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TEM 1996
1．汉译英
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。
In Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends with all varieties of people.When encountering a stranger on such an occasion, an Asian would invariably hand over his name card to the newly-met stranger with full reverence, with both of his hands, even before he starts to converse with the stranger.Such an act seems to have become an indispensable ritual(formality/ etiquette).By contrast, an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to(offers to / volunteers to)present his name card.Instead, he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimle(random/ casual)chat.Only when both sides become deeply engroed(engaged / involved)in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would they offer to give their name cards.It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends.On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other.If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts.This seems to be the required courtesy on their part.The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality.Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves.Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards.It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.In Paris there are cocktail parties and buffet receptions of every sort which provide good opportunities for people to make friends.On such occasions strangers become acquainted with each other.People who are from Asia tend to present one another with their name cards politely by stretching their hands before they begin to introduce themselves, which seems to be an indispensable part of good social manners.However, people from France generally do not offer their name cards of their own accord.When they meet each other, they exchange a few words of greetings or even have a rambling far-ranging chat about everything under the sun before they go on their own way.Only when the two speakers have been talking congenially and hope to continue to contract each other further, do they take out their name cards readily.By contrast, offering one’s card to the other before self-introductions are made would seem unnatural to some degree.In Paris cocktail parties and buffet receptions held in the names of every description offer good opportunities for people to make friends.On such occasions strangers become acquainted with one another.People from Asia tend to offer their name cards to each other by extending their hands politely before they start to make self-introductions, which seems to be a neceary part of social etiquette.However, French people on the whole do not present one another with their calling cards of their own accord.When they see each other, they exchange a few words of greetings or even
have a rambling chat about everything before they say good-bye to one another.Only when the two have had a most pleasant chat and desire to proceed to contact further, do they take out their name cards of their own accord.If they presented their cards readily as soon as they saw each other, it would seem somewhat awkward.2．英译汉
It should have been easy.These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country.The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after receion.Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a topflight staff, travel, and television commercials.And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills.Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John.F.Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America---a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.要谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。这是一些久经沙场的退伍老兵，与里根有着千丝万缕的漫长联系，与共和党的联系甚至更为久远。这些人深谙总统政治，一如他们熟知这个国家中的所有政治事务那样。竞选的背景十分宜人，可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：美国正置身于太平盛世之中；作为选举的一个关键因素，整个国家的经济在步出萧条期之后正强劲反弹。此外，竞选本身所筹得的款项更是不计其数。用于支付一流水平的竞争班子工作人员工资、进行巡回造势、以及制作播放电视广告的钱款绰绰有余。最为重要的是，他们所推介的总统候选人是罗纳尔德·里根，一位风度翩翩，魅力无穷，又极具迷人沟通技巧的执政总统。与约翰·肯尼迪以来的任何一位历届总统相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅广阔的关于美国未来的前景——美国将成了一个重振军事雄风、民众富于个人进取心、联邦政府更加精简高效的国家。
这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。
设计这么一个策略应该是轻而易举之事。他们都是久经沙场的老将，与里根长期保持密切关系，与共和党则保持更长时间的亲密关系了，而且他们对总统的各项方针政策了如指掌。竞选运动的背景非常看好，好消息接连不断：国泰民安，美国的经济——它在任何一次竞选中都是关键因素——经过一段时期的萧条之后正在焕发出勃勃生机，迅速反弹。此外，竞选经费十分充裕，有大笔钱供第一流的竞选班子使用，有许多钞票作旅行费用和电视广告费用。而且，最重要的是，他们的总统候选人是里根——一位久负盛名、交际技能令人赞叹不已的总统。自从约翰·肯尼迪总统以来，里根比任何其他美国总统都更加成功地设计了一幅宏大的美国蓝图：更新、振兴美国的军事力量，发挥个人的主动性和积极性，精简联邦政府机构。
