中国学生标点符号常用错误由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“标点符号常见的错误”。
中文和英文毕竟是两个不同的语言，很多用法是截然不同的，如果用中文的理路去生搬硬套，往往会出现许多中国式英语（当然很多外国人也会犯同样的错误）。而我这里要谈的，不是give you some color to see see(给你点颜色瞧瞧）或者flower open flower fall（花开花落）之类令人啼笑皆非的短语，而是关于标点符号的用法。
1）中文里面，逗号是一个很常用的符号。如果两个或者更多的短句之间有关联，而每一句又没把整个意思表达完全，就可以用逗号连起来，最后放个句号。所以以下这句话是合法的中文句子：
我看完了这篇文章，我觉得这文章有语法错误，原因是作者没有正确地使用逗号。
很多英文新手会自然而然地把以上这句子翻译成：
I have finished reading this article, I think this article has grammatical errors, the reason is that the author failed to use commas properly.但这样翻译是错误的。不是说哪个词用错了，而是因为这个句子犯了一个语法上的错误。英文里，每个句子只能有一个主语、一个谓语、和一个宾语；反过来说，有了一个主语、一个谓语、和一个宾语之后，就是一句完整的句子，就必须用句号结束。以上这个“句子”被逗号分成了三截，而每一截里都有自己的主谓宾，所以每一截都是个完整句，应该用句号结尾（我们都知道，英文中的句号不是个圈，而是个点，即period)。如果用了逗号，就犯了“comma splice”的错误。一个较为单纯的修改方法就是把句子改成：
I have finished reading this article.I think this article has grammatical errors.The reason is that the author failed to use commas properly.这个句子虽然语法上对了，却不通顺。毕竟这三截话讲的是一件事情。另一个修改方法就是把短句用分号（semicolon)连接起来，形成长句：
I have finished reading this article;I think this article has grammatical errors;the reason is that the author failed to use commas properly.这样固然可以，但和上面用句号连接没太大的区别。最好的办法就是用“连词”把句子连起来，这样念起来比较通顺，也符合英文的习惯用法。连词就是and、but、for、so、yet、nor之类的词。
I have finished reading this article, and I think this article has grammatical errors, for the author failed to use commas properly.2）中文都是方块字，所以没有空格。英文是拼写的，所以词与词之间必须用空格来区分开。这样的空格很明显，不说大家都明白。但英文里面，标点符号后面也有空格。一般标点后面都有一个空格，但句号后面却应该有两个空格。这两个空格一般很难看出来，特别在印刷品
上面。
3）中文里，“说”“说道”后面是放冒号的，比如：
芙蓉姐姐说：“我是芙蓉我怕谁！”
小沈阳说道：“百分之百纯也们儿！”
但英文里，冒号只是用来解释的:
English consists of three things: letters, punctuation marks, and spaces.“说”后面只用逗号，不用冒号：
Juliet asks, “where art thou, Romeo.”
同时可以注意到，英文中也没有顿号，只有逗号。
4）中文里有书名号，凡是书名、报名都必须用书名号括起来：
谁是《鲁迅全集》的出版商？
我订《新民晚报》花了很多钱。
英文的规则比较复杂。首先英文里没有书名号。如果是书，或者诗集，应该用斜体字：
I have finally finished reading A Walk in the Woods.The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson is a great book to own.如果是手写，无法改变字体，则用下划线：
This is my hand-written summary of the book Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.如果是短篇故事，或者杂志报纸的名字，则用引号：
I don't like the “Wall Street Journal” at all
(1)顿号、书名号、句号、省略号错误。比较中英文标点符号可见,英文标点中没有中文形式的顿号、书名号、句号和省略号。而这四种标点符号成了大学英语写作中“借鉴频率较高的符号。如:
〔错误〕1.While she is reading《Gone With the Wind》, I am cooking。
〔错误〕2.My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana、orange、apple and pear.英文中的印刷体用斜体字表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称,在书写体或打字机
打的文本中用字下线表示斜体字;英文常用逗号来代替冒号;而句号是用实心小黑点表示。故以上两句应改为:
〔修改〕1.While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking.(印刷体)或While she is reading Gone With the Wind , I am cooking.(书写体)
〔修改〕2.My sister bought a lot of fruits for me , such as banana , orange , apple and pear.还有,英文中的省略号其实是三个句号的并列,许多学生由于受中文影响常错误地把英文省略号写成六点。
(2)冒号错误。冒号是中英文兼有的标点符号。在汉语中,冒号是表示提示性话语之后的停顿,常用在”说、道、讲、问、唱、回答、喊、吼“等动词的后边,以标明下面的话是谁说的。此用法影响下列英文句子标点:
〔错误〕3.I thought to myself :”What kind of trap is she laying ？“
〔错误〕4.He asked :”where are you from ？“
以上两例中的冒号在英文中需用逗点表示。汉语中的冒号还可用在”如次“如下”例如“像等引起下文的提示语后边。在英文表达中,”for example“(例如)一类的词后常用逗点代替冒号。
〔错误〕5.Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example : a person with good manners is kind and
helpful to others.〔修改〕5.Good manners can be seen in everyday life.For example , a person with good manners is kind and helpful to others.(3)破折号错误。汉语中的破折号标明行文中解释说明的部分,而英文同位语也具有同等说明的功能,故英文写作中用破折号连接同位语成份的错误也屡见不鲜。如:
〔错误〕6.We are studying and living at the famous university — Beijing University.〔修改〕6.We are studying and living at the famous university , Beijing University.对于同位语,英语一般使用逗点而不用破折号。英文中破折号的用法远没有中文的丰富。
在大学英语写作中,与语法知识有关的标点错误主要有:
(1)把非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive attributive clause)理解成限制性定语从句(restrictive attributive clause)而忽略用逗点。如:
〔错误〕7.We were led into a nearest fabric shop that was divided into two parts.从句意来看,上句是一个非限制性定语从句,故应在shop 后加逗点,把that 相应改成which 即:
〔修改〕7.We were led into a nearest fabric shop , which was divided into two parts.(2)不论状语从句在整个句子中处于何种位置,一概以逗点隔开。
〔错误〕8.We will go there , if it is fine tomorrow.状语从句可置于句首或句末。置于句首时,一般要用标点隔开;而置于句末时,则无需与主句隔开,故 以上句子应改为:
〔修改〕8.If it is fine tomorrow , we will go there.或We will go there if it is fine tomorrow.(3)在疑问句形式的陈述句后使用问号。
〔错误〕9.What fun we girls could expect , to stay in the same cla , studying for four long years with them ？I wondered.〔修改〕9.What fun could we girls expect , to stay in the same cla , studying for four long years with them , I wondered.英语疑问除可用问号来表达外,尚可用词序加以表达。故上例的疑问可用逗点表示。
(4)误把however ,therefore , because , thus 等起联系作用的副词当成并列连词,导致写作中的逗号粘连(comma splice)错误。
〔错误〕10.She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , however , she didn't care for that.两个完整的句子或两个并列句之间不能一概用逗点点开, 可用句号、分号或在逗点后加并列连词(and , but , or , for , so , nor , yet)等方法修改。故上例可改为:
〔修改〕10.She thought what the teacher pointed out was right.However , she didn't care for that.或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right;however , she didn't care for that.或She thought what the teacher pointed out was right , but she didn't care for that.(5)与comma splice 相映成趣的是,许多学生作文时,极少考虑句子间的逻辑关系,一个逗点连首尾,导致大量熔句(fused sentence)的堆砌。例如:
〔错误〕11.Young men like blue jeans they wear them all the time.〔修改〕11.Young men like blue jeans;they wear them all the time.或Young men like blue jeans.They wear them all the time.或Young men like blue jeans , and they wear them all the time.或Young men like blue jeans;they wear them all the time.或Since young men like blue jeans , they wear them all the time.(6)两个并列的形容词间以and 代替逗点。
〔错误〕12.Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which
reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely and hard childhood.现代英语表达一般在两个形容词中间不使用and , 而是用逗点分隔。
〔修改〕12.Through the window , in front of me were large green fields which reminded me of the small clearing where I spent my lonely , hard childhood
因语体错位而造成的标点错误。
英文写作是一种书面语的输出。其书面语体的特征要求其与口头语相区别。口语中存在的大量缩约(contraction)在书面语体中应尽量避免。而许多学生在书面作文中大量使用省字号('),几乎1/ 3 左右的作文在文体上存在漏洞,现代英语的发展对此却难以容忍。如:
1.I'd like to share my joys with you.(I would like to)
2..you can't behave like that.(you cannot)
3..there're so many splendid toys for me to select.(there are)
其他错误：
(1)引号错误。
〔错误〕13.”No pain , no gain.“If you.〔修改〕13.As the saying goes ,”No pain , no gain.“
英文中短小的引语与作者提示”某某说之类的词语之间用逗点隔开,置于引号内。不能省略提示语“某某说之类而直接引用。
〔错误〕14.Glancing through the eay entitled”Why Not More ？ “, Dr.Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.〔修改〕14.Glancing through the eay entitled”Why Not More ？,“Dr.Jefferson frowned thoughtfully.许多学生对诸如上例引号边的标点位置含糊,不清楚以下常用法:句号和逗号必须置于引号之内;冒号和分号必须置于引号之外;如果所引内容本身是疑问句或感叹句,问号和感叹号一般放在引号之内,否则,问号和感叹号则放在引号之外。
(2)日-月-年次序的日期中的逗号错误。英语日期的表达可以用月-日-年的次序和日-月-年的次序,日和年之间加逗号而月和年之间习惯上不加逗号。例如: 误把”13 August 2002“写成”13 August , 2002“。
(3)在部分副词如perhaps , so 后加逗号。如:
〔错误〕16.Perhaps , I would not have such a good chance again.〔错误〕17.So , they keep in touch with each other merely by writing letters and
phoning now.以上两句的修改方法是把句中的逗号去掉。
(4)连接号(hyphen)错误。许多英语习作者往往随意用连接号派生单词,如把”boyfriend“写成”boy-friend“;”middle school“写成”middle-school"。在行末单词分行时,连接号使用错误更多。与之相反,若把本应有的连接号粗心删去,其单词含义可能会大相径庭。如有一年美国政府在一份贸易清单上列举了一些免税进口的物品,其中有一种是foreign fruit —plants(外国果树苗),后来由于打字员的疏忽，漏打连接号使其成了foreign fruit , plants(外国水果、树苗),结果导致第二年大量的水果如桔子、葡萄等从世界各地免税涌入美国市场从而使美国政府当年损失约200 多万美元。
应用逗号而没用,造成语义的表达不清。
Please send me a gro each of the red , green ,blue ,orange and black ties.使人看了以后不知是发5 摞(1 摞= 12 打)
—红、绿、蓝、橙、黑各一摞— 领带,还是发4 摞
—红、绿、蓝、橙黑各一摞领带。这句话可改为:
①Please send me a gro each of the red , green ,blue ,orange ,and black ties.②Please send me a gro each of the red , green ,blue ,orange-and-black ties.该用分号的地方用了逗点, 不该用标点的地方也用了逗点,都导致了句子的错误。
①People make history , unusual people make history interesting.此句逗点应改为分号, 这是两个独立分句。
②Mary was happiest when she was free of her parents' scrutiny , or while she was working in her garden.此句的并列连词是连接的成对的从句,而不是独立分句,连词前面的逗号应去掉。
标点符号的使用是约定俗成的, 初学写作的人只有牢记它的使用规则, 才能写出规范的文章来。.
