物起源于何时？When did mammals appear on the earth?
(mammal ['mæml] n.哺乳动物)
这个问题最初在市区中心出现。This problem first appeared in the inner cities.(inner city n.市中心区(常有社会问题)inner adj.[obn] 里面的；向内的；内部的；接近中心的)5.[v] [usually+adv./prep.] to be punished or broadcast出版；广播
e.g.他的新书将于春季出版。His new book will be appearing in the spring.6.[v] [usually+adv./prep.] to arrive at a place抵达；来到
e.g.到十点钟玛丽仍然没有露面。By ten o‟clock Mary still hadn‟t appeared.7.[v] [usually+adv./prep.] to be written or mentioned somewhere记载；提及 e.g.你的名字将出现在书的前页。Your name will appear at the front of the book.(front n.(the front)前部)appearance [ə'piərəns] n.1.[c, u] the way that sb./sth.looks on the outside;what sb./sth.seems to be外貌；外观；外表 e.g.她从来不怎么注重外貌。She had never been greatly concerned about her appearance.(greatly adv.(formal)(常用于动词或分词前)非常；很；大大地)2.[c, usually sing.] the fact of sb./sth.arriving, esp.when it is not expected(尤指突然的)抵达，到来 e.g.保安人员突然出现，他们丢下钱就跑了。
The sudden appearance of a security guard caused them to drop the money and run.3.[c, usually sing.] the moment at which sth.begins to exist or starts to be seen or used起源；出现；首次使用
4.[c] an act of appearing in public, esp.as a performer, politician [,pɔlə'tiʃən], etc., or in a court [kɔ:t] of law露面；演出；出庭
e.g.这位歌手八岁时初次登台演出。The singer‟s first public appearance was at the age of eight.5.[c, usually sing.] an act of being published or broadcast出版；广播
disappear v.[I] 1.to go out of sight消失，不见e.g.太阳消失在一片云后面。The sun disappeared behind a cloud.2.to stop existing, come to an end不复存在，灭绝，消亡
e.g.这些漂亮的鸟类正在面临灭种。These beautiful birds are fast disappearing.3.To leave or become lost, esp.suddenly or without explanation(突然)离去，失踪；丢失 e.g.警察到达时，那帮歹徒已跑得无影无踪。
By the time the police arrived the gang had disappeared.disappearance n.[c;u] 4)stage [steidʒ] v.[vn]
1.to organize and take part in action that needs careful planning, esp.as a public protest ['prəutest](n.抗议；反对)组织；筹划
e.g.他们决定举行罢工。They decided to stage a strike.2.to organize and present a play or an event for people to see上演；举办；举行 e.g.举行仪式
to stage a ceremony 3.to make sth happen使发生；使出现e.g.今天早些时候，美元出现回升。The dollar staged a recovery earlier today.(recovery [ri'kʌvəri] n.1.[u, c, usually sing.] ~(from sth.)恢复；痊愈 2..[u, c, usually sing.] ~(in sth.)改善；回升；复苏)n.1.[c] a period or state that sth./sb.paes through while developing or making progre(发展或进展的)时期；阶段；状态
e.g.这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。The children are at different stages of development.2.[c] a separate part that a proce, etc.is divided into段；步；步骤
e.g.旅行的第一段我们乘的是火车。We did the first stage of the trip by train.3.[c] a raised area, usually in a theatre, etc.where actors, dancers, etc.perform(多指剧场中的)舞台
e.g.一些女孩在舞台上跳舞。Some girls are dancing on the stage.4.(often the stage)[sing] the theatre and the world of acting as a form of entertainment戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧界
e.g.他父母不想让他当演员。His parents didn‟t want him to go on the stage.(=to be an actor)5.[sing.]an area of activity where important things happen, esp.in politics(政治等活动的)领域；(政治)舞台
e.g.德国在国际政治舞台上起着主导作用。
Germany is playing a leading role on the international stage.IDM: set the stage for sth.to make it poible for sth.to happen;to make sth.likely to happen使某事成为可能；为某事铺平了道路
stage fright n.[u] nervous feelings felt by performers before they appear in front of an audience怯场(演员出场前的紧张不安)(fright n.1.[u] 惊吓；恐怖 2.[c] 恐怖的经历；使人惊吓的经历)stage manager n.the person who is responsible for the stage, lights, scenery ['si:nəri](n.[u] 1.风景；景色；风光 2.舞台布景), etc.during the performance of a play in a theatre 舞台监督 stage name n.a name that an actor uses instead of his or her real name(演员的)艺名 5)as [æz] prep., adv., conj.prep.1.used to describe sb./sth.appearing to be sb./sth.else像；如同
e.g.他们都打扮成小丑。They were all dreed as clowns.(clown [klaun] n.丑角；小丑)2.used to describe the fact that sb./sth.has a particular job or function作为；当作： e.g.要把我当作朋友。Treat me as a friend.你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。You can use that gla as a vase.adv.1.as„as„used when you are comparing two people or things, or two situations(比较时用)像„一样，如同：
e.g.你和你父亲一样高。You‟re as tall as your father.他挣的钱比我少。He doesn‟t earn as much as me.这没有我想象的那么困难。It‟s not as hard as I thought.你尽量快跑。Run as fast as you can.2.used to say that sth.happens in the same way(指事情以同样的方式发生)和„一样 e.g.他和平时一样，少言寡语。As always, he said little.honest中的h与hour中的h一样都不发音。The „h‟ in honest is silent, as in „hour‟.conj.1.while sth.else is happening当„时；随着：e.g.他一直坐着看她准备停当。He sat watching her as she got ready.随着年龄的增长她的信心增强了。As she grew older she gained in confidence.2.in the way in which照„方式：
e.g.他们是按照我的要求做的。They did as I had asked.别去动那些文件。Leave the papers as they are.我就说过吧，她把它丢了。She lost it, just as I said she would.3.used to state the reason for sth.因为；由于：
e.g.你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。As you were out, I left a meage.她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。She may need some help as she‟s new.4.used to make a comment or to add information about what you have just said正如；如同： e.g.你是知道的，玛丽马上要离开了。As you know, Mary is leaving soon.她个子很高，和她母亲一样。She‟s very tall, as is her mother.5.(written)used to say that in spite of sth.being true, what follows is also true尽管；虽然；即使 synonym: though e.g.尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。Happy as they were, there was something miing.他想尽了办法也没能打开门。Try as he might(=however hard he tried), he couldn‟t open the door.IDM: 1.as against sth.in contrast with sth.与„相对照；和„相比较 e.g.这次选举他们得了27%的票，而上次他们得了32%。
They got 27% of the vote([vəut] n.投票, 表决)as against 32% at the last election.2.as for sb./sth.used to start talking about sb./sth.至于；关于 synonym: regarding e.g.至于玛丽，她现在日子过得不错。As for Mary, she‟s doing fine.关于聚会要用的食物，都在置办当中。As for food for the party, that‟s all being taken care of.3.as if/as though in a way that suggests sth.似乎；好像；仿佛 e.g.他表现得若无其事。He behaved as if nothing had happened.听起来你好像过得挺愉快。It sounds as though you had a good time.4.as to sth./as regards sth.used when you are referring to sth.关于；至于：
e.g.至于税款，将从你薪水中扣除。As to tax, that will be deducted from your salary.(deduct [di'dʌkt] vt.[often paive] ~sth.(from sth.)(从总量中)扣除，减去)4.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。5.This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。1)be在这里是“扮演”的意思：
e.g.今晚卡伦.马什扮演海伦。Tonight, Karen Marsh is Helen.2)a girl of seventeen 介词短语后置修饰名词
e.g.一个外表英俊的男子 a man of handsome appearance
一个颜色鲜艳的外套 a coat of bright colour 具有价值的花瓶 a vase of value 6.In the play, she must appear in a bright red dre and long black stockings.演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。
1)in在这句话中表示“穿着”、“戴着”：
e.g.那边那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的邻居。The girl in red over there is my neighbour.约翰今天上午穿的是件黑衣服。John was in a black dre this morning.2)bright [brait] adj.(brighter, brightest)1.full of light;shining strongly光线充足的；明亮的：e.g.明亮的光线 bright light 明媚的阳光 bright sunshine 明亮的屋子 a bright room 她的双眼泪光闪闪。Her eyes were bright with tears.阳光灿烂的早晨 a bright morning(=with the sun shining)2.(of a colour颜色)strong and easy to see鲜艳夺目的：
e.g.我喜欢艳丽的色彩。I like bright colours.鲜黄色的连衣裙 a bright yellow dre 3.cheerful and lively快活而生气勃勃的：(cheerful adj.1.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 2.令人愉快的 lively ['laivli] adj.1.精力充沛的；生气勃勃的；活跃热情的 2.浓的；鲜艳的)e.g.他目光发亮，兴奋不已。His eyes were bright and excited.她对我灿然一笑。She gave me a bright smile.4.intelligent(adj.聪明的；有才智的；悟性强的);quick to learn聪明的；悟性强的 e.g.班里最聪明的学生 the brightest student in the cla
你有何高见？Do you have any bright ideas(=clever ideas)? 5.hopeful;likely to be succeful有希望的；会成功的(hopeful adj.[not ubn](人)抱有希望；满怀希望 2.[obn](人的行为)表现出希望的3.(事物)给人以希望的)e.g.本周的良好开端 a bright start to the week
这位年轻的音乐家前途无量。This young musician [mju:'ziʃn] has a bright future.adv.brightly
e.g.色彩艳丽的花卉展示 a display([dis'plei] n.陈列；展览)of brightly coloured flowers.阳光灿烂。The sun shone brightly.(shine shone [ʃɔn], shone vi.发光；反光；照耀)n.[u] brightne e.g.色彩的明艳美丽会让你大饱眼福。
You'll be impreed with the brightne and the beauty of the colors.IDM: 1.bright and early very early in the morning大清早： e.g.你今天起得很早啊！You‟re up bright and early today!2.a/the bright spot a good or pleasant part of sth.that is unpleasant or bad in all other ways(不幸或逆境中的)可喜部分，闪光点：
e.g.上周的胜利是他们最近十场比赛中唯一振奋人心的一次。
The win last week was the only bright spot in their last ten games.3.look on the bright side to be cheerful or hopeful about a bad situation，for example by thinking only of the advantages and not the disadvantages(对不好的状况)持乐观态度；看光明的一面 adv.bright(brighter, brightest)(literary)(usually with the verbs burn and shine通常与动词burn, shine连用)brightly 光亮地；明亮地：e.g.星光闪烁。The stars were shining bright.brighten v.1.vi.& vt.to become or make sth.lighter or brighter in colour(使)更明亮，色彩鲜艳： 2.vi.& vt.~(sth)(up)to become, feel or look happier;to make sb.look happier(使)快活起来： 3.vi.& vt.~(sth)(up)to become or make sth.become more pleasant, enjoyable or hopeful(使)增添乐趣，有希望：
4.vt.~(sth)(up)to make sth.look more colourful and attractive(adj.漂亮的；有吸引力的)使更艳丽；使更美丽：
5.vi.~(up)(of the weather天气)to improve and become brighter放晴：
3)dre [dres] n., v.n.1.[c] a piece of women‟s clothing that is made in one piece and covers the body down to the legs, sometimes reaching to below the knees, or to the ankles(n.['æŋkl] 踝；脚踝)连衣裙 e.g.婚纱
wedding dre
她穿一条黑色连衣裙。She was wearing a black dre.2.[u] clothes for either men or women 衣服
dre一般指连衣裙、套裙，也可以指外穿的衣服或特定场合穿的礼服： e.g.今晚大家都穿了晚礼服。Everyone is in evening dre tonight.穿礼服
to wear formal dre dre, suit, costume dre 表示衣服，尤其指外衣，连衣裙
e.g.我妹妹昨天买了一条新连衣裙。My sister bought a new dre yesterday.suit [sju:t]表示一套衣服，尤指套装
e.g.西服 a busine suit 我弟弟从来不穿成衣。My brother never wears ready-made(adj.做好的)suit.costume 指服装，某个时期，某种场合中穿的衣服
e.g.所有的演员都穿着15世纪的服装。All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes.costume [ˈkɔstju:m] n.1.[c;u] the clothes worn by people from a particular place or during a particular historical period(某地或某历史时期的)服装，装束 e.g.有些歌手身着威尔士民族服装。（wear: wore [wɔ:] / worn [wɔ:n]）
Some of the singers wore the Welsh national costume.2.[c;u] the clothes worn by actors in a play or film / movie, or worn by somebody to make them look like sth else(戏剧或电影的)戏装，服装
e.g.这些演员仍是戏装打扮。The actors were still in costume and make-up.costume drama ['drɑ:mə] n.[c;u] a play or film/movie set in the past古装戏；古装电影
v.1.~(sb.)(in sth.)to put clothes on yourself/sb.穿衣服，给（某人）穿衣服 opposite: undre e.g.[v] 我很快穿好了衣服。I dreed quickly.[vn] 她让自己和孩子都穿上最漂亮的衣服。
She dreed herself and the children in their best clothes.起床穿衣服了。Get up and get dreed!2.vi.~(sb.)(for/in/as sth.)to wear a particular type or style of clothes穿„的衣服： e.g.穿得好/不好 to dre well/badly
穿得时髦/舒适 to wear fashionably/comfortably [ˈkʌmfətəblɪ]
你今天应该穿防寒的衣服。You should dre for cold weather today.(fashionably [ˈfæʃənəblɪ] adv.流行地；时兴地；时髦地)Phr v.1.dre up(to wear clothes that are more informal than those you usually wear)穿上盛装；穿上正式服装
e.g.用不着穿礼服——就穿平时的衣服来吧。There is no need to dre up---come as you are.2.dre up / dre sb.up(to put on special clothes, esp.to pretend to be sb./ sth different)装扮，乔装打扮
e.g.这些男孩子们都装扮成了海盗。The boys were all dreed up as pirates.[ˈpaiərit] dre up as… 化装成…
3.dre sth.up to present sth.in a way that makes it seem better or different装饰；修饰；掩饰： e.g.无论你怎样夸饰，办公室工作都不令人向往。
However much you try to dre it up, office work is not glamorous.(glamorous ['glæmərəs] adj.特别富有魅力的；富裕刺激的；独特的)5)stocking [ˈstɔkiŋ] n.either of a pair of thin piece of clothing that fit closely over a woman‟s feet and legs长筒女袜
7.Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dre.去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。1)wear [wɛə] v., n.v.(wore [wɔ:] / worn [wɔ:n])1.vt.to have sth.on your body as a piece of clothing, an ornament [ˈɔ:nəmənt]装饰品, etc.穿;戴;佩戴：
e.g.我得系领带吗？Do I have to wear a tie? 穿外衣；戴帽子/戒指/徽章/手表 to wear a coat/hat/ring/badge/watch(badge [bædʒ] n.徽章, 奖章)
她系着座椅安全带吗？Was she wearing a seat belt? 他戴着眼镜。He wore glaes.她总是穿黑色衣服。She always wears black(=black clothes).2.to have your hair in a particular style;to have a beard or moustache留着，蓄着(发、须等)
(beard [biəd] n.胡须，髯；络腮胡子(动物的须)moustache [məsˈtɑ:ʃ] n.1.上嘴唇的胡子2.(moustaches)长胡子)e.g.[vn-adj.] 她梳着长发。She wears her hair long.[vn] 留胡须/八字须 to wear a beard/moustache
3.[vn] to have a particular expreion on your face流露，面带，呈现(某种神态)e.g.他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。
He wore a puzzled look on his face./His face wore a puzzled look.(puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的)玛丽一脸的心满意足。Mary's face wore a satisfied expreion.4.to become, or make sth become thinner, smoother or weaker through continuous use or rubbing 磨损；消耗；用旧(rub [rʌb] v.擦;搓;揉)
e.g.[v] 地毯渐渐磨坏了。The carpets are starting to wear.[v-adj.] 床单已经磨薄了。The sheets have worn thin.[vn-adj.] 不停的流水把这些石头冲刷得很光滑。
The stones have been worn smooth by the constant ['kɔnstənt] flow of water.Phr.v.1.wear off to gradually disappear or stop逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止：
e.g.这麻醉药品的作用将很快消失。The effects of the drug will soon wear off.2.wear on(written)(of time时间)to pa, esp.in a way that seems slow慢慢地过去；(光阴)荏苒
e.g.随着夜色渐深，她越来越紧张。As the evening wore on, she became more and more nervous.3.wear out/wear sth.out to become, or make sth.become, thin or no longer able to be used, usually because it has been used too much磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏
e.g.去年他穿坏了两双鞋。He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.4.wear yourself/sb.out to make yourself/sb.feel very tired 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦 e.g.孩子们简直把我烦透了。The kids have totally worn me out.你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。You‟ll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.n.1.(usually in compounds通常构成复合词)(尤用于商店)„时穿的衣服，„装 e.g.晚礼服 evening wear 童装 children‟s wear 2.衣着；穿着；穿戴；佩戴 3.使用(或形式)；耐用性；经久性： 4.磨损；用坏；耗损
wear：v.穿着，表示穿着的一种状态
其他表示穿戴的说法：be dreed in（穿着...，也是表示穿着时的一种状态），put on（穿上，表示瞬间的动作）
2)sock [sɔk] n.a piece of clothing that is worn cover the foot, ankle and lower part of the leg, esp.inside a shoe.短袜
3)orange-coloured dre adj.+n.+ed 构成复合形容词
e.g.noble-minded 思想崇高的good-tempered 脾气好的 adj.+现在分词 构成复合形容词
e.g.good-looking 好看的fine-sounding 听起来不错的adj.+n.构成复合形容词
e.g.large-scale 大比例的high-cla 一级的(cla n.1.[c] 阶级；阶层 2.[c] 种类；类别；等级)(scale [skeil] n.1.[u] 规模；范围；程度2.[c] 等级；级别 3.[c] 比例；比例尺 4.天平；磅秤)8.If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!' 一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！” 1)If anyone ever asks her how old she is，she always answers，...ever:(用于否定句和疑问句，或与if连用的句子)at any time 在任何时候；从来 e.g.这儿从未发生过任何事。Nothing ever happens here.难道你从来不累吗？Don‟t you ever get tired?...asks her how old she is，注意宾语从句中，主谓的次序和陈述句的语序一样不颠倒 2)it为先行词，代替to be grown up，这个不定式是句子真正的主语。再如： e.g.有很多朋友是件令人愉悦的事。It is a pleasant thing to have many friends.3)这句话的言外之意是她还没有长成大人，还是个小姑娘，因为她用的是表示推测的must。4)terrible [ˈterəbl] adj.1.very unpleasant;making you feel very unhappy, upset or frightened非常讨厌的；令人极不快的；可怕的e.g.令人极不快的经历 a terrible experience 多么骇人听闻的消息！What terrible news!2.causing great harm or injury;very serious危害极大的；造成极大伤害的；非常严重的： e.g.猛烈的暴风雨；重大事故 a terrible storm/accident 他受了重伤。He had suffered terrible injuries.3.[not before noun] unhappy or ill不痛快；有病：
e.g.我觉得难受，想去睡觉了。I feel terrible---I think I‟ll go to bed.4.[only before noun] used to show the great extent or degree of sth.bad极度的；极其严重的： e.g.严重的错误 a terrible mistake 处于极度痛苦之中 to be in terrible pain terribly ['terəbli] adv.1.(esp.BrE)very 非常；很
e.g.非常抱歉，我伤着您了吗？I‟m terribly sorry---did I hurt you? 2.very much;very badly非常地；很厉害地： e.g.我非常想念玛丽。I mi Mary terribly.5)grow [grəu] v.(grew [gru:], grown [grəun])
1.vi., vt.to exist and develop in a particular place;to make plants grow(使)生长，发育 e.g.vi.这地区干燥得草木不生。The region is too dry for plants to grow.(region n.1.[c](通常界限不明的)地区，区域，地方 e.g.热带地区：the tropical regions 2.[c] 行政区)
vt.我本来不知道法国也种稻子。I didn‟t know they grew rice in France.2.~(in sth.)to increase in size, number, strength or quality 扩大；增加；增强 e.g.vi.去年公司的利润增加了5%。The company profits grew by 5% last year.这家人最近添丁进口了。The family has grown in size recently.3.to become bigger or taller and develop into an adult长大；长高；发育；成长
e.g.vi.自从我上次见到你后，你又见长了！
You‟ve grown since the last time I saw you!4.(linking verb)to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time 逐渐变得；逐渐成为
e.g.时间长了，他越来越没有耐心。As time went on he grew more and more impatient.Phr.v.grow up
1.(of a person人)to develop into an adult长大；成熟；成长
e.g.她在北京长大。She grew up(=spent her childhood)in Beijing.他们的孩子都已长大成人离开家了。Their children have all grown up and left home now.2.used to tell sb.to stop behaving in a silly way别那么幼稚；别耍小孩子脾气；变得老成些： e.g.你怎么就长不大呢？Why don‟t you grow up? 3.to develop gradually逐渐发展；形成：
e.g.这两个女孩的关系越来越亲密。
A closene(n.[u] 接近；极相似；亲密)grew up between the two girls.be grown up:长大成人
grown-up adj.1.(of a person人)mentally and physically an adult成熟的；成年的；长大的 e.g.你长大后想做什么？What do you want to be when you‟re grown-up?
她有个已成年的儿子。She has a grown-up son.2.suitable for or typical of an adult适于成人的；成年人特有的 e.g.这孩子显然对别人用这种成年人的方式称呼他感到纳闷。
The child was clearly puzzled at being addreed in such a grown-up way.(addre vt.~sb.(as sth.)称呼(某人)；冠以(某种称呼)：)grown-up n.(used esp.by and to children尤作儿童用语)an adult person大人；成人 e.g.你要是听话就可以跟大人一起吃饭。If you‟re good you can eat with the grown-ups.情态动词must的用法(The modal verb must)1.must的词义：must表示“必须”或“应当”。此时可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句 如： e.g.我必须在九点钟离开这里。I must leave at 9:00.士兵必须服从命令。Soldiers must obey orders.你必须在三点钟以前到达车站。You must get to the station before three o‟clock.你明天得早点来。You must come earlier tomorrow.must的否定式：
must的否定形式must not表示“不应该”或“不许可”，而不表示“不必”。语气比较强烈。如：
e.g.我们不应该浪费我们的时间。We mustn‟t waste our time.旅客不要横穿铁路。Paengers must not walk acro the railway line.不要错过那部电影，它好极了。You mustn‟t mi that movie, it is extremely good.12 [注]说“不必”须用need not。如：
e.g.我们必须今天交练习吗？Must we hand in our exercises today? 不，不必今天交。No, you needn‟t.must用在一般疑问句中，表达“难道你不能不(做„)的含义”，这时肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to，不用 mustn’t。如：
e.g.“这些房间我都得清扫吗?” “Must I clean all the rooms?”
“不必。” “No, you needn‟t.” 2.must只有现在式，主要表示现在或将来，但有时也可以表示过去(多用于间接引语中)(=had to)。如：
e.g.他告诉我们在九点钟以前都得准备好。He told us we must all be ready by nine.太晚了，回不去了，我们只有继续往前走。It was too late to go back, we must go on.[注]have to(必须)则可以表示各种时间。如：
e.g.我看你得等一会儿。I am afraid you will have to wait a while.我每走一步都得将双腿从雪中拔出来。At every step I had to pull my legs out of the snow.3.must也可表示说话人对事物的推测，但比may肯定得多，相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。通常只用于肯定句。若用于否定句或疑问句，则用 can 代之。如： e.g.那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。
That can‟t be the only way.There must be other ways of solving the problem.简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家，不会出去的。Jane‟s light is on.She must be at home.She can‟t be out.他现在准是在图书馆。He must be in the library now.那老人准有七十多岁了。The old man must be over seventy now.她一定懂得怎样干农活。She must know how to do farm work.你今天早餐吃得很少，现在一定饿了。
You ate very little at breakfast today.You must be hungry now.[注]must加动词原形的进行式，也可表示对现在发生的动作的推测，有“一定”、“准是”的意思。如：
她现在一定在图书馆里看书。She must be reading in the library now.4.must加动词原形的完成式 must+have+过去分词，说明对过去事物的推测，表示“一定”、“准是”的意思。如：
e.g.你一定是误会了我的意图。You must have mistaken my intention.She must have been very young when she got married.她结婚时一定很年轻。
我是两星期以前发的信，她一定已经收到了。
I mailed the letter two weeks ago.She must have received it.她以前一定学过英语。She must have studied English before.你怎么知道这事的？一定有人告诉你了。
How did you know about it? Somebody must have told you.5.表示“偏偏”
有时must可表示某事发生得不早不迟，就在某个当紧的时候，多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生。如：
e.g.The car must break down just we were starting our holidays.我们刚刚开始休假，汽车偏偏坏了。(break down(机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉)Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy cooking dinner? 她正忙着做饭你干吗偏偏问她问题? Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter.(['tʃætə] vi.喋喋不休；唠叨)正当我忙碌的时候，邻居偏偏过来聊天。有时还可指主观上的偏执或固执，常可译为“偏”“偏要”。如： e.g.After I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite.在我给她出主意之后她偏要反着干。(opposite n.对立的人(或物)；对立面；反面)Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗？
have to 的用法
have to 表示“不得不”、“必须”的概念。它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态。如：
e.g.格林先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。Mr.Green has to work very hard to earn a living.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会，我不大舒服。
I had to leave the party early last night.I wasn‟t very well.我们明天必须起得很早。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我咳嗽的厉害，今天必须去诊所看看。
I shall have to go to the clinic ['klinik] today for my bad cough.[kɔf] [注]口语中的I have got to, you have got to 等=I have to, you have to.Have I got to? 和 Do I have to?这两种疑问形式均可用。
在口语中，have got to 也可以表示义务和需要。e.g.He has got to go right now.他必须马上去。
Have you got to leave now? 现在你必须走了吗？
have got to与have to 基本同义，两者往往可以互换: e.g.我每天早上7点半就得离开家。I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.但是，与always, sometimes等频度副词连用时，用have to往往比用have got to好： e.g.我经常五点就得起床。你有时候也得5点起床吗？
I often have to get up at 5:00.Do you ever have to get up at 5:00? have got to比have to听上去要更加口语化一些：
e.g.你真的现在就得上床睡觉吗？Have you really got to go to bed now? 恐怕我必须得去睡了。我明天必须一早就出发。
I‟m afraid I‟ve got to.I have to leave early tomorrow.must 与 have to的区别
1)两者都表示“必须”，但must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to 则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”“被迫”之意。如： Everyone must keep the law.人人都要守法。
The last train has gone.We‟ll have to walk home.最后一班车已经开了，我们得走回家了。2)从时态方面看，must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去)，而 have to 则有多种时态形式。如：
我们明天必须起得很早。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.他们不得不出发。They have had to leave.另外，have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而 must 则没有这些形式。如： It‟s annoying to have to get up early on Sundays.星期日必须早起，令人恼火。
You should offer to help without my having to ask.你应该不用我请求就提供帮助。3)用于否定句时，must 的否定式 mustn‟t 意为“一定不要”“不允许”；而have to的否定式don‟t have to 意为“不必”(=needn‟t)。比较：You mustn‟t tell him about it．你一定不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密)
You don‟t have to tell him about it．你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)4)在表达“难道你不能不(做„)”的含义时，一般用 “Must you„?”句型而不用 “Do you have to„?”或 “Have you got to„?”句型：
e.g.难道你非得现在就走吗？Must you leave now? 恐怕是的。我得准备一个考试。I‟m afraid so.I have to study for an exam.5)must 还可以用来表示推测：
e.g.他现在肯定在家。He must be at home now.她以前一定学过英语。She must have studied English before.15
