人教版高中英语必修一Unit 1 Friendship知识点详解由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高中英语必修一知识点”。
Unit 1 Friendship
(一)词汇 1.add vt.& vi.增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说 常用结构： ①add to增添；增加；增进
②add...to...把„增添到„
③add up合计，相加
④add up to总数为；总计为
He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。2.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.(upset, upset)使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱 联想拓展
①be upset by...被„„ 打乱
②upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼
Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.He was horribly upset over her illne.她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
Don’t upset yourself — no harm has been done.The students really upset her.不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。
学生们着实让她烦恼。3.ignore vt.不理睬；忽视
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。
他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。联想拓展
①ignorant adj.(对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的②be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到
③ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道
④be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事
易混辨析
ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。4.concern n.［U］关心，担心，担忧；［C］有利害关系的事
vt.涉及，关系到，参与；使担心 联想拓展
①concerning
prep.关于
②concerned
adj.有关的；担心的③concern sb.与某人有关
④be concerned with sth.牵涉，与„„有关；参与
⑤concern oneself with 关心
⑥be concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事
⑦as/so far as...be concerned关于；至于；就„„而言
As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.I was very concerned about my mother’s illne.就我而言，你什么时候走都行。
我很担心母亲的病情。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。5.settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决
Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。常用结构：
①settle down 镇定下来
②settle in 在„„定居
He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。
6.suffer vt.遭受；忍受；蒙受
vi.后接from/for意为“受„„之苦”，“患„„疾病” 常用结构：
suffer an attack/a defeat/loes/pains 遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦
He suffered hard pains from the accident.Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗? 他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。
She’s suffering from lo of memory.她患有遗忘症。联想拓展
①sufferer n.受苦者，受难者
②suffering n.痛苦，苦难
变式训练：
1、She was really u_____ about the way her father treated her.2、It was very stupid of you to i_____ your mother’s advice.3、He made a good s_____ in last exam.4、All the people are c_____ about the growth of the younger generation.5、She’s h_____ my book away somewhere.6、My summer vocation was completely spoiled by a_____ of wet days.7、The boy is c____ about skating.8、It’s against n_____ for a mother to hurt her child.9、He came here on p____ to discu it with you.10、How d______ you say so?
11、Design a_____ to find out what kind of friends your clamates are.12、I live all a____ but I don’t feel lonely.13、I want your a_____ on this work.14、It is a little difficult to c____ someone down when he or she is excited.15、He was caught c_____ in the exam.(二)短语
7.go through
8.get sth.done 经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完
让别人做某事/使得某事被做 The country has gone through too many wars.done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth.done用法一样。这个国家经历了太多的战争。
get sb./sth.doing使某人/某事物„„起来 She’s gone through a bad patch recently.get sb.to do sth.使/让某人做某事
她最近经历了一段困难时期。
get done（状态的改变）get作系动词，相当于be Have you gone through all your money already?
get away逃脱；离开 你把所有的钱都花完了吗？
get back回来；取回
I went through the students’ papers last night.get by维持生活；通过 昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。
get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事
联想拓展
get in进站；到达；收集 go after追求；追赶
get off下来；下车
go ahead 前进；请说（做）吧
get on上车；进展；进步 go by走过；（时间）过去
get cro(对„„)生气，发脾气 go along with向前；（与......)一起去
get in one’s way挡路，妨碍
go in for爱好；从事
get used to doing sth.习惯做某事
go out 外出；（灯，火）熄灭
get involved in涉及
go over 越过；复习
get in touch with和„„取得联系 go through with 做完；完成get it了解，懂得，明白 go up 爬上；（价格等）上升 9.set down 放下；记下；登记
Paengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。
联想拓展
温馨提示
set about(doing sth.)着手（做某事）
set about 和set out都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲，set out(to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)
但set about 后加doing sth.，而set out后加 to do sth.。set aside留出；不顾
set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟 set free释放；解放
set off动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸 set out动身，出发；安排，组织 set up开办；建立；设立 set an example to树立榜样
set fire to...= set...on fire纵火烧 be set in以„„为背景
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。
We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。10.on purpose 故意
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose.He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。联想拓展
①purpose n.目的，用途；目标；重要意义
②for the purpose of 为了„„ ③to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳
The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。
11.join in 参加；加入
They didn’t have enough time to join in the activity.他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。联想拓展
①join sb.in sth.与某人一起做某事
②join up入伍；参军 ③join up with sb.与某人联合；会合④join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来；合伙；联合Will you join me in a walk?
Let us join hands in friendship.你愿意和我一起散步吗？
让我们携手共建友谊吧。易混辨析
join in/join/take part in/attend join in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。join ①参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;②来和某人待在一起。
take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。
attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。变式训练：
16、No matter what he says, don’t ____ him.17、C_________ with other countries was difficult during the war.18、He formed the h______ of getting up early.19、Both of them are e_____ of China Daily.20、List what a good friend should do and ____ the list with your partners.(分享)
21、They are _____.(骗子).22、He paid no attention to their_______(自尊心)
23、Arrange the exhibits_______ to size.(根据)
24、He’s_____ from lo of memory.(患有)
25、The politician is really in a dangerous______.(境遇).26、Why don’t you ____your idea ____on paper?(写下)
27、He _________________his English study(有困难)
28、She ___________________a foreigner.(爱上)
29、____________to change the situation.(努力)30、____________snow can cause trouble.(过多)
（三）重点句型
12....but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.„„但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。not...until 意为“直到„„才”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。
“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that...”相当于“Not until...did(does, do, is...)+主语...”意为“直到„„才”，是强调形式。
13.While walking the dog, you were carele and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车撞了。温馨提示
在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为it时，也可以将it和助动词be省略。Whenever poible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。
14.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
此句中的it’s...that是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点：（1）强调句型的基本结构：
“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时，可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。
（2）特殊句式中的强调句型：
①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构： “特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。②在“not...until”结构中，由until所引导的短语（或从句）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+not until...+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
（3）强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。
It was three o’clock when I got home.我到家的时候三点。It was at three o’clock that I got home.三点钟我到的家。
It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在镇上被养大的。（强调句）It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。（定语从句）
（4）英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。
He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn’t find you.他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。
It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？
15.I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do...我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账„„
as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句： ①引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性； ②引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）； ③引导方式状语从句，表示“以„„方式”；
④引导原因状语从句(=since;because)，意为“由于，因为”； ⑤引导比较状语从句。
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。
16....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...„„这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚„„
变式训练：
1．体温正常后，你才能起床。__________________________________ 2.直到会议结束他才离开。____________________________________ 3.过马路时，你应当小心。__________________________________________ 4.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。________________________________________________ 5.因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。______________________________________ 6.这是我第一次来珠海。__________________________________________________________ 7.那是她第二次游览伦敦。_____________________________________________________________
Keys: Unit 1 keys:
1．Upset 2.ignore
3.score 4.concerned
5.hidden
6.series
7.crazy 8.nature 9.purpose
10.dare
11.questionnaire
12.alone
13.advice 14.calm
15.cheating
16.trust
17.Communicating
18.habit 19.editors
20.share
21.cheats
22.pride
23.according
24.suffering
25.situation
26.set down
27.has trouble with
28.falls in love with
29.Make an effort
30.Too much 1.You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.2.He didn’t leave until the meeting was over.3.When croing the street, you should be careful.4.If heated, water can be turned into vapour.5.As you were not there, I left a meage.6.It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.7.It was the second time that she had visited London.本课知识点归纳
Unit 1重要词组句型抽查 课后作业
C
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You've made friends since childhood，but you still don't know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.Always honest Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.Always listening There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can't always listen immediately to your problems.Always respectful(尊敬的)A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.Always understanding It is poible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving(体谅的)and understanding，even if it isn't his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn't want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.9．What's the best title for the third paragraph? A．Always there for you.B．Keep your secrets.C．Always happy for you.D．Remember your important days.10．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the paage? A．Never tell lies to friends.B．Making time for friends.C．Sharing fun with friends.D．Paying attention to a friend's opinion.11．What's the author's purpose of writing this paage? A．To teach us how to make true friends.B．To find out how long a friendship can last.C．To introduce his experience in making friends.D．To tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.D Many people turn to doctors or self－help books，but they ignore a powerful thing that could help them fight illnees：their friends.Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship in health.A 10－year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent le likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends.A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk(危险)for obesity among people whose friends gained weight.And last year，Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties(关系)could improve brain health as we age.“In general，the role of friendship in our lives isn't well realized，” said Rebecca，a profeor at the University of North Carolina.“Friendship has a bigger effect on our psychological(心理的)health than family relationships.”
While many friendship studies are about the close relationships of women，some research shows that it can do good to men，too.In a six－year study of 736 middle－aged men，having friendships reduces the risk of heart attack.Only smoking was as important a risk factor(因素)as having little social support.The exact reason why friendship has such a big effect isn't entirely clear.While friends can send a sick person to the hospital or pick up medicine，the advantages go well beyond physical help.Friendship clearly has a big psychological effect.“People with stronger friendships feel like there is someone they can turn to，” said Karen，a doctor.“The meage of these studies is that friends make your life better.”
12．The three studies in Paragraph 2 show that ________． A．old people need friends the most B．friends can help us lose weight C．social ties are connected to health D．more friends make us healthier 13．What do Rebecca's words in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Friendship is more important to women than to men.B．What people need most is a friend's care.C．Friendship is more important than family relationship.D．The value of friendship hasn't been fully understood.14．Which of the following can be used here to replace the underlined word “obesity”？ A．Fatne.B．Unhappine.C．Excitement.D．Health.15．What would be the best title of the text? A．Friends Are the Best Medicine B．Friends Are as Important as a Family C．Having Good Friends Leads to a Longer Life D．Friendship Makes People Happy Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2014·河南省洛阳八中10月月考)Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money and time.16.________ Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
1．Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready？17.________ 2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？18.________ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3．19.________This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.20.________ And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A．Try new things.B．Ability is easily improved.C．Make three or four instead.D．Understand your food better.E．Cooking is a burden for many people.F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Watson entered Mr.Smith's office.The bo was a(n)__21__ man.He fired people who didn't do well without giving them a second chance.“Watson，” said Mr.Smith，“this past year your department hasn't earned money.We're going to __22__ that department.It's finished.I'm sorry — but you'll have to __23__．” “But，sir — if I just had a little more time.For the moment I need the __24__ to keep my __25__ at Riverside School.”
“What's that！” said the bo.“Riverside！I didn't know you had a boy there.That's a(n)__26__ school for a man with your salary.”
“I know，sir.But he likes it so much！He's a star trackman and the best boxer in the school.The boys call him __27__ there.”
The bo sat perfectly __28__ for a long time — a faraway look in his eyes.Then，suddenly，he said，“We've got to close your department，Watson.But you'll __29__ a new job in another department.It means longer hours — maybe more __30__．Now get out.You're here for life.” Watson got out with __31__ in his face.Then the bo __32__ a letter from the top drawer of his desk.It was Herbie's __33__ letter from Riverside School — written a few days before he died.He had read it over and over again.The letter __34__：
I can't say the boys here are any __35__ than the others were.I gue it's the same everywhere __36__ you're a cripple(跛子)．But don't worry about me，Dad.They've got a good __37__ department here.And in my cla there's one boy who is really __38__．He's a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.He __39__ them stop throwing my books around.And he knocked a boy down who hit me.He is the best __40__ I ever had.Dad，when I grow up，I want to do something for Champ.Something big — that he won't even know about.Your son，Herbie, 21.A.impolite
C．modest
22．A.drop C．punish
23．A.join
C．go
24．A.favour
B．hospitable D．hard B．check D．lose B．present
D．attend B．chance C．job
D．promise 25．A.star
B．champ C．son
D．daughter 26．A.suitable
B．expensive C．beautiful
D．average 27．A.Watson
B．Champ C．Hero
D．Herbie 28．A.still
B．eager C．nervous D．anxious 29．A.take over
B．go over C．think over
D．come over 30．A.time
B．attention C．pay
D．energy 31．A.smile
B．care
C．pleasure
D．surprise 32．A.received
B．opened C．took
D．read 33．A.last
B．longest C．busine
D．reply 34．A.wrote
B．spoke C．said
D．printed 35．A.crueler
B．nicer C．poorer
D．stronger 36．A.though
B．when C．unle
D．after 37．A.medicine
B．chemistry C．physics
D．trade 38．A.friendly
B．helpful C．great
D．cautious 39．A.forced
B．persuaded C．suggested
D．made 40．A.athlete
B．star
C．friend
D．student Keys: 9．A 段落大意题。本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。
10．C 细节理解题。A项在第二段提到了；B项在第三段提到了；D项在第四段提到了；只有C项“与朋友分享乐趣”文中没提到。
11．D 作者意图题。本文意在告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是不是真正的朋友。12．C 细节理解题。由本段第一句话和最后一句话可知此段讲的是“友谊与健康”的关系。故选C项。13．D 细节理解题。根据第三段“In general，the role of friendship in our lives isn't well realized”，可知D为正确选项。
14．A 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段whose friends gained weight猜测obesity意为发胖或与肥胖有紧密的联系，故选A。15．C 主旨大意题。本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍了友谊和健康的关系。故选C。16～20 BGCAF 21．D 根据下文“He fired people who didn't do well without giving them a second chance.”可知，老板是一个很苛刻的人。impolite“没有礼貌的”；hospitable“好客的”；modest“谦虚的”；hard“苛刻的；严厉的”。
22．A 根据“this past year your department hasn't earned money”及上文老板的苛刻可知答案。drop ＝ close/give up“关闭；放弃”。
23．C 根据上文信息，老板很严厉，此时要关闭这个部门，沃森就必须离开这个公司。24．C 根据前面情节，老板要解雇沃森，再结合下文“I didn't know you had a boy there.”可知，沃森想保住这份工作供他儿子上学。25．C 解析见上题。
26．B 根据老板惊讶的口气和下文他自己的儿子也在这所学校可知，该校费用不菲。27．B 根据最后的那封信中的“He's a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.”可知答案。
28．A 根据下文的“suddenly，he said”可知，这里应该是老板静静地坐在那儿很长时间。still“安静的”。
29．A 根据后面“a new job in another department”和“You're here for life.”可知答案。take over“接管，接手”；go over“复习”；think over“仔细考虑”；come over“过来拜访”。30．C 联系下文可知，老板之所以一反常态留用了沃森是因为老板儿子的那封信。儿子在信中提到“Dad，when I grow up，I want to do something for Champ.Something big — that he won't even know about.”这一遗愿，因此史密斯为他安排一个薪水较高的职位。
31．D 根据文章第一段信息，老板一向严厉，这一次却对沃森网开一面，沃森自然感到惊讶。
32．C 老板从顶层抽屉里拿出一封信。
33．A 根据后面的“written a few days before he died”推断这是老板的儿子赫比的最后一封信。
34．C 信上“写着”用read或said。
35．B 根据下文的“I gue it's the same everywhere...”可知，此处意思是这里的孩子不比其他地方的孩子好多少。
36．B 当你是个跛子的时候，这里的孩子和其他地方的孩子都差不多。
37．B 根据后文中“in my cla there's one boy...and just tops in chemistry”可知答案。38．C 根据下文的“He's a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.”以及男孩对自己的帮助可知赫比对这个男孩崇拜之至。39．D 句意：他不让同学们乱扔“我”的书。make sb.do sth.“迫使某人做某事”。force/persuade sb.to do sth.“迫使某人做某事”；suggest后面不能直接跟宾语和宾语补足语。
40．C 根据信的内容尤其是最后一句话可知，赫比已经把男孩当成他最好的朋友了。
